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Latar Belakang Menurut WHO diseluruh dunia ada sekitar 10 jula kasus bam kanker dengan lebih dan 6 juta kematian setiap tahunnya. Angka tersebut meningkat bila dibandingkan dengan dua dekade yang sebeiumnya, dimana dilaporkan 6 juta kasus kanker baru dengan jumlah kematian 4 juta orang (WHO, 2002). Di Indonesia kecenderungan peningkatan jumlah kasus dan kematian karena kanker juga meningkat, dari hasil Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) 1992 kanker merupakan penyebab kematian dengan urutan ke 9 dari 10 penyebab kematian utama yang ada dan pada hasil SKRT 2002 dilaporkan kanker menempati urutan ke 5 sebagai penyebab kematian (Depkes. 2002). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bermjuan untuk mengetahui faktor~faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya kematian pasien ravwxt inap kanker payudara di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta yang meninggal pada tahun 1999 sampai dengan 2005 Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kontrol dengan jmnlah sampel keselumhan 201, jumlah sampel kasus 67 dan kontroi 134 (perbandingan I:2). Kasus adalah pasien rawat inap kanker payudara RSPN-CM yang meninggal dari tahun 1999- 2005 dan kontrol adalah pasien rawat inap kanker payudara RSPN-CM yang tidak meninggal dari tahun 1999-2004. Variabel penelitian adalah faktor prognosis tumor yang terdiri dari stadium, ukuran tumor, residiIQ metastase, faktor kelengkapan terapi, faktor prognosis penderita yang terdiri dari usia, jenis pembayaran dan jenis pekerjaan. Hasil: Pekerjaan pasien kanker payudara berhubungan bermakna secara statistisk OR 3,52 (95%CI 1,66-7,42). Faktor tumor stadium (OR=ll,98 95%CI:4,64-30,91) dan metastase (OR:8,44 95% CI3,l8-22,4) berhubungan dengan kematian pasien kanker payudara Kelengkapan pengobatan (OR:3,82 95%CI 1,57-9,25) berhubungan dengan kematian pasien kanker payudara. Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini dapat disarankan bagi wanita yang mempunyai resiko untuk mengalami kanker payudara agar melakukan perneriksaan dini dan bagi penderita kanker payudara untuk melakukan pengobatan selengkap mungkin. Penyuluhan tentang faktor resiko kanker payudara, pengobatan yang akan dilakukan, waktu yang diperlukan untuk pengobatan kanker payudara merupakan salah satu cara mengurangi resiko untuk terjadinya kematian pasien kanker payudara.
Background: WHO (2002) state that in the world there are I0 million cancer new cases and more than 6 million death every years. This incidence was increased than two decade before where was reported 6 million cancer new cases and death 4 million people. ln Indonesia cancer cases and death caused cancer increase. Based of health household survey (SKRT) 1992, cancer is caused death at 9"' from 10 primary caused death and at health household survey (SKRT) 2002 reported that cancer is at 5°? caused death (Dcpkes. 2002). The objective: The objective of this research to know the related factors to breast cancer patient death at Dr Cipto Mangunkustuno Hospital Jakarta years] 999-2005 Method: The design of this research is case control design with 20| total samples that consist of 67 cases and 134 controls (l:2). Cases is breast cancer patient at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta yearsl999~2005 that were death. And control is breast cancer patient at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta yearsl999-2005 that were life. The variable of this research are patient factors consist of age, kind of payment, and job. Tumor factors are stage, the size, residual, metastasis and completing therapy factor. Result: The job of breast cancer patient related to death significant statistically, OR 3,52 (95%Cl 1,66-7,-42). Tumor factors are stage (OR=l 1,98 95%Cl:4,64»30,9l) and metastasis (OR:8,44 95% CI3,l8-22,4) related to death of breast cancer patient The completely therapy (OR:3,82 95%CI 1,57-9,25) related to death of breast cancer patient. Conclusion: In this research the job status, tumor stage, metastasis and completly therapy related to breast cancer patient death. Women with risk factors to breast cancer that is suggested to early examination and to breast cancer patient suggested to completely therapy. The campaign of risk factors breast cancer, the therapy procedure and time for therapy are some ways to decrease breast cancer patient death.
ABSTRAK Nama : Megawati Program Studi : Epidemiologi Judul : Kesintasan Pasien Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Keterlambatan Pengobatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Cipto Mangunkusumo Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. dr. Bambang Sutrisna, MHSc (Epidemiology) Abstrak Kanker payudara masih mendominasi penyakit kanker pada wanita di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo sebagai rumah sakit rujukan nasional dengan jumlah kasus terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Sebagian besar kasus ditemukan pada stadium lanjut dan mengalami keterlambatan pengobatan lebih dari 60 hari setelah didiagnosis. Keterlambatan pengobatan diduga berpengaruh terhadap kesintasan pasien kanker payudara. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan keterlambatan pengobatan dengan kesintasan pasien kanker payudara di RSCM. Desain studi penelitian adalah kohort retrospektif dengan mengamati 584 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengamatan dilakukan mulai dari 1 Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2017. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji logrank, dan multivariat dengan cox regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 584 pasien yang dianalisis ditemukan besarnya risiko terjadinya kematian sebesar 1,27 kali lebih cepat pada pasien yang mengalami keterlambatan pengobatan lebih dari 60 hari dibandingkan dengan pasien yang mendapatkan pengobatan kurang dari 60 hari (HR=1,27; 95%CI;0,99 – 1,64) setelah dikontrol stadium klinis, status pernikahan, dan status hormon reseptor estrogen. Perbedaan kesintasan antara pasien yang terlambat lebih dari 60 hari setelah didiagnosis adalah sebesar 7% pada tahun kelima. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterlambatan pengobatan lebih dari 60 hari setelah didiagnosis mempengaruhi kesintasan pasien kanker payudara sehingga pentingnya edukasi kepada pasien dan keluarga untuk tidak menunda pengobatan setelah didiagnosis. Kata kunci: keterlambatan pengobatan; kesintasan; kanker payudara
ABSTRACT Name : Megawati Study Program : Epidemiologi Title : Survival of Breast Cancer based on Delay treatment at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Counsellor : Prof. Dr. dr. Bambang Sutrisna, MHSc (Epidemiology) Breast cancer still dominates cancer in women in the world including in Indonesia. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as a national referral hospital with the number of cases continues to increase every year. Most of the cases were found at an advanced stage and experienced treatment delays more than 60 days after diagnosis. Treatment delays are thought to affect the survival of breast cancer patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the relationship of delayed treatment with survival of breast cancer patients at RSCM. The study design was a retrospective cohort by observing 584 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Observations were done from 1 January 2011 to December 2017. Data were analyzed univariat, bivariate with logrank test, and multivariate with cox regression. The results of the study showed that the 584 patients analyzed found that the risk of death was 1.27 times faster in patients who experienced treatment delay more than 60 days compared with patients who received treatment less than 60 days (HR = 1.27; 95% CI; 0,99 - 1.92) after controlled marital status, hormone receptor estrogen, and clinical stage. The difference in survival between their patients who were late more than 60 days after the diagnosis was 7% in the fifth year. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the delay of treatment influences survival of breast cancer patients so that the importance of education to the patient and family to immediately perform treatment after diagnosis. Keywords : Delay treatment; Survival; Breast Cancer
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of retrovirus that infects and damages immune cells in the body. This virus targets and multiplies within CD4 lymphocyte cells, weakening and eventually destroying the immune system. Untreated HIV leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is associated with opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, in 2022 there were 90,956 HIV cases with 28,501 deaths reported. Cancer is a common disease among HIV patients, who have a 50-200 times higher risk compared to healthy individuals, highlighting the need to reduce cancer incidence through efforts such as providing HIV counselling services, administering ART treatment, and screening for opportunistic infections. This study aims to identify factors associated with cancer incidence in PLHIV using medical record data from Dharmais Cancer Hospital. The research employs a cross-sectional study design. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods, with chi-square tests and prevalence ratios (95% CI) presented. Based on the analysis, significant associations were found between total CD4 count, gender, and opportunistic infections. At Dharmais Cancer Hospital, the relative risk (OR) for total CD4 <200 was 3.843 (95% CI 1.741-8.484), for total CD4 200-499 was 0.595 (95% CI 0.348-1.007), for female PLHIV was 0.447 (95% CI 0.271-0.738), and for PLHIV with opportunistic infections was 0.327 (95% CI 0.248-0.431).
This study uses cross sectional design which aims to obtain picture characteristics and the factors associated with the condition do not receive treatment with anti malaria program in Indonesia year 2007. Research with a quantitative study involving 14 229 subjects were drawn from the data Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2007. From multivariate analysis showed seven variables significantly associated. The variables are: gender, education, socioeconomic status, source of medical expenses, and travel time to the nearest health service, place and type of outpatient areas.
The COVID-19 pandemic situation has opened people's eyes to the importance of health, the increasing demand for health products has encouraged the logistics industry of PT X, which plays a role in the distribution of goods, to carry out overtime work to meet the high work intensity, this increases the risk of fatigue in the workplace which can reduce body function and have an impact on the health of workers and even the risk of errors in the workplace. Additionally, PT X lacks a fatigue risk management system, making it unable to do fatigue detection, thus this research aims to provide an overview of complaints and fatigue warehouse logistics workers at PT X year 2022, located in one of the DKI Jakarta region. Research design is a quantitative and qualitative with a cross-sectional study using questionnaire instruments, including the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), NASA Task Load Index (TLX), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which were then analyzed univariately and triangulated the data with the results of field interviews towards several workers and the coordinator of each team. The results showed that there were 20 workers (37.04%) experiencing light fatigue, the majority of the others (62.96%) did not experience any, and none with severe fatigue, as for the most dominant fatigue risk factor found is the workers' sleep quantity with the majority of workers (83.33%) having sleep duration below the standard of 7 hours minimum
