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Data mengenai pelayanan kontrasepsi, khususnya tentang pelaksanaan konseling kontrasepsi oleh PPKBD (Pembantu Pembina Keluarga Berencana Desa) di Kota Padang masih belum mencerminkan informasi yang lengkap dan berkualitas, walaupun data rutin dari laporan-laporan atau studi-studi tentang pelaksanaan konseling kontrasepsi sudah cukup banyak.
Oleh sebab itu dirasa penting untuk mengadakan penelitian tentang pelaksanaan konseling kontrasepsi oleh PPKBD di Kota Padang.
Penelitian telah selesai dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli tahun 2002 di Kecamatan Nanggalo, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat. Adapun jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara mendalam, kuasioner, dan dokumentasi.
Sebagai informan dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 PPKBD, 1 PPLKB dan 36 Ibu PUS yang berada di Kecamatan Nanggalo, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat. Untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang pelaksanaan konseling kontrasepsi oleh PPKBD digunakan metode observasi langsung oleh penulis terhadap PPKBD. Sementara itu dilakukan juga wawancara mendalam dengan ke 6 PPKBD dan l PPLKB guna mengetahui tentang karakteristik masing-masing PPKBD. Pengisian kuesioner juga dilakukan oleh 6 PPKBD dan 36 Ibu PUS.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada 5 dari 6 PPKBD yang telah mengikuti pelatihan khusus tentang KK pada tahun 1999 yang dilaksanakan oleh BKKBN Tk.II Padang. Mereka ini juga mengikuti pelatihan pada waktu Rakor Kecamatan selama 1 hari (3-4 jam) setiap 3 bulan. Selama diadakan Rakor, PPLKB juga melakukan kembali pelatihan KK guna mengingatkan kembali kepada PPKBD tentang tekhnik KK SATU TUJU tetapi di dalam kenyataannya di lapangan, pelaksanaan KK itu masih kurang memuaskan.
Selama pelaksanaan KK SATU TUJU di Posyandu, peneliti menemukan hanya 2 dari 6 PPKBD yang hampir betul melakukan semua langkah-langkah KK SATU TUJU dengan benar, sesuai dengan langkah-langkah KK SATU TUJU yang sudah ditetapkan oleh BKKBN.
Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut di atas, disarankan kepada BKKBN Tk.II Padang untuk
1. melakukan supervisi, evaluasi, koreksi, dan mengingatkan kembali PPKBD, tentang prosedur pelaksanaan KK SATU TUJU
2. melakukan evaluasi terhadap kurikulum pelatihan (baik terhadap materi pelajaran maupun terhadap pelatihnya), dan diharapkan dapat ditambah dengan beberapa teori komunikasi dan psikologi wanita dewasa, khususnya psikologi ibu hamil, dan psikologi ibu nifas.
3. melatih PPKBD agar bisa aktif dan kreatif dalam melaksanakan konseling kontrasepsi SATU TUJU dimana saja, tetapi harus selalu di dalam situasi baik, dan mengikuti prosedur yang benar.
Implementing Contraceptive Counseling by Village Family Planning Assistant (PPKBD) At Nanggalo Sub-district, in the City of Padang, West Sumatera, 2002Data collected to add the existing information on the quality of contraceptive services, especially on the implementation of contraceptive counseling by (PPKBD) Village Family Planning Assistant in the City of Padang. Despite the fact that there have been a lot of data generated from routine reports or studies on the implementation of contraceptive counseling there is no good data. Therefore, it is important to conduct a research on the implementation of contraceptive counseling by PPKBD in the City of Padang.
This evaluation research was completed in July, 2002 at Nanggalo Sub-district. in the City of Padang, West Sumatera. The design of the study was qualitative study using observation, in-depth interview, short questionnaire, and documentation.
The sources of information for this research were 6 PPKBD, l PPLKB (Family Planning Field Supervisor) and 36 WUS Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) at Nanggalo Sub-district, the City of Padang, West Sumatera.
The method of direct observation was used to collect information on the implementation of contraceptive counseling by PPKBD. Meanwhile, in-depth interviews with 6 PPKBD and 1 PPLKB were used to collect information on the characteristics of the informant. The questionnaires were filled in by 6 PPKBD and 36 WRA.
From this research, it can be concluded that 5 from 6 PPKBD have participated in the contraceptive counseling training held by the City of Padang's BKKBN in 1999. They also attended a one day (3-4 hours) Sub-district Coordinating Meeting (Rakor) held every 3 months. During the Rakor, the PPLKB also provided training to PPKBD to remind of the counseling contraceptive techniques, but the implementation of contraceptive counseling in the fields was still unsatisfactory.
During the contraceptive counseling at Posyandu, the researcher was found the almost correct implemented the "GATHER" procedure for counseling SATU TUJU only 2 from 6 PPKBDs.
Based on the above results the following recommendations were made to the City of Padang's BKKBN to perform the following:
1. To evaluate and correct the implementation of the existing the "GATHER" procedure.
2. To evaluate the training curriculum (e.g. subject and trainer qualification) and its supervision mechanism, add communication theories and adult woman psychology, in the Antenatal and Postnatal Psychology courses.
3. To provide training to the PPKBD to be more active and creative in implementing the "GATHER" approach regardless of the physical environment complying with the correct "GATHER" procedure.
Menurut Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) 1995, Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia adalah 373 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebesar 46 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah belum optimal cakupan kunjungan antenatal (K4 = 75,66%). Kurang optimalnya kunjungan antenatal mengakibatkan risiko dan komplikasi kehamilan tidak terdeteksi secara dini. Intervensi kesehatan spesifik melalui kunjungan antenatal minimal 4 kali, merupakan salah satu daya ungkit yang besar untuk menurunkan insiden dan beratnya komplikasi yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas pada ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Di Kota Medan kunjungan antenatal K4 sebesar 78,75%, belum mencapai target nasional sebesar 90%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hubungan antara falctor predisposisi, faktor pemungkin dan faktor penguat dengan kunjungan antenatal K4. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional (potong lintang), pemilihan sampel didasarkan rumus cluster 2 tahap, tahap pertama dengan probability proportional to size menggunakan C Survey, jumlah sampel sebanyak 210 orang, ibu yang mempunyai bayi umur 6 (enam bulan) dimana selama hamil pernah memeriksakan kehamilannya ke petugas kesehatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan perangkat lunak C Sample pada Epi Info 6.0 dan program komputerisasi lainnya.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa proporsi kunjungan antenatal sesuai standar sebesar 51% dan 84,8% responden pernah melakukan kunjungan antenatal di klinik bidan swasta. Hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pendidikan tinggi, pengetahuan baik, sikap positif, jarak, penghasilan tinggi, akses informasi yang baik terhadap pelayanan antenatal dan dukungan suami. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pengetahuan, sikap, jarak, penghasilan, akses informasi dan yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kunjungan antenatal K4 adalah pengetahuan ibu (OR 2,78).Memperhatikan hasil penelitian ini, menyarankan kepada lembaga terkait khususnya mereka yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil dan bersalin bahwa kegiatan Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi (KIE) pada Standar Operating Procedur (SOP) perlu ditegaskan kembali, yaitu adanya langkah-langkah KIE yang harus dioperasionalkan diseluruh fasilitas pelayanan dari Posyandu sampai Rumah Sakit, baik pada pelayanan pemerintah maupun swasta. Kegiatan konseling merupakan pilihan yang efektif dan efisien meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu untuk memahami peristiwa kehamilan, persalinan, nifas dan risiko yang mungkin dihadapi ibu sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya prefentif.
The Factors that Related to Antenatal Visit Four Times (K4) in Medan City, North Sumatera Province, 2002Based on Household Health Survey in 1995, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia was 373 per 100.000 live births, while the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 46 per 1000 live births. One of the factors was caused by the in optimal the coverage of antenatal visit four times (K4 = 75,66%). The lack of their optimal to antenatal visit four times, it caused risk and pregnancy complication can not be detected in the early. The specific health intervention through minimum antenatal visit at least four times, as one of the big power raising to reduce the incident and heavy complication that related to pregnancy, delivery and post-partum on mother and infant new birth. In Medan City the antenatal visit four times was 78,75%, it was not reach with the national target that is 90%.The objective of this study was to obtain the relationships between the predisposition, possibly, and the dominant factors with antenatal visit four times. The study design was cross-sectional. The sample selected was based on the pattern of cluster second phase, first phase with probability proportional to size used C Survey. The number of sample was 210 pregnant mothers who having infant age 5 6 months, where during pregnant ever checked their pregnancy to health worker. The data was collected by indepth interview method. The data was analysis by software C Sample on Epi Info 6.0 and others computer programs.The result of study showed that the proportion of antenatal visit meet with the standard was a 51% and 84,8% respondent ever conducted antenatal visit at the private maternity clinics. The result of bivariate analysis known that the variable which having significant relationship to antenatal visit four times is high education, good knowledge, positive attitude, distance, high income, good information access to antenatal service and husband support. The result of logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the variable that having relationships to antenatal visit four times is knowledge, attitude, distance, income, information access and the most dominant that influence to K4 is mother's knowledge (OR 2,78).Considering to this study, it is recommended that the institutional related especially to whom that giving health services on pregnant mother and delivery. The activities of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) on Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) it is need to be cleared again, i.e. the availability of IEC steps that should be applied in entire of health facilities, starting from Village Integrated Service Post to Hospital, both private and state owned. Counseling activities is selection that effective and efficient to increase the mother's knowledge, and in order to understand the pregnant event, delivery, post-partum and the risk that possible faced, so it can be done preventive action.
Remaja merupakan generasi penerus bangsa sejak dini harus disiapkan secara utuh baik( fisik maupun psikologisnya. Kesehatan reproduksi remaja merupakan salah satu program yang dilaksanakan oleh Departemen Kesehatan dibidang usaha kesehatan sekolah dan remaja. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan Dwiprahasto (1993) diketahui 3,6% kelompok umur 13-15 tahun dan (5,4%) kelompok umur 16-20 tahun telah melakukan hubungan seksual, begitu juga beberapa peneliti lain, yang melakukan penelitian tentang remaja diberbagai kota di Indonesia menemukan tingginya angka perilaku berisiko bagi remaja. Sedangkan di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam khususnya kota Banda Aceh belum ada dilakukan penelitian tentang perilaku remaja. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kota Banda Aceh, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi remaja diantara siswa SMUN di kota Banda Aceh, dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional, populasi terdiri dari siswa SMUN dengan status marital belum menikah, serta jumlah sampel 180 responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 180 responden ditemukan 12,8% responden termasuk kategori perilaku berisiko ringan seperti berciuman pipi 1,1% dan berpelukan, 0,5% dengan lawan jenisnya, meskipun tahapan ini bila ditinjau dari teori (Kinsey) belum tergolong perilaku berisiko. Namun karena kondisi dan budaya daerah/lokasi penelitian yang berpenduduk mayoritas beragama Islam, dan juga mempunyai keistimewaan dalam penyelenggaraan kehidupan adat, sehingga segala aktifitas sehari hari juga dijiwai dan sesuai dengan syariat Islam. Maka dengan alasan tersebut, perilaku demikian tergolong pada kategori berisiko ringan, dan perlu diwaspadai agar tidak berlanjut ketahap perilaku berisiko berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengetahuan, pendidikan tambahan, dan pendidikan ayah, berhubungan dan bermakna secara statistik. Adapun faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku siswa SMUN tentang kesehatan reproduksi adalah pendidikan ayah, dimana ayah dengan pendidikan tinggi (minimal SMU) cenderung anak berperilaku 9,4 kali lebih baik, jika dibanding ayah berpendidikan rendah. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku siswa SMUN di kota Banda Aceh tentang kesehatan reproduksi termasuk kategori perilaku berisiko ringan. Untuk mencegah perilaku ini meningkat menjadi perilaku berisiko berat disarankan, penambahan materi kesehatan reproduksi disekolah, agar meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang kesehatan reproduksi khususnya. Pada orang tua juga diharapkan dapat memberikan bimbingan kesehatan reproduksi sedini mungkin. Bagi remaja sendiri agar selalu berperilaku positif sesuai ajaran agama, menjaga budaya dan adat serta mencari informasi yang benar tentang kesehatan reproduksi.
Teenagers are the future generation of the Nations since they have to be prepared early physically and psychologically. Teenage health reproduction is one of The Health Department Program that held for teenagers and school health. Based on pwiprahasto (1993), research known that 3,6% of 13 -15 age group and 5,4% of 16-20 age group have done sexual relationship so did by other researchers who studied about teenagers on every kind of city in Indonesia which found risk value of teenage behavior. While in Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam especially on Banda Aceh City there haven't been studied about Health Reproduction behavior teenagers. This study was conducted in Banda Aceh City, aims to get the information about some factors which related with teenager health reproduction among High School students which used cross sectional design, population consist of High School students whom unmarried status, and take 180 respondent, The analysis use univarite, bivariate with chi-square, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test. The result of this study shows that of 180 respondent, there are 12,8% of them found low risk of behavior category i.e. kissing 1,1% and holding each other 0,5%, although this stage has not been the criteria of risk behavior based on Kinsey theory. Because of the whole activities of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam people was based on Islamic rules. Ttherefore teenagers behavior was classified as low risk category and it should be awared to anticipate them becoming the severe risker. Because of the whole activities of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam people was based on Islamic rules. Therefore teenagers behavior was classifified as low risk catergory and it should be awared to anticipate them becoming the severe risker. This study shows that statistically, knowledge, additional education, and father's education variables were related significantly. The most dominant factor was High School student behavior about health reproduction which were father's education, father with high education prefer to have good behavior children 9,4 times than father with low education. It is concluded that High School students behavior about health reproduction on Banda Aceh City was low risk behavior category. To prevent this behavior increase to high risk it is recommended to add health reproduction mater at school especially to increase the student's knowledge. To the parents it is hoped that they could teach health reproduction as early as possible. To the teenagers itself, it is hoped to keep culture and religion based on religion line.
Population and family planning development makes serious effort to improvethe quality and control the quantity of Indonesians. Data (Susenas, 2015) show thenumber of contraceptive use decreased from 61.75% by 2014 to 59.98% by 2015, inline with the improvement of unmet need for contraception from 10.98% by 2014 to15.8% by 2016 (SRPJMN, 2016). Unmet need for contraception is an inconsistency ofcontraceptive requirement or known in this research as type 1 unmet need. Besides thetype 1 unmet need there is type 2 unmet need that is mismatch of contraception usage.This study aims to know factors related to type 1 unmet need and type 2 unmet need forcontraception of family planning in West Sumatra Province. This was a study using datafrom National Mid-Term Development Plan Survey (SRPJMN) of West Sumatra for theyear 2017. We used the multinomial logistic regression to analyze the data for 1,180couples of reproductive age. The categories of dependent variable were type 1 unmetneed, type 2 unmet need, and met need. Independent variables consists of predisposingfactors and supporting factors. The results show the majority (58.5%) of subjects aged >35 years, number of children ≤ 2 (57.7%), and living in rural area (60.9%). Theproportion of type 2 unmet need (29.7%) is higher than type 1 unmet need (22.2%). Themultivariate analysis shows that variables related to type 1 unmet need were residence(OR = 1.4), counseling (OR = 4.2), education (1.7), and family planning health workervisit (OR = 0.6). While variables related to type 2 unmet need were residence (OR =1.4) and counseling (OR = 3.2). The most dominant variable associated with type 1unmet need and type 2 unmet need was counseling. Recommendations are addressed tofamily planning health workers in order to improve quality in family planning services,collaborate with religious leaders and community leaders to commit effectivecounseling so it can improve the needs of contraception and rational use of familyplanning.Keywords: type 1 unmet need, type 2 unmet need, family planning, RPJMN, WestSumatra.
