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ABSTRAK Nama : Denny Puri Apriyansyah Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Obat E-catalogue Untuk Mencegah Kekosongan Obat di RSUD Palembang BARI Obat merupakan bagian terpenting dalam pelayanan kesehatan, sehingga pemerintah berkewajiban menjamin ketersediaan, pemerataan dan keterjangkauan obat.Kebijakan pengadaan obat secara e-purchasing memiliki beberapa hambatan sehingga menyebakan terjadinya kekosongan obat di gudang farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor eksternal dan internal penyebab terjadinya stock out obat e-catalogue dan melakukan upaya pengendalian logistik menggunakan metode analisis ABC indeks kritis dan perhitungan Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan Re Order Point (ROP). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah riset operasional dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor eksternal yang menyebabkan terjadinya stock out antara lain ketersediaan obat belum optimal, kelemahan distribusi, proses approval yang lama dari pemasok, ketidaksesuaian harga antara sistem e-catalogue dan harga obat saat ini, lemahnya sanksi, keluhan perangkat lunak, dan koneksi jaringan, sedangkan kendala dari internal rumah sakit diantaranya kurangnya jumlah SDM, belum adanya kebijakan dan prosedur pengelolaan obat e-catalogue serta keterlambatan pembayaran kepada distributor. Upaya pengendalian persediaan obat e-catalogue melalui analisis ABC indeks kritis terdapat 11 item obat e-catalogue yang tergolong kelompok A, terdapat 71 item obat e-catalogue tergolong kelompok B, dan 270 item obat e-catalogue tergolong kelompok C. Berdasarkan metode EOQ didapatkan jumlah pemesanan optimum obat e-catalogue kelompok A berjumlah mulai dari 42 – 5090 unit. Berdasarkan metode ROP dengan mempertimbangkan safety stock diperoleh titik pemesanan kembali untuk kelompok A mulai dari 1038 – 30240 unit. Kata kunci : e-purchasing, e-catalogue , stock out, analisis ABC, EOQ, ROP
ABSTRACT Nama : Denny Puri Apriyansyah Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Inventory Control Analysis of E-catalogue Drug to Prevent Stock Out at Palembang BARI Hospital in 2016 Drugs are the most important part of health care, so the government is obliged to ensure the availability, equity and affordability of medicines. The e-purchasing drug procurement policy has several obstacles, causing drug vacancy in the pharmaceutical warehouse. This study aims to determine the external factors and internal causes of drug stock outs e-catalog and perform logistic control efforts using the analysis method of critical index ABC and the calculation of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Re Order Point (ROP). The research method used is operational research with in-depth interview, oservation and document review. The results of the study show that external factors that cause the stock out, among others, the availability of the drug has not been optimal, the weakness of distribution, the old approval process from the supplier, the price discrepancy between the e-catalog system and the current drug price, the severity of the sanctions, the software complaints and the network connection , While the internal hospital constraints include the lack of human resources, the absence of e-catalog drug management policies and procedures as well as late payment to distributors. Efforts to control the supply of e-catalog drugs through the analysis of critical index ABC there are 11 items of drug e-categorized belonging to group A, there are 71 items of drug e-catalog belong to group B, and 270 items of drug e-catalog belong to group C. Based on EOQ method obtained The optimum order quantity of group A e-catalog drugs ranged from 42 - 5090 units. Based on ROP method by considering safety stock obtained point of reorder for group A starting from 1038 - 30240 unit. Key words : e-purchasing, e-catalogue , stock out, ABC analysis, EOQ, ROP
Kata kunci : Obat, pengendalian persediaan obat, ABC indeks kritis, manajemen, efisiensi
This thesis discusses drug inventory control to improve effectiveness and efficiency of investment in SBU Garuda Sentra Medika (GSM). Study design is cross sectional with qualitative approach assisted by calculation. The results show there is no scientific method to control drug inventory in GSM Pharmacy Unit, lack of organizational structure, lack of policy and working procedures, Pharmacy Therapy Team (PTT) is not in accordance with the applicable rules, and lack of information system. Suggestions are evaluating policies and work procedures, fixing the organizational structure, establishing appropriate drug inventory control guidelines, establishing PTT according to applicable rules, and developing information system.
Keywords : Drug, drug inventory control, ABC critical index, management, efficiency
Kata Kunci : ABC Indeks Kritis, EOQ, ROP.
This study is an analitic descriptive research with quantitative approachusing The ABC Critical Index deals with inventory controls of the antibiotics atthe pharmacy unit of the Leprosy Hospital dr Rivai Abdullah Palembang in 2014.The results are 11 items (13,58 %) are A group, 32 items (39,51%) are B groupand 38 items (46,91 %) are C group. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) andthe Reorder Point (ROP) are doing for the A group. As the final result thehospital can save Rp. 49.221.372,- yearly if using this inventory controls.
Key Words : ABC Critical Index, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), ReorderPoint (ROP).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 83 item obat, untuk kelompok A(60%-30%-10%) item obat kemoterapi adalah Paxus 100 mg injeksi. dengan nilai investasi sebesar Rp. 3.220.525.650,- dari total investasi Rp 33.509.826.356,-. Analisis Indeks Kritis kelompok A (70%-20%-10%) dengan nilai investasi sebesar Rp11.045.150.780,- dari keseluruhan nilai investasi Rp 33.509.826.356,- terdiri dari 6jenis item yaitu : Holoxan 1 gram injeksi, Leocovorin injeksi, Doxorubicin 50 mg injeksi, Brexel 20 mg injeksi, Brexel 80 mg injeksi dan Paxus 100 mg injeksi. Sedangkan kelompok A ( 80%-10%-10%) atau senilai Rp. 12.472.877.428,- daritotal nilai investasi Rp. 33.509.826.356,- terdiri dari 8 item yaitu: Carboplatin 150 mg injeksi Holoxan 1 gram injeksi, Leocovorin injeksi, Doxorubicin 50 mginjeksi, Brexel 20 mg injeksi, Brexel 80 mg injeksi dan Paxus 100 mg injeksi, danTaxotere 20 mg injeksi. Metode Analisis ABC Indeks Kritis ini dapat membanturumah sakit dalam merencanakan kebutuhan obat dengan mempertimbangkanpemakaian, nilai investasi, kekritisan obat untuk melakukan efisiensi biaya rumahsakit.
Kata kunci: Pengendalian persediaan, Analisis ABC Indeks Kritis
One of the featured services at RSMH is integrated chemotherapy services. One ofthe resources in support of these services is a pharmaceutical supplies including theChemotherapy drugs are relatively expensive. In conducting the inventory controlDr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital not classify drugs based on user value, investmentvalue and criticality of drugs through certain methods. So in this study aims toconduct chemotherapy drug control approach ABC Analysis Critical Index in theCytostatica Handling Room of Pharmacy Instalation Dr. Mohammad HoesinHospital Palembang. This study design using operational research with quantitativeand qualitative descriptive analysis.
The results showed that out of 83 drug items, forgroup A (60% -30% -10%) is a Paxus 100 mg injection. with an investment ofIDR. 3,220,525,650, - of the total investment of IDR. 33,509,826,356, -.Critical Index Analysis group A (70% -20% -10%) with an investment of IDR.11,045,150,780, - of the total investment value of IDR 33,509,826,356, - consists ofsix types of items, namely: Holoxan 1 gram injection, Leocovorin injection,doxorubicin 50 mg injection, Brexel 20 mg injection, Brexel 80 mg injection andPaxus 100 mg injection. While the group A (80% -10% -10%) orIDR. 12,472,877,428, - of the total investment value of IDR. 33,509,826,356, -consists of eight items, namely: Carboplatin 150 mg injection, Holoxan 1 graminjection, Leocovorin injection, doxorubicin 50 mg injection, Brexel 20 mg injection, 80 mg injection Brexel and Paxus 100 mg injection, and Taxotere 20 mg injection. Critical Index ABC Analysis method can assist the hospital in a drug needs planningto consider: consumption, investment value, the criticality of drugs for hospital costefficiency.
Keyword : Inventory control, Critical Index ABC Analysis
Rurnah sakit sebagai mata rantai sistern kesehatan diharapkan dapat mencapai pelayanan yang bermutu, berdaya guna, serta didirikan dan dijalankan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan promotif, preventif, kuratif dan rehabilitatif yang diperlukan oleh masing-masing penderita dalam batas kemampuan teknologi dan sarana yang tersedia di rumah sakit. Salah satunya adalah instalasi farmasi yang merupakan sarana penting dalam proses penyembuhan dan merupakan salah satu komponen biaya operasional yang besar dari seluruh biaya operasional rumah sakit. Anggaran yang dibelanjakan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Awal Bros untuk obat dan alkes sebanyak 46.65 % (Rp 5.155.680.986) dari total pengeluaran rumah sakit, dari jumlah tersebut 37.88% (1.952.881.880) adalah investasi untuk obat antibiotika. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Awal Bros pada pemakaian obat-obatan antibiotika periode Januari hingga Juni tahun 2001, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi tingkat persediaan obat antibiotika di instalasi farmasi, merencanakan dan mengendalikan jumlah pemesanan obat yang efisien dan efektif. Perencanaan yang tepat diharapkan dapat menghasilkan suatu jumlah dan jenis persediaan perbekalan di instalasi farmasi, dalam hal ini khusus obat antibiotika. Persediaan obat-obatan antibiotika dikelompokkan menjadi 3 (tiga) kelompok berdasarkan nilai pemakaian, nilai investasi dan nilai indeks kritis dengan memakai analisis ABC. Pengelompokkan ini merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan persediaan, dengan demikian dapat diketahui jenis obat mana yang perlu diperhatikan karena mempunyai investasi yang tinggi dengan nilai kritis yang tinggi pula. Indeks kritis dapat diketahui melalui pendapat dari para dokter full timer yang berada di Rumah Sakit Awal Bros yang memakai obat tersebut. Hasil analisis indeks kritis ABC didapatkan basil bahwa kelompok A untuk 75-20-5 yang memerlukan investasi paling tinggi (66.51 % dari seluruh biaya) terdiri dari 32 item obat (9.33 %), kelompok B menelan biaya 28.99% terdiri dari 126 item obat dan kelompok C menelan biaya 4.50% dari seluruh biaya. Jenis obat antibiotika kelompok A 75-20-5 berdasarkan pemakaian, investasi dan indeks kritis berjumlah 74 item, jika dikelompokkan dengan kelompok nama generik akan dapat berkurang menjadi 60 item. Hal ini setidaknya rumah sakit Awal Bros dapat melakukan efisiensi sehingga biaya yang hares diinvestasikan akan berkurang.
Hospital is the part of health system chain which might be expected to provides quality services, efficient, and was established, operated to achieve various level of health services including promotion, prevention, curative and rehabilitation to meet patient needs in accordance to both technologies and facilities availabilities in the respective hospital. In particularly, pharmaceutical department is one of the important facilities in patient care that consume the biggest part of operational cost. In Awal Bros hospital, drugs and consumable goods spent 46.65% of total hospital expenditure. (Rp 5.155.680.986.-). In addition the hospital spent 37.88% of their total drugs expenditure for antibiotic (1.952.881.880 rupiahs). This study took place in Pharmaceutical Department of Awal Bros hospital during January 2001 thorough June 2001 period that aimed to identify the availability of antibiotic, and to develop the most economical procurement plan as well as to manage the availability. By doing so it was expected the hospital could manage the availability of antibiotic in terms of amount and type. The availability of antibiotic was grouped into different categories according to level of utilization, investment as well as critical index by using ABC analysis. This approach aimed to control level of antibiotic availability, an effort to identify priority in next procurement by considering its investment level and critical index. Information on critical index was gathered from selected residence physicians that had been known as frequent users. The ABC critical index analysis revealed that group A (75- 20-5) represented the highest investment totaling 66.51% of total expenditure, consisted of 32 item of antibiotic (9.33%); group B represent 28.99% of total expenditure (126 items) and group C represent 4.50% of total expenses. The total group A 75-20-5 with categories according to level of utilization, investment as well as critical index consisted 74 items, if grouped to generic drugs the least would decrease to 60 items. This approach which aimed to control level of antibiotic availability, can be utilized to identify priority in next procurement by considering its investment level.
ABSTRAK
Di RS MH Thamrin Salemba selama bulan April - Juni 2011, ditemukan bahwa ada kejadian penundaan pelayanan resep pasien atau back order yang terjadi hampir setiap hari, yaitu 82 hari selama 3 bulan. Atau dapat dikatakan frekuensi kejadian ini sebesar 91,1%. Oleh karena itu, pihak manajemen ingin memperbaiki pengendalian persediaan obat untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pengendalian persediaan obat, serta meningkatkan mutu pelayanannya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian riset operasional untuk menyusun model pengendalian persediaan obat. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis ABC pemakaian, ABC nilai investasi, dan ABC indeks kritis; untuk mengetahui obat antibiotik apa saja yang menjadi kelompok A, B, dan C. Selanjutnya akan dilakukan peramalan dengan metode Brown?s Linear untuk kebutuhan obat kelompok A tahun 2012 dan akan dihitung EOQ serta ROP. Kemudian akan dihitung efisiensi TIC yang terjadi jika dibandingkan dengan cara pemesanan RS. Selain itu juga dilakukan wawancara mendalam dengan informan. Pengendalian persediaan di RS MH Thamrin Salemba masih belum dilakukan dengan optimal untuk mencapai efektifitas dan efisiensi. Dengan adanya keterbatasan sumber daya, maka sebaiknya dilakukan pemberian prioritas dalam pengendalian persediaan obat dengan menggunakan analisis ABC. Metode ini membantu pihak manajemen untuk lebih berfokus pada barang-barang yang memiliki nilai lebih tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pengendalian persediaan obat, dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung EOQ dan ROP. Dengan menghitung EOQ maka biaya persediaan akan berkurang jika dibandingkan dengan cara pemesanan RS (TIC RS : TIC EOQ = 1.32). Selain itu untuk mengantisipasi permintaan yang tidak pasti maka perlu diadakan safety stock. Walaupun biaya persediaan meningkat dengan adanya safety stock (TIC RS : TIC EOQ = 0.77), mutu pelayanan meningkat dan frekuensi back order akan berkurang.
Abstract
At the MH Thamrin hospital between April till June 2011, it has been discovered that back orders have been occurring almost every day, happening on 82 days out of 3 months. In other words the frequency of the occurrence is as high as 91.1%. Therefore the hospital management team decided to improve the medicine stock maintenance operation to increase both efficiency and effectiveness of said operation, as well as improving the service quality. This operational research is designed to create a maintenance model for the medicine stock. In this research, in order to sort out the antibiotics into class A, B, and C, the following analyses were used: ABC usage analysis, ABC investing score, and ABC critical index. The analysis would be followed by the Brown's Linear forecasting method to forecast the 2012 A class medicine usage and EOQ as well as ROP would be calculated. After that, the TIC efficiency level will be calculated based on the measurement against the hospital?s ordering policy. To complement the research, in-depth interviews with various informants were also conducted. The stock maintenance method at MH Thamrin hospital has yet to be implemented in an optimal way to reach the desired efficiency and effectiveness level. Due to resources limitation, it is advised to prioritize the medicinal stock maintenance using the ABC analysis method. This method helps the management team to focus more on the products that have higher value over the others. Reaching the desired level of both effectiveness and efficiency in medicinal stock maintenance can be achieved by calculating EOQ and ROP. By calculating EOQ the stock cost of the hospital will decrease compared to the hospital's ordering policy (TIC hospital : TIC EOQ = 1.32). Also a safety stock calculation would be crucial to anticipate the unforeseen demand level. Even though the stock cost will rise by adding the safety stock (TIC hospital : TIS EOQ = 0.77), the service level will increase while back order frequency will decrease.
