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Fahimah Abdullah; Pembimbing: Amal Chalik Sjaaf
S-101
Jakarta : FKM UI, 1982
S1 - Skripsi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Regina; Pembimbing: Nasrin Kodim; Penguji: Renti Mahkota, Djauzi
S-5431
Depok : FKM UI, 2008
S1 - Skripsi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sudjais; Pembimbing: Nasrin Kodim
S-647
Depok : FKM UI, 1992
S1 - Skripsi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dewi Tresnaningsih; Pembimbing: Lukman Hakim Tarigan
S-1914
Depok : FKM UI, 2000
S1 - Skripsi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Fnelda; Pembimbing: Hasbullah Thabrany; Pujiyanto
T-1958
Depok : FKM-UI, 2004
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Berita Epidemiologi, Oktober 1992, hal. 3-16. ( ket. ada di bendel 1989 - 1992 )
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Diany Litasari; Pembimbing: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono; Helda; Penguji: Hakimi, Muammar Muislih
Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan studi ekologi dengan desain potong lintang (crosssectional) pada 514 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada tahun 2017-2018 yang bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara kejadian campak di Indonesia Tahun 2018 dengan cakupan imunisasi campak rutin (dosis pertama pada bayi dan dosis kedua pada anak baduta). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kabupaten/kota yang berada di luar Pulau Jawa berisiko 1,019 kali untuk mendapatkan kejadian campak tinggi jika cakupan imunisasi campak rutin dosis pertama pada bayi dan cakupan vitamin A tahun 2017 rendah, setelah dikontrol oleh cakupan imunisasi campak tambahan masal pada Kampanye Imunisasi MR, kepadatan penduduk, persentasi status gizi kurang dan cakupan vitamin A tahun 2018. Sementara itu, kabupaten/kota yang berada di Pulau Jawa berisiko 1,456 kali untuk mendapatkan kejadian campak tinggi, jika cakupan imunisasi campak rutin dosis pertama pada bayi dan cakupan vitamin A tahun 2017 rendah. Kabupaten/kota yang memiliki cakupan imunisasi campak rutin dosis kedua pada baduta rendah memiliki risiko 1,486 (95% CI : 0,882-2,502, p-value 0,136) lebih besar untuk mendapatkan kejadian campak tinggi. Pembuatan kebijakan utnuk pemberian imunisasi campak dosis pertama pada anak yang berusia > 1 tahun dan dosis kedua pada anak yang berusia > 2 tahun dalam kegiatan imunisasi rutin perlu dilakukan agar setiap anak mendapatkan imunisasi campak secara lengkap, sehingga meningkatkan herd immunity. Diperlukan juga sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan yang terintegrasi antara imunisasi dan surveilans PD3I, khususnya campak. Melakukan imunisasi campak tambahan masal setiap 3-4 tahun sekali berdasarkan kajian epidemiologi, baik nasional/subnasional, dan penyediaan anggaran untuk promosi dan sosialisasi pemberian imunisasi campak (MR) khususnya dosis kedua pada baduta dan tentang penyakit campak.
This study is a cross-sectional design in 514 districts in Indonesia, 2017-2018 which aims to determine the relationship between the incidence of measles in Indonesia in 2018 with coverage of measles routine immunization (in infants and toddler). The results that districts outside of Java had 1,019 times risk higher to have high measles incidence if the coverage of measles routine immunization for the first dose of infants and vitamin A coverage in 2017 was low, after being controlled by coverage of MR Immunization Campaign, population density, percentage of nutritional status and vitamin A coverage in 2018. Districts in Java had risk 1,456 times higher to get high measles incidence, if the coverage of measles routine immunization first dose in infants and vitamin A coverage in 2017 was low. Districts had measles routine immunization coverage of the second dose was low, had risk 1,486 times higher to have high measles incidence. A policy which state the first dose of measles immunization to children aged >1 year and second dose to children aged >2 year in routine immunization activities needs to be done to increas herd immunity. An integrated recording and reporting system is needed between immunization and PD3I surveillance, especially measles. Implementation of Suplementary Immunization Activity (SIA) every 3-4 years based on epidemiological studies, both national/subnational, and the provision of budget for the promotion and socialization of measles immunization (MR) especially in the second dose for toddler and about measles disease.
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T-5924
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Olivia Esrana Simbolon; Pembimbing: Prastuti Soewondo C.;Penguji: Hasbullah Thabrany, Mardiati Nadjib, Harmein Harun, Julitasari Soendoro
Abstrak:
Penyakit campak sangat menular terutama menyerang anak-anak yang tidak mempunyai kekebalan terhadap penyakit campak. Penyakit campak merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup serius baik di negara maju maupun negara berkembang, walaupun dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi namun KLB masih sering terjadi. Di Indonesia imunisasi campak dimulai tahun 1983 dan cakupan campak 80 % telah dicapai pada tahun 1990 dan dapat dipertahankan sampai sekarang. Namun cakupan tinggi belum terdistribusi merata sampai ke desa, sehingga masih terjadi KLB (Kejadian Luar Biasa) campak yang sering mengakibatkan kematian khususnya pada anak dengan gizi buruk. Cakupan tinggi menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran umur penderita campak, bukan hanya pada balita tetapi mulai tinggi pada anak sekolah. Perubahan pola epidemi campak merubah strategi program. Serta mengacu kepada sidang WHA untuk menurunkan angka insidens campak sebesar 90% dan angka kematian campak sebesar 95%, dan sidang WHO 1996 yang menyatakan kemungkinan penyakit campak dapat dieradikasi karena pejamu hanya manusia. WHO membuat target global eradikasi campak pada tahun 2005 - 2010 dan menilai kinerja setiap negara terhadap upaya pengendalian campak. Berdasarkan kriteria WHO, maka Indonesia saat ini masuk dalam phase reduksi kasus dan pencegahan KLB campak. Namun strategi pencapaian diserahkan pada kemampuan keuangan masing-masing negara. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut selain irunisasi rutin bayi, pada tahun 2000 telah diberikan imunisasi campak tambahan pada anak sekolah kelas 1 - 6 SD (catch up) di 2 propinsi (DKI Jakarta & Jawa Barat), serta crash program campak anak balita di desa rawan campak (resiko tinggi) di 13 propinsi di Indonesia. Sebelum mengadop kegiatan catch up ke propinsi lain serta mengingat keterbatasan keuangan negara, maka diperlukan evaluasi ekonomi analisis biaya hasil (cost effectiveness analysis) dari kegiatan campak tambahan tersebut. Sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang model kegiatan imunisasi campak yang paling "cost effective" dalam upaya pengendalian campak, mengetahui biaya satuan per kegiatan serta komponen biaya terbesar, juga untuk mengetahui kecenderungan penurunan kasus setelah imunisasi campak tambahan dilaksanakan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bogor di 56 puskesmas yang terdiri dari 28 Puskesmas Desa UCI yang melaksanakan imunisasi rutin dan catch up (model-2) dan 28 Puskesmas Desa Non-UCI yang melaksanakan imunisasi rutin, catch up dan crash program (model-3) pada tahun 2000 dan sebagai pembanding adalah puskesmas yang soma (tahun 1999) yang hanya melaksanakan imunisasi rutin (model-1). Rancangan penelitian studi operasional (OR) evaluasi ekonomi analisis biaya efektif (CEA). Berdasarkan jenis data retrospektif dengan analisa deskriptif. Hasilnya adalah biaya satuan: rutin Rp.8.141, catch up Rp.3.275, crash program Rp. 3.552. Biaya satuan yang paling cost effective adalah pada kegiatan masal catch up yaitu 40% dari biaya satuan rutin. Komponen biaya yang terbesar dari 3 kegiatan dan model imunisasi adalah pada biaya operasional (96,50% - 99,96%). Sedang jenis biaya terbesar pada biaya operasional imunisasi rutin adalah biaya vaksin, gaji, alat suntik dan transport lapangan. Hanya pada daerah sulit, transport lapangan lebih tinggi dart biaya alat suntik. Untuk kegiatan catch up dan crash program biaya operasional terbesar adalah biaya vaksin, alat suntik dan gaji. Terjadi penurunan kasus campak yang bermakna pada puskesmas yang sama, dengan membandingkan kegiatan imunisasi model-2 dan model-3 (tahun 2000) terhadap model-1 (1999). Penurunan kasus di puskesmas model-2 sebesar 49,5% dan di puskesmas model-3 sebesar 59,4%, sedangkan di Kabupaten Bogor penurunan kasus campak sebesar 65,3%. Pada tahun 2000 dikedua kelompok model penelitian dan di Kabupaten Bogor tidak terjadi KLB campak, dimana selama 9 tahun (1991-1999) selalu terjadi KLB campak. Proporsi penurunan kasus terbesar terjadi pada kelompok umur balita yaitu di puskesmas model-2: umur < 1 tahun (66,2%), dan umur l - 4 tahun (68,3%). Di puskesmasmodel-3: umurcl tahun (50%) dan 1 - 4 tahun (75,1%). Soma dengan di,Kabupaten Bogor penurunan kasus campak terbesar pada kelompok umur balita yaitu < 1 tahun (72,5%) dan umur 1 - 4 tahun (76,2%). Berdasarkan hasil CE-ratio dart kedua model imunisasi campak tambahan, model yang paling cost effective adalah model-2 yaitu imunisasi rutin bayi dan catch up anak SD. Model-2 ini efektif untuk menurunkan kasus dan mencegah terjadinya KLB berarti dapat memutuskan transmisi virus dari anak sekolah kepada anak balita dirumah, namun demikian untuk menghilangkan desa rawan campak kegiatan crash program harus tetap dilakukan di desa-desa dengan cakupan rendah 2-3 tahun.
Measles is a serious infectious disease afflicted predominantly children under five who are susceptible to the disease. In most developing countries, measles is still one of the leading causes of children morbidity and mortality. Instead of significant achievement of EPI Program, outbreaks of measles are still frequently occurred. Measles vaccine was introduced and included into routine EPI in 1983 and UCI coverage (> 80 %) was achieved in 1990, and has been sustained until now. The problem that we are facing is the UCI coverage is not equally distributed which leads to the occurrence of measles outbreaks in pocket villages. The outbreaks claim many deaths among malnourished children. High coverage of measles vaccination has shifted the age of the cases to the right, where older children are affected and not only children under five. The changes of this disease pattern calls for revision of the EPI program strategy. The changes of the strategy is also revered to WHA resolution which has set the target of measles disease reduction by 90% and mortality reduction by 95%. Due to the natural history of disease, with potent vaccine measles could be eradicated like smallpox and polio. WHO has set the global target for measles eradication in 2005 - 2010 and plays a great roles in evaluating the performance of it's member countries towards measles eradication. WHO has conducted external evaluation and considered Indonesia is now at the stage of measles reduction and prevention of measles outbreaks occurrence. WHO member countries implemented different strategies in achieving their measles reduction target, it is very much depend on the available resources of each country. Indonesia, beside routine basic immunization program to infant has also in the year 2000 introduced additional measles vaccination to school children year 1 -- 6 elementary school in DKI Jakarta and West Java which is known as catch-up activities. Crash program for children under five was also introduced in measles high risk areas in 13 provinces. The introduction of catch-up campaign and crash program was based on epidemiological evidence. Cost effectiveness analysis need to be undertaken before deciding to adopt catch-up campaign and crash program approaches as national policy. The objectives of the cost effectiveness analysis study are to get better picture and better understanding of the most cost effective model of measles vaccination, unit cost for each activity, the biggest budget component, trend of measles reduction after additional measles vaccination been implemented. The study was conducted in Bogor Regency involved 56 health centres, consists of 28 health centres have achieved village UCI coverage in 2000, which are implementing routine immunization and catch-up campaign (model-2) and 28 health centres who have not achieved village UCI coverage in 2000 which are implementing routine immunization, catch-up as well as crash program (model-3) control health centres were the same health centres who in 1999 implemented routine immunization (model-1) only. The study design was operational research (OR), economic evaluation cost effectiveness analysis (CEA). Using retrospective data with descriptive analysis. From data analysis it is evidence that the unit cost for different approaches are the following: - Routine immunization Rp. 8141 - Catch-up campaign Rp. 3275 - Crash program Rp. 3552 The most cost effective is catch-up campaign which is only 40% of the cost of routine immunization. The biggest component of those three different approaches comes from the operational cost which is 96,5% - 99,96% of the total cost. In routine, the biggest cost of the operational cost is for vaccine, salaries, syringes and transportation. Only in remote different areas cost for transportation is bigger than cost for syringes. In catch-up campaign and crash program the biggest operational cost are for vaccines, syringes, salaries. It is evidence that there has been significance reduction of measles cases in model-2 and model-3 approaches (2000) as compare to model-1 (1999). Measles reduction in health centres for model-2 approach 49,5%, model-3 approach 59,4%, while for the whole Bogor Regency the measles reduction was 65,3%. It is also found that in 2000, measles outbreaks was not occurred in the study areas and in the Bogor Regency where in the last 9 years (1991-1999) measles outbreaks has always been occurred. If we look at the age distribution the significant reduction was found in underfive group. Health centres model-2: < 1 year (66,2%), 1 - 4 years (68,3%). In health centres model-3: < 1 year (50%), I - 4 years (75,1%). Similar figure is also found in Bogor Regency where significant measles reduction was in underfive age group; < 1 year (72,5%), 1 - 4 years (76,2%). Finally, based on CE-Ratio calculation, model-2 was the most cost effective which include routine immunization and catch-up campaign for elementary school children. In conclusion model-2 is effective to reduce cases and to prevent measles outbreaks and is capable to cut the viral transmission from school children to children under five in their respective households. Hence, to reduce the number of high risk villages, crash program should be implemented continuously in low coverage villages at least for
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Depok : FKM-UI, 2001
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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koran kompas 2010: hal 60
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
Indeks Koran   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Muammar Muslih; Promotor: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono; Kopromotor: Irawan Mangunatmadja, Masdalina Pane; Penguji: Ede Surya Darmawan, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Tris Eryando, Elisabeth Siti Herini, Soewarta Kosen
Abstrak:

Campak adalah penyakit dengan tingkat penularan dan fatalitas tinggi terutama di negara dengan sistem kesehatan yang lemah. Campak merupakan penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi sebagai bagian integral dari sistem kesehatan. Program imunisasi dasar merupakan bagian dari transformasi layanan kesehatan primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela kabupaten/kota di Indonesia berdasarkan variabel-variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap imunisasi campak rubela.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif desain cross sectional, tapi pada level kabupaten kota menggunakan studi ekologi atau korelasi populasi, dimana unit penelitian terdiri dari 2 level, yaitu level individu dan level kabupaten/kota yang memiliki setidaknya 1 kasus positif IgM kasus campak rubela di 257 kabupaten kota tahun 2022-2023. Analisis menggunakan multilevel modelling, pada level individu dilakukan analisis variabel umur, jenis kelamin, dan riwayat imunisasi, sedangkan level kabupaten kota meliputi cakupan imunisasi, anggaran pelayanan imunisasi, pendanaan stabil, pemerintah kinerja program campak, SDM imunisasi dan surveilans terlatih, respon alert, kelengkapan dan ketepatan laporan.
Kasus campak rubela terbesar pada kelompok umur 0-5 tahun (60,7%), perempuan (51,3%) dengan riwayat imunisasi MR2 tidak lengkap (67%). Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel kasus campak rubela (OR=2,014), cakupan imunisasi campak rubela (OR=1,916), anggaran imunisasi (OR=1,856), pendanaan stabil(KLB) (OR=1,823), pemerintah kinerja program campak (OR=2,05), SDM imunisasi terlatih (OR=1,968) dan SDM surveilans terlatih (OR=1,841) menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela kabupaten kota di Indonesia. Pada hasil analisis multilevel nilai MOR pada level individu 1.00159 dan level kabupaten kota 1.00081 sehingga dapat disimpulkan efek individu lebih besar dari efek level. Kontribusi variabel independen terbesar untuk level kabupaten kota adalah cakupan imunisasi sebesar 624,14% terhadap ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela kabupaten kota. Model prediksi ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela didapatkan dengan formula = -2,314 + 0,787 kasus campak rubela +0,685 cakupan imunisasi campak rubela + 0,586 anggaran imunisasi +0,568 pendanaan KLB + 0,712 pemerintah kinerja program campak baik + 0,627 SDM Imunisasi + 0,596 SDM surveilans.
Kesimpulan : Model ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela pada studi ini menemukan variasi ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela hampir sama/tidak beragam antar kabupaten kota dibandingkan antar individu, namun kontribusi/peran dari cakupan imunisasi kabupaten kota sangat besar terhadap ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela kabupaten kota. Saran : Peran program imunisasi penting dalam mencapai cakupan imunisasi campak rubela kabupaten/kota tinggi dan merata dalam memperkuat ketahanan imunisasi campak rubela, Kabupaten kota dapat melakukan evaluasi program imunisasi dengan menganalisis data ketahanan imunisasi untuk mewujudkan eliminasi campak rubela tahun 2026.

Measles is a highly contagious disease with a significant mortality rate, particularly in countries with underdeveloped healthcare systems. However, it is a vaccine-preventable illness. Immunization plays a vital role within the healthcare system, and basic immunization programs are a fundamental component of the ongoing transformation of primary healthcare services. This study seeks to assess the resilience of measles-rubella immunization at the district/city level. To achieve this, a model capable of evaluating the measles-rubella immunization resilience index is required, incorporating variables that influence immunization outcomes.
An observational study design employing an ecological or population-level correlation approach with multilevel analysis was used. The unit of analysis consisted of districts/cities that reported confirmed measles-rubella IgM-positive cases, resulting in a sample of 257 districts/cities. The analysis was conducted at two levels: the individual level (including variables such as age, sex, and immunization history), and the district/city level (including indicators such as immunization coverage, budget allocation for immunization services, funding stability, governance quality, availability of trained immunization and surveillance personnel, responsiveness to health threats, and the completeness and accuracy of reporting).
Results of the study with the largest cases of measles rubella were in the age group of 0-5 years (60.7%), women (51.3%) with a history of incomplete MR2 immunization (67%). The results of the multivariate analysis obtained the variables of measles rubella cases (OR = 2.014), measles rubella immunization coverage (OR = 1.916), immunization budget (OR = 1.856), stable funding (KLB) (OR = 1.823), government measles program performance (OR = 2.05), trained immunization human resources (OR = 1.968) and trained surveillance human resources (OR = 1.841) showed a significant influence on the resilience of measles rubella immunization in cities and districts in Indonesia. In the results of the multilevel analysis, the MOR value at the individual level was 1.00159 and the city district level was 1.00081 so it can be concluded that the individual effect is greater than the level effect. The largest independent variable contribution for the city district level is immunization coverage of 624.14% to the resilience of measles rubella immunization in cities and districts The measles rubella immunization resilience prediction model with the formula = -2.314 + 0.787 measles rubella cases +0.685 measles rubella immunization coverage + 0.586 immunization budget +0.568 KLB funding + 0.712 Good governance + 0.627 Immunization HR + Surveillance HR + 0.596. The largest independent variable contribution for the district/city level is immunization coverage of 624.14% to the resilience of measles rubella immunization in the district/city.
Conclusion: The results of the study show that the measles rubella immunization resilience model in this study proves that the variation in measles rubella immunization resilience is almost the same/does not vary between districts/cities compared to individuals, but the contribution/role of district/city immunization coverage is very large to the resilience of measles rubella immunization in the district/city. The variables of measles rubella cases, measles rubella immunization coverage, immunization budget, funding during the outbreak, government performance of the measles program is good, immunization and surveillance human resources show significant and positive effects on measles rubella immunization resilience. This model can be an important tool in data-based policy making. Recommendations/Suggestions: Districts and cities can evaluate immunization programs by analyzing immunization resilience data and need to study and make policies to realize measles and rubella elimination in 2026.

 

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D-579
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S3 - Disertasi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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:: Pengguna : Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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