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Geographical is one risk factor of hypertension , islands regions exposed to morerisky hypertension compared mountainous regions . Kepulauan Seribuconstituting the district administration of jakarta province of indonesia , whoseentire region in the form of small islands .Characteristic of a disease in KepulauanSeribu began experiencing shift with dominated with degenerative diseases .Inadministrative districts Kepulauan Seribu sufferers of hypertension increased in2012 with the percentage 8.03 % become 15.6 % in 2013 .The purpose of researchis to know the relationship habits of consumption of foods high in salt withhypertension after scene controlled with confounding variables (stress , physicalactivity , smoking , the consumption of alcohol , age , sexes , education , work ,and family history) on the Pulau Panggang and Pulau Pramukan KabupatenAdministrasi Kepulauan Seribu on 2016. The study is done on the PulauPanggang and Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu Utara in february 2016. Theresearch uses design cross sectional study, data collection is done with simplerandom sampling through interviews with on 176 the respondents from ≥40 years.The results of this study found some 55.1 % respondents in the Pulau Panggangand Pulau Pramuka in 2016 suffers from hypertension, on respondentsnormotensi, 66,7 % him have a habit of food consumption high salt not every dayof 35,2 % have a habit of food consumption high salt every day. The logisticsregression show the relation between a meaningful food consumption in the highsalt hypertension after controlled variable stress and physical activity ( p value =.05, CI 95% = 2,02-10,04). Habit of food consumption high salt every day is a riskof hypertension, this risk increase if not doing activities physical and stress.Key word: Hypertension, lifestyle, islands, Kepulauan Seribu, habit of foodconsumption high salt
ABSTRAK
Pemberian ASI eksklusif merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan, tidak diberi makanan atau minuman tambahan apapun sejak lahir sampai usia 6 bulan. Capaian ASI eksklusif di Propinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2009 mencapai 58,7%. Sedangkan capaian cakupan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi di Kepulauan Seribu pada tahun 2009 sebesar 46%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif di Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa tahun 2011. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan respondennya seluruh populasi ibu-ibu yang memiliki bayi umur 6-18 bulan sebanyak 35 responden.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa menggunakan chi-square dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada variabel yang dominan dan berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan. Adanya faktor lain yang mempengaruhi ibu khususnya peran aktif dari kader-kader PKK dan seluruh jajaran Pemerintahan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu serta tingginya kepedulian masyarakatnya. Dengan penelitian ini maka disarankan bagi Kementerian Kesehatan untuk membuat kebijakan serta pelatihan pemberdayaan masyarakat terus menerus khususnya bagi kader-kader kesehatan dan petugas kesehatan agar perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan semakin meningkat.
Abstract
The exclusive breastfeeding is the one of the clean living and healthy behaviors (PHBS). It is defined as to give breastfeeding only to the babies, without giving any additional foods or beverages from birth until age 6 months. The achievement of the exclusive breastfeeding in the DKI Jakarta and Kepulauan Seribu had reached 58.7% and 46% in 2009. The objective of this study is to determine the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding behavior in the Kepulauan Untung Jawa Village in 2011. The methods of this study is used a quantitative data research by using questionnaires. It collects 35 respondents which are the entire population of mothers who had babies aged 6-18 months. Then the data will be analysed by chi-square and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression). The findings showed that there is no significant variable related with exclusive breastfeeding behaviors of 0-6 month?s babies. But there are other factors that related to breastfeeding in particular such as the active role of PKK cadres, the community, and all levels of government in The Kepulauan Seribu Districts. The suggestion from this study is that the Ministry of Health should develop policies and training for community empowerment, especially to strengthen the health cadres and health workers to improve the number of exclusive breastfeeding.
Kata kunci: Penatalaksanaan DM, Kepatuhan diet, Lokus Kendali Diri Untuk Sehat
According to WHO, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that have been concerned as public health problem because of the number of cases continuously increased for decades and contributed 4,2 million deaths in 2019 where the largest proportion are people with type 2 diabetes. In Indonesia, DM is one of the non-communicable disease that cause major death. Diet is one of the important components of DM management to prevent disease complications. Adherence to diet becomes a very important behavior and requires self control to perform it. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between health locus of control on internal, powerful others and chance dimensions with dietary adherence among patients with type 2 DM at Depok City Hospital in 2020 along with another influencing factors. This study used a cross-sectional design with quantitative approach and data collection carried out through convenience sampling on 52 patients with type 2 DM who visited internist poly. The instrument used in this study are dietary adherence questionnaire, multidimensional health locus of control form C, diabetes knowledge questionnaire and questionnaire from the previous research. The results of this study indicate that patients have adequate dietary adherence values of 66,23 from scale of 100. Pearson correlation test results indicate that there are a significant relationship between health locus of control internal dimension with moderate and positive relationship with dietary adherence (r= 0,46) followed by powerful-others dimension which show moderate and positive relationship with dietary adherence (r= 0,28) while chance dimension show moderate and negative relationship with dietary adherence (r= -0,28). The other variables such as age, level of education, occupation, duration of DM and knowledge did not show a significant relationship with dietary adherence. However, sex variables show a significant relationship with dietary adherence with p value (0,029) and thought to be a disturbing variable of the relationship between health locus of control with dietary adherence. Therefore, an intervention and education are needed to increase awareness and patient responsibility towards adherence to diet.
Key words: Diabetes Self-Care Behaviour, Dietary Adherence, Health locus of control
Diabetes Mellitus merupakan suatu penyakit kronik yang yang prevalensinya akan meningkat sebagai akibat dari transisi epidemiologi yang sedang berlangsung. Transisi epidemiologi berpenganth terhadap pola penyebab kematian. Permasalahan kesehatan akan bergeser dari masalah-masalah organobiologis menjadi masalah yang berbasis perilaku. Melihat adanya kecenderungan prevalensi DM di berbagai daerah, terutama di kota-kota besar akibat peningkatan kemakmuran, perubahan gaya hidup dan bertambahnya usia harapan hidup maka, dapat dipahami bila dimasa yang akan datang akan berkembang menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian di Indonesia. Merujuk pada hasil survei atau penelitian di bidang penyakit tidak menular angka prevalensi diabetes melitus mengalami peningkatan yang cukup bemakna, hasil SICRT tahtm 2003 menunjukkan angka sebesar 14,7 % di perkotaan dan 7,2 % pedesaaan, yang berarti DM merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup serius di masa rnendatang. Diabetesi yang memiliki pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan yang memadai tentang standar diet yang tepat sena mengaplikasikannya dalam diet sehari-hari maka berat badan dan kadar glukosa darahnya dapat dikendalikan dengan baik sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya komplikasi lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui informasi yang mendalam tentang pengetahuan, persepsi, sikap, miotivasi diabetesi tipe 2 dalarn melaksanakan terapi dietnya dan peranan, dukungan dari keluarga serta tenaga kesehatan di RSUD Sekanvangi tahun 2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik FGD dan wawancara mendalam. Informan seluruhnya berjumlah 61 orang, terdiri dari 53 informan diabetesi , 4 orang informan keluarga diabetesi dan 4 orang informan petugas kesehatan. Hasil penelitian rnenunjukkan, pengetahuan informan tentang penyebab DM, gejala DM., pen.gobatan DM, tujuan diet DM, pengertian gula darah, nilai normal gula darah, dan cara mengendalikan gula darah sudah cukup baik. Hal ini disebabkan intbrman penderita sudah cukup mendapatkan intbrmasi dari berbagai surnber baik raisalnya tenaga kesehatan, majalah kesehatan, tv dan teman yang sudah mempunyai pengalaman. Informan dengan kadar glukosa darah tidak terkendali tidak merasakan ancaman apapun apabila mereka tidak melaksanakan diet. Informan dengan kadar glukosa darah terkendali merasakan akan ada ancaman apabila mereka tidak melaksanakan diet, hal ini dikarenakan komplikasi yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit tersebut tidak cepat dirasakan oleh penderita. Beberapa hal yang dapat disarankan untuk penanganan diabetes tipe 2 di RSUD Sekarwangi diantaranya, pernbentukan tim edukator 1DM, tim asuhan gizi, penyuluhan terpadu, klinik diabetes terpadu, kerjasama dengan dinas kesehatan dalarn hal ini puskesmas dan melakukan kunjungan rumah.
Diabetes mellitus is chronic disease that prevalence always increases as consequence from epidemiology transition and health transition in progress. Epidemiology transition will affect death came pattern. Health issues will shift from oranobiology issues into behavior basis problems. Perceive DM prevalence trend in various country, especially in big cities as consequence of prosperity improvement, lifestyle change and increasing lifespan, so that perceivable if in future period will developed as one of the main disease cause and death in Indonesia. SKRT in 2003 has found rural 14,7 % and urban 7,2 % that means DM is seriously problem. DM patient that has knowledge, attitude and adequate ability toward exact diet standard and implementing it everyday subsequently weight and blood glucose level could controlled properly so that could prevent further complication. Research objective is recognize significant information toward knowledge, perception, attitude and motivation of DM type 2 patient in performing diet therapy and role, support from family and health force at RSUD Sekarwangi year 2007. This research using qualitative method with Discussion Group focuses technique and significant interview. Total informants are 61 people; consist of 53 patient informants, 4 patient family informants and 4 health officer informants. Research result shows that knowledge of patient informant toward DM causes, DM symptoms, DM medications, DM diet purposes, blood sugar interpretation, blood sugar normal value and controlling blood sugar is quite good. It because of patient informant has obtained enough information from various sources such as health officer, health magazine, TV and experienced friends. Informant with uncontrolled blood sugar level does not feel any threat if they are implementing the diet. Informant with controlled blood sugar level does feel threat if they are not implementing the diet. It caused by complication that appear from the disease not felt by patients. Several things that suggested for DM type 2 patient treatments at RSUD Sekarwangi concerning education team, nutritional team, DM clinics, give first-rate service besides in hospital and conduct house visit.
