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Indonesia teritory geographically is a disaster-prone area. In the event of a disasterthere will usually be certain infectious diseases that arise and have increasedbeyond normal limits in communities affected by the disaster. In the end it can becategorized as a public health emergency. Community is the first to directly dealwith the threat and disaster. Preparedness in community will determines the sizeof the impact of disasters on communities. Indonesia as a developing country haveurban and rural areas that different from the aspect of development, governmentand geography. The potential difference aspects certainly affect the possibility ofdifferences also in terms of community preparedness in the face of public healthemergencies and disasters. The purpose of this study was to determine aboutcommunity preparedness in urban and rural communities in Indonesia, which inthis study took a sample in Kampung Makasar-East Jakarta and Desa Campaka-Cianjur that were selected based on the consideration that the two regions areequally harmful for any problems public health emergencies both in terms ofdisaster as well as an increase in cases of the disease. This study uses acombination of quantitative methods (descriptive analysis data based on anassessment of the preparedness of community that combines elements of DesaSiaga Aktif and Desa Tangguh Bencana) and qualitative methods (in-depthinterviews, review of documents). The results of this study reveal that there areany differences in preparedness in rural and urban communities. In urban areas,the percentage of community preparedness is 62.3%, while in rural areas is 41.3%.Almost all of 20 indicators meet in existence and also vary between rural andurban areas. Points are still lacking is the implementation and performanceindicators were not as expected as it should be. The cause of the most strikingdifference between the results of the structural differences in rural and urbanareas, accessibility, funding and knowledge society. It is necessary for thesupervise of the stakeholders (in this research are health centers, the governmentin rural and urban)Keywords: community preparedness, public health emergency, rural, urban.
ABSTRAK Peran kader kesehatan sebagai ujung tombak di bidang kesehatan sudah mulai menurun ditandai dengan pemanfaatan posyandu hanya sebesar 13% dan 14% kategori posyandu Purnama dan Mandiri . Sehingga dilakukan penelitian untuk analisis hubungan peran kader pada UKBM di posyandu berdasarkan 2 (dua) kriteria yakni kriteria kontekstual kelurahan dan kriteria Malcolm Baldrige, untuk mendapatkan dari sisi mana dari keduanya yang dapat mempercepat peningkatan peran kader kesehatan. Penelitian dengan 159 kader dari 32 posyandu. Uji yang digunakan dengan Chi Square untuk melihat hubungan yang ada pada 7 (tujuh) kriteria kontekstual kelurahan dan 7 (tujuh) kriteria Malcolm Baldrige. Kemudian Analisis Regresi Linier Ganda digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara satu variabel dengan beberapa variabel terkait sesuai dengan tujuan dan kerangka konsep. Hasilnya, dari beberapa uji hubungan antara tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dengan tingkat kematangan masyarakat, tingkat kematangan dengan tingkat kendali masyarakat, tingkat kendali masyarakat dengan kader sebagai agent of changes, kader sebagai agent of changes dengan motif keberdayaan, motif keberdayaan dengan kepemilikan masyarakat dalam upaya pembangunan, kesemuanya memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara kedua variabel. Sedangkan variabel keterlibatan berbagai stakeholders memiliki hubungan yang signifikan atas tingkat partisipasi, peran kader sebagai agent of changes, kepemilikan masyarakat dalam upaya pembangunan, dan tingkat kematangan keberdayaan. Pada kriteria Malcolm Baldrige ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepemimpinan dengan rencana strategis dan desain program sesuai kebutuhan. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Kepemimpinan, desain program sesuai kebutuhan, manajemen pelayanan dan kapasitas SDM dengan fokus pada hasil. Peningkatan peran kader pada UKBM dalam program gizi dan KIA diperlukan pembenahan Pokja (kelompok Kerja) yang telah dibentuk untuk lebih mempertegas kembali tugas pokok dan fungsi lintas sektor terkait, sehingga dapat terlaksana dengan baik peran kader kesehatan dalam program gizi dan KIA.
ABSTRACT The role of health as a vanguard cadre of health has begun to decline marked by posyandu utilization of only 13% and 14% posyandu Purnama and Mandiri categories. So the research on the analysis of the role of volunteers in UKBM in posyandu by 2 (two) criteria and the criteria of contextual urban Malcolm Baldrige criteria, to get from which side of the two that can accelerate the increase in the role of health cadres. Study with 159 volunteers from 32 posyandu. Test used by Chi Square to see the relationships that exist in the 7 (seven) villages contextual criteria and 7 (seven) Malcolm Baldrige criteria. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis then used to examine the relationship between the variables associated with some variables in accordance with the objectives and conceptual framework. The result, of some of the test the relationship between the level of community participation with the maturity level, the level of maturity to the level of community control, level control society as an agent of changes cadres, cadres as the motive agent of changes to the empowerment, empowerment motif with local ownership in development, all of which have a significant relationship between the two variables. While the involvement of various stakeholders variables have a significant relationship on the level of participation, the role of volunteers as agents of changes, the ownership of development efforts, and the maturity level of empowerment. In the Malcolm Baldrige criteria no significant relationship between leadership and strategic planning and program design as needed. There is a significant relationship between leadership, program design as needed, service management and capacity building with a focus on results. Enhancing the role of volunteers in UKBM nutrition and MCH programs needed revamping Working Group (working group) which has been formed to further reaffirm the basic tasks and functions across relevant sectors, so that they can perform well in the role of health cadres nutrition and MCH programs.
Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Praktek, JKN, BPJS
This research studies Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Universal Health Coverage (JKN) of Public Health Bachelors Study Program in Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia in 2014. Using quantitative method with cross sectional design, this research collects data from 100 students as respondents. As a result, respondents as low knowledge (58%), unfavourable attitude (57%), and low practice (65%) about Universal Health Coverage (JKN). There is no correlation between knowledge and attitude (p-value = 0,381). However, there is correlation between knowledge and practice (p value = 0,004), also there is correlation between attitude and practice (p value = 0,006). This research suggests Students Organization and BPJS to socialize Universal Health Coverage massively to students. Beside, advanced research is needed to know the reason why knowledge, attitude, and practice of Public Health Bachelors Study Program in Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia about Universal Health Coverage (JKN) 2014 are low.
Keywords: knowledge, atiitude, practice, JKN, BPJS
Hasil penelitian diketahui tenaga kesehatan layak disebut sebagai sebuah profesi kesehatan sesuai dengan konten kebijakan. Uji kompetensi yang dilaksanakan tidak melanggar konten kebijakan sepanjang uji kompetensi yang dilaksanakan pada ranah profesi bukan syarat kelulusan (exit exam). Solusi STR bagi tenaga kesehatan masyarakat yang lulus sebelum peraturan ini ditetapkan dapat mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 46 Tahun 2013. Secara teoritis pemisahan kesehatan lingkungan dari kelompok kesehatan masyarakat tidak ditemukan dalam literatur.
Regulations on health workers have been scattered in various laws and regulations, therefore made the Act. No. 36 of 2014 on the comprehensive regulating Health Manpower. As a profession that has been established by law requires public health workers to implement what is saved according to the content / content of the policy. The content of policies related to public health personnel, among others, the obligation to register before doing the profession praxis in the community and to take the competency exam as a condition of registration of the registration which later on is given the Registration Certificate (STR). In addition, the policy has also separated the environmental health of public health personnel groups. Therefore, the researcher is interested to conduct policy evaluation especially to policy content related to public health worker. The evaluation of the contents of this policy was dissected using retrospective analysis compared to real conditions of public health personnel in the field, related policy review literature, theories about public health sciences and the views of public health experts. The result of the research is known that health workers deserve to be called as a health profession in accordance with policy content. The competency test carried out does not violate the policy content during the competency test conducted in the professional field not the exit exam. STR solutions for public health personnel who pass before this regulation is set up can refer to Minister of Health Regulation No. 46 of 2013. Theoretically the separation of environmental health from public health groups is not found in the literature.
