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Kata Kunci: Getaran Tangan dan Lengan, Keluhan Subjektif, Buffing, Gerinda
Long-term exposure to hand-arm vibration can cause a health problem known as Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS). The symptoms include tingling and numbness in the fingers, blanching on the tips of the fingers, aches and pains in the lower arm and hands. The exposure of hand-arm vibration comes from the vibrating machine tools which were used by the workers at work. The aim of this study is to obtain the frequency distribution of subjective health complaints (tingling, numbness, and finger blanching) of the workers who have been exposed to hand-arm vibration in PT XYZ Stamping Plant Jakarta. This study used cross-sectional design and a questionnaire was given to 35 workers who is using hand-held vibrating tools everyday at work in Sub Assy Welding and Dies Maintenance area of PT XYZ Stamping Plant Jakarta. The result of this study showed that 65.7% workers complaint of tingling, 28.6% workers complaint of finger blanching, and 14.3% workers complaint of numbness. However, the result of magnitude measurement of vibration tools (grinder and buffing) which exposed the workers is still under the exposure limit value. The result of chi-square analysis showed that there were no significant differences between independent variables (ages, years of working, daily exposure to vibration, smoking, and training) and dependent variables (tingling, numbness, and finger blanching).
Keywords: Hand-Arm Vibration, Subjective Health Complaints, Buffing, Grinder
Gangguan pendengaran karena bising merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang sering ditemui pada perusahaan manufaktur. Hazard yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran meliputi bising, zat kimia dan getaran. Ruang lingkup penelitian tesis ini adalah melihat dampak pajanan bising terhadap fungsi pendengaran pekerja yang terpajan bising diatas 82 dBA. Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional study yang meneliti hubungan faktor independen berupa dosisi pajanan dalam perhitungan leq, umur dan masa kerja serta faktor penggangu berupa pemakaian alat pelindung diri serta kebiasaan dengan fungsi pendengaran pekerja. Dari survei tingkat bising ditemukan departemen PVC, CDM, CDS dan CDB mempunyai tingkat kebisingan diatas nilai ambang batas yang diperbolehkan.
Hasil pemeriksaan audiometri ditemukan dua orang responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran satu orang berumur diatas 40 tahun, bekerja pada ruangan PVC dimana merupakan tingkat pajanan bising tertinggi di pabrik ini dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran lainnya merupakan pekerja yang berumur dibawah 40 tahun dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Dari hasil analisis statistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara Leq pajanan bising, faktor masa kerja, pemakaian alat pelindung diri dan kebiasaan merokok dengan gangguan pendengaran. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara umur dan gangguan pendengaran dengan OD ratio 7.99.
Noise induced hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases are often found in manufacturing companies. Hazard that can cause hearing loss include noise, chemicals and vibration. The scope of this thesis research on the impact of noise exposure on hearing function of workers exposed to noise above 82 dBA. This type of research is a cross-sectional study examining the relationship be an independent factor in the noise dose exposure (leq), age and working period and disturbance factors such as the use of personal protective equipment, smoking with hearing function. From the survey found noise levels PVC department, CDM, CDS and CDB have noise levels above the permitted threshold value.
Audiometric examination found two participant who suffered from hearing loss. Respondents who suffered from hearing loss a person aged over 40 years, working on PVC indoor noise exposure level which is the highest in the plant and it has been working for more than 5 years. Other participant who suffered from hearing loss is under the age of 40 years and has been working for more than 5 years. From the analysis found no statistically significant relationship between Leq noise exposure, working period, the use of personal protective equipment and smoking with hearing loss. Found a significant relationship between age and hearing loss with OD ratio 7.99.
