Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), yaitu berat lahir di bawah 2500 gram, masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena dampaknya yang besar terhadap kematian bayi serta pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara pola makan ibu (non vegetarian dan vegetarian) serta faktor maternal lainnya, seperti status gizi sebelum hamil, kenaikan berat badan gestasional, paritas, jarak kehamilan, tingkat pendidikan, frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan (ANC), konsumsi suplemen, dan frekuensi konsumsi makanan yang meliputi makanan pokok, protein hewani, protein nabati terhadap kejadian BBLR di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional yang melibatkan 122 responden dan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner serta food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana berbagai jenis diet dan kondisi ibu mempengaruhi risiko terjadinya BBLR. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2025 dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi BBLR di Indonesia sebesar 5,7%, dengan proporsi ibu vegetarian 8,3% dan non vegetarian 5,1%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel jenis diet (p-value 0,623), frekuensi konsumsi makanan pokok (p-value 0,272), frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani (p-value 0,751), frekuensi konsumsi protein nabati (p-value 0,113), frekuensi konsumsi sayur (p-value 0,468), frekuensi konsumsi buah (p-value 0,086), status gizi pra hamil ibu (p-value 0,941), kenaikan berat badan gestasional (p-value 0,707), jarak kehamilan (p-value 1), paritas (p-value 0,709), frekuensi ANC (p-value 1), pendidikan terakhir ibu (p-value 0,65), dan konsumsi suplemen (p-value 0,555). 1)        Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis diet, frekuensi konsumsi makanan pokok per hari, frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani per hari, frekuensi konsumsi protein nabati, frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari,  frekuensi konsumsi buah per hari, status gizi pra hamil ibu, kenaikan berat badan gestasional, jarak kehamilan, paritas, frekuensi ANC, pendidikan terakhir ibu, dan konsumsi suplemen terhadap terjadinya BBLR.Diharapkan peneliti selanjutnya dapat meneliti faktor lain seperti usia, pengetahuan gizi, status ekonomi, stres, kesehatan ibu sebelum dan selama kehamilan, dan aktivitas fisik karena didukung secara teori berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR. Selain itu dapat meneliti variabel jenis diet dengan kejadian BBLR dengan proposi sampel yang lebih proporsional.

Low birth weight (LBW), defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams, remains a significant public health concern due to its considerable impact on infant mortality and long-term growth dan development outcomes. This study aims to examine the relationship between maternal dietary patterns (non-vegetarian and vegetarian) and other maternal factors such as pre-pregnancy nutritional status, gestational weight gain, parity, interpregnancy interval, education level, frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits, supplement intake, and food consumption frequency, including staple foods, animal protein, plant-based protein on the incidence of LBW in Indonesia. This research uses a cross-sectional design involving 122 respondents, data were collected through structured questionnaires and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The study was conducted from March to May 2025 using purposive sampling. The results showed a LBW prevalence of 5.7% in Indonesia, with prevalence rates of 8.3% among vegetarian mothers and 5.1% among non-vegetarian mothers. Bivariate analysis revealed no statistically significant associations between LBW incidence and dietary type (p = 0.623), frequency of staple food consumption (p = 0.272), animal protein intake (p = 0.751), plant-based protein intake (p = 0.113), vegetable intake (p = 0.468), fruit intake (p = 0.086), pre-pregnancy nutritional status (p = 0.941), gestational weight gain (p = 0.707), interpregnancy interval (p = 1), parity (p = 0.709), ANC visit frequency (p = 1), maternal education level (p = 0.650), and supplement consumption (p = 0.555). It can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the type of diet, frequency of staple food consumption per day, frequency of animal protein consumption per day, frequency of plant-based protein consumption, frequency of vegetable consumption per day, frequency of fruit consumption per day, maternal pre-pregnancy nutritional status, gestational weight gain, pregnancy interval, parity, frequency of antenatal care visits, maternal education level, and supplement intake with the incidence of low birth weight. Future researchers are encouraged to explore other factors such as age, nutritional knowledge, economic status, stress, maternal health before and during pregnancy, as well as physical activity, as these are theoretically associated with the occurrence of low birth weight. Additionally, further research may examine the relationship between the type of diet and low birth weight with a more proportionally distributed sample.