Abstrak: Filariasis atau kaki gajah ialah penyakit menular menahun yang disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing filaria dan ditularkan melalui gigitan berbagai jenis nyamuk. Penularan filariasis terjadi bila terdapat sumber penular yaitu manusia dan hewan (hospes), parasit (cacing filaria), vektor yaitu nyamuk yang infektif, manusia yang rentan, serta kondisi lingkungan yang sangat potensial untuk perkembang-biakan vektor, perilaku masyarakat yang berisiko lebih sering kontak dengan nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor risiko lingkungan dan dinamika penularan dengan kejadian filariasis. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian Analitik observasional dengan desain case-control menggunakan pendekatan study retrospektif yaitu untuk menganalisis efek penyakit atau status kesehatan pada saat ini dan mengukur besar faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian filariasis pada masa yang lalu. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 126 responden, dengan perbandingan kasus : kontrol (1:2), dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan observasi. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan Keberadaan rawa (P:0,000;OR:5,200), Keberadaan sawah (P:0,041;OR:8,200), Keberadaan hutan semak (P:0,001;OR:6,460), Jenis Pekerjaan (P:0,000;OR:9,500), Tingkat Pengetahuan (P:0,000; OR:5,399), Kebiasaan keluar rumah malam hari (P:0,000;OR:7,300), Kebiasaan memakai obat anti nyamuk (P:0,004;OR:3,300), Kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu (P:0,000;OR:7,045), Keberadaan vektor (P:0,000;OR:7,263), dengan kejadian Filariasis, dan pada uji regresi logistic menunjukan faktor risiko paling signifikan Keberadaan hutan semak (P:0,002;OR:48,700), Jenis Pekerjaan (P:0,004;OR:39,919), Tingkat Pengetahuan (P:0,013;OR:11,206), Kebiasaan Keluar rumah malam hari (P:0,040;OR: 5,833), Kebiasaan memakai obat anti nyamuk (P:0,005;OR:10,680), dan Keberadaan vektor (P:0,005;OR:12,036) dengan kejadian Filariasis. Kesimpulan ada hubungan faktor risiko lingkungan dan dinamika penularan dengan kejadian Filariasis, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan dengan mengurangi faktor risiko dan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang upaya promosi dan pencegahan penularan filariasis. Kata kunci: Filariasis, faktor risiko lingkungan, sosial, budaya, dinamika penularan, Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Filariasis or elephantiasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worm infection and is transmitted through the bite of various types of mosquitoes. Transmission of filariasis occurs when there is a transmitting source of humans and animals (the host), parasites (filari worms), vectors of infective mosquitoes, vulnerable humans, and potential environmental conditions for vector breeding, risky behavior of peoples more frequent contacts With mosquitoes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the environmental risk factors and the dynamics of transmission with filariasis incidence. This research method is observational analytic research with case-control design using retrospective study approach that is to analyze the effect of disease or health status at this time and measure big risk factor which have influence to filariasis incident in the past. The sample counted 126 respondents, with case comparison: control (1: 2), conducted by interview and observation. Chi-square test (P: 0,041, OR: 5,200), Presence of paddy field (P: 0,041, OR: 8,200), Presence of paddy field (P: 0,001, OR: 6,460), Type of Work (P: 0.000; OR: 9,500), Knowledge Level (P: 0,000; OR: 5,399), Nighttime out habits (P: 0,000; OR: 7,300), Habits of using anti-mosquito (P: 0,004; OR: 3,300), Habit (P: 0,000; OR: 7,045), presence of vector (P: 0,000; OR: 7,263), with occurrence of filariasis, and on logistic regression test showed the most significant risk factor Presence of bush forest (P: 0,002; OR: 48,700) (P: 0,004; OR: 39,919), Knowledge Level (P: 0,013; OR: 11,206), Night Out Habits (P: 0,040; OR: 5,833), Habits of using mosquito repellent (P: 0,005; OR: 10,680), and the presence of a vector (P: 0.005; OR: 12,036) with filariasis occurrence. Conclusion there is a relationship of environmental risk factors and the dynamics of transmission with filariasis occurrence, so it is necessary to do prevention efforts by reducing risk factors and education to the public about the promotion and prevention of filariasis transmission. Keywords: filariasis, environmental risk factors, social, culture, dynamics of transmission,Kubu Raya West Kalimantan.

Abstrak:

Environmental factors in connection with the TB Lung BTA (+) (case control study) in the city of Jambi 2000-2001As a living place, house is one of key basic need of human beings. A live able and healthy house is very important for people; a healthy one should fulfill health requirements such as physiological need, contagious disease and accident prevention. A sufficient lighting is a vital need of human in a cleaning house. The contagion of tuberculosis disease has tight relation to ventilation and lighting in the house. A house which doesn't have enough ventilation, a lack of lighting gives the bacteria an opportunity to breed, if there is a patient of tuberculosis in it, so it eases the contagion to other people living in it. TB Lungs Disease is still a problem of health; the generation of TB Lungs derives from contribution of some physical environment of house and respondents characteristics. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that is generated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis germs; they usually enter the human body system via respiration to the lungs. The TB patients are much founded in unhealthy settlement, and lack of lighting and ventilation one that is under the health requirement. The objective of this research is to recognize the risk of contribution factors of physical environment of house and respondent characteristic toward TB Lungs patients in the city of Jambi. The methods of research design the control case. The samples were taken proportionally from 7 (seven) referred microscopic public health center (puskesmas), with 50 cases and 100 controls. The data are analyzed to verify hypotheses with univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses phase. Independent research variables for respondents characteristics; age, gender, length of living, nutrition grade, knowledge, and physical factors of house: ventilation, crowd of settlement, humidity, and lighting. The result of research shows respondents in Referred Microscopic Public Health Center (PRM); Pakuan Baru 26 % and 19 % controls, Putri Ayu 22% cases and 20% controls, Simpang Kawat 22% cases and 11 % controls. While PRM ; Koni, Simpang IV Sipin, Tanjung Pinang, and Olak Kemang 30% and 59 % controls. The result of bivariate analyses show the length of living, nutrition grade, knowledge, ventilation, crowd of settlement, bedroom and living room lighting, that statistically have significant connection for the appearance of TB Lungs with Odd Ratio 2.7 value (p3.021), 2.6 (p:1.008), 3.9 (p=0.001), 4.6 (p=4.0000) 3.S(p=0.000). 3.3(p).001), and 2.3 (p=0.015). From the result of multivariate analyses it is proved that house ventilation is the most contributed variable that arranges room temperature quality for the appearance of TB Lungs, statistically it shows significant relation p < 0.05 with Odd Ration 8.8 (p=0.000). It is suggested that a healthy house program should be promoted based on environment to perish TB Lungs. The renovation of TB Lungs patient, mostly, by building windows and glass made roof utilization and also performing intensive information spreading about tuberculoses disease knowledge through direct or indirect information sharing.

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