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Kata kunci : waktu boarding, manajemen tempat tidur, lean thinking
The implementation of the National Health Insurance Program (Program JKN) affects the increased number of patients to emergency unit and boarding patients that resulting crowding in the emergency unit. Koja Hospital has implemented bed management in order to reduce the boarding time of emergency unit patients but has not succeeded, so an effort to help reducing the boarding time of emergency unit patients to inpatient in order to continuous improvement was done using the lean thinking principle. This research uses operational research method and intervention with PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle. The study revealed that lean thinking approach could reduce the boarding time of emergency unit patients to hospitalization from the average of 4 hours 45 minutes 18 seconds (34.92%) to 3 hours 25 minutes 59 seconds (68.25%) and decrease the activity of non value added at 2.02% (from 93.16% to 91.14%). Eight types of waste identified can be eliminated except waiting. In order to continuous improvement, bed management should be set as standardized work for the goal of average boarding time of 1 hour 45 minutes 45 seconds with non value added activities less than 89.83% in the future.
Key words : boarding time, bed management, lean thinkin
Kata kunci: AIDS; HIV; Implementasi Kebijakan; Kota Tangerang;
PPIA PMTCT is part of a series of HIV and AIDS control efforts. The ultimate goal is that infants born to mothers with HIV are released from HIV, and mothers and infants remain alive and well. Currently with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 43 of 2016 on Minimum Service Standards (MSP) of the health sector for the District / City explicitly states that everyone is at risk of HIV infection (pregnant women, TB patients, STI patients, transgender, drug users, and prisoners) get standard HIV testing with 100% achievement targets. This target is quite heavy when looking at data PMTCT achievement during this time is still very low. Regular data of Tangerang City Health Office in 2017, coverage of first antenatal visit to health worker of Tangerang City has reached 100% but the number of pregnant women tested by HIV is only 4,230 people or only 10% (SIHA, 2017). Therefore, the researcher conducted analysis of policy implementation of Prevention of Mother to Child of HIV Transmission (PMTCT) to get in-depth information how the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City 2017. This research is a qualitative research with data collection technique in depth interview and focus group discussion. Triangulation of sources is done by comparing data obtained from one informant with another informant. The study of the documents produced, as well as the literature study done as a comparison to the information that has been obtained. The results showed that the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City in 2017 still not in accordance with the policy in PMTCT Program Management Guidelines and Implementation Guidelines of PMTCT, so that the output has not depicted the implementation of PMTCT as a whole. Communication factors are factors that affect implementation, especially communication with clinics, private hospitals and independent midwives. Resource factors, especially facilities, need to be considered for the distribution of reagents and RDT not only in puskesmas but also to private health care facilities. Disposition factors, especially the commitment to Tangerang City Hospital is able to become a reference hospital PPIA. Bureaucratic structural factors need to be established cross-program / cross-sectoral teams in PPIA services joining HIV topics, as well as strengthening the recording and reporting of independent midwives on indicators of pregnant women tested for HIV and HIV-positive pregnant women. Socio-economic conditions support PMTCT services with a free health insurance program through Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for all citizens of Tangerang City. However, there are still stigma and discrimination that can prevent pregnant women from testing HIV.
Key words: AIDS; HIV; PMTCT; policy implementation; Tangerang City
ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui pngaruh waktu tinggal terhadap kematian Calon Jemaah Haji Indonesia (CJHI) reguler periode Armina dan pasca Armina usia 40 tahun keatas pada tahun 1427 H. Metode Penelitian: Disain studi yang digunakan adalah desain studi analitik rancangan kohort retrospektif yaitu melakukan pengamatan obyek penelitian CJHI reguler usia 40 tahun keatas selama kurang lebih 68 hari mulai dari kedatanagan pertama kali (kloter pertama) di Arab Saudi (27 November 2006) hingga berakhirnya aktivitas jamaah haji pada tahun 1427 H (2 Februari 2007). Hasil penelitian: Walctu tinggal berpengaruh secara konsisten terhadap terjadinya kematian. Hasil uji rnenunjukkan konsistensi sesuai dengan Jose respons semakin singkat waktu tinggalnya semakin tinggi risiko untuk mengalami kematian. Dengan demikian CJHl yang memiliki waktu tinggal yang singkat berisiko terkena kematian seiring dengan tingkat kesingkatan waktu tinggalnya. Artinya kelompok jemaah yang haji tiba di tanah paling akhir adalah kelompok yang berisiko mengalami kematian paling tinggi. Mortality risk CJHI rcguler periode Armina dan pasca Armina usia 40 tahun ke atas pada tahun 1427 H sebesar 3.4%.
