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ABSTRAK Nama : Hasanah Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Uji Kontaminasi Salmonella sp. Pada Makanan di Tempat Pengelolaan Makanan (TPM) Wilayah Kerja Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan di Jakarta Tahun 2018 Pembimbing : Dr. Dra. Dewi Susanna, M.Kes Xviii + 139 halaman, 35 tabel, 12 gambar, 8 lampiran Pelabuhan laut merupakan pintu gerbang masuknya mobilitas barang dan manusia sehingga berpotensi terjadinya transmisi penyebaran penyakit terutama melalui makanan. Salmonella merupakan bakteri patogen yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit akibat bawaan makanan (foodborne diseases). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kontaminasi bakteri Salmonella sp. pada makanan dan mendapatkan informasi mendalam higiene sanitasi pengolahan makanan oleh penjamah makanan serta gambaran titiktitik kritis proses pengolahan makanan di Tempat Pengelolaan Makanan (TPM) wilayah kerja Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) serta pendekatan sistem Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Mei 2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 72 TPM, penjamah makanan serta satu jenis makanan pada tiap TPM. Analisis data menggunakan univariat dan berbentuk teks narasi serta diagram alir untuk HACCP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 72 sampel makanan yang diperiksa tidak teridentifikasi keberadaan bakteri Salmonella sp. Proses pengolahan makanan oleh penjamah makanan mulai pemilihan bahan baku, penyimpanan, pemasakan yang matang dan penyajian yang singkat menyebabkan bakteri tidak berkembang dan tumbuh. Titik kritis yang paling penting pada pemasakan, penyimpanan dan pemasakan ulang. Dibutuhkan pelatihan untuk penjamah makanan dalam menangani proses pengolahan makanan sesuai standar permenkes selama penanganan dan penyajian di TPM wilayah kerja KKP untuk mencegah kontaminasi mikroba pada makanan. Kata kunci: Foodborne diseases, Salmonella sp., penjamah makanan, kontaminasi, HACCP
ABSTRACT Name : Hasanah Study Program : Public Health Science Title : Salmonella sp. contamination test on food at the food manufacturing factory in the working area of The Port Health Office in Jakarta, 2018 Counsellor : Dr. Dra. Dewi Susanna, M.Kes Xviii + 139 pages, 35 tables, 12 pictures, 8 attachments Seaport is the gateway for mobility of goods and people so that there is a high potential for transmission and spread of disease especially through food. Salmonella is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause foodborne diseases. This study aims to describe the contamination of Salmonella sp. bacteria on food and get in-depth information on hygiene sanitation of food processing by food handlers and description of critical points of food processing in small scale of food manufacturing factory (TPM) working area of a Port Health Office. This research uses quantitative and qualitative method with cross sectional approach and Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system approach conducted in April - May 2018. The total samples are 72 food places, food handlers and one food type in each TPM. The data is analyzed using univariat analysist and narrative text form as well as flowchart for HACCP. Salmonella bacteria laboratory test results are negative on all types of food samples tested. Food processing by food handlers; the selection of raw materials, storage, ripening and short serving; causes the bacteria does not develop and grow. The most critical point is in the cooking, storage and reheating process. It needs training for food handlers at TPM working area of KKP in food processing (handling and serving the food) according to the standard of Minister of Health Regulation to prevent microbial contamination on food. Key words: Foodborne diseases, Salmonella sp., food handlers, contamination, HACCP
Makanan jajanan pada Kantin Sekolah Dasar memiliki potensi yang sangat besar dalam pemenuhan gizi anak sekolah, disamping itu juga memiliki tingkat kerawanan yang dapat menimbulkan kasus keracunan makanan apabila tidak dilakukan pembinaan yang maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kontaminasi E.coli pada makanan jajanan di Kantin Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional pada 65 Kantin Sekolah Dasar Negeri dan Swasta di Wilayah Jakarta Pusat pada bulan April-Mei Tahun 2009. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi square. Kontaminasi E.coli positif pada makanan sebesar 37 (56,92%), pada minuman sebesar 40 (61,54%), pada makanan dan minuman sebesar 49 (75,4%), kualitas E.coli air bersih yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebesar 27 (41,5%). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kontaminasi E.coli dengan penyimpanan makanan matang dengan OR=6,783, penyajian makanan dengan OR=6,188, fasilitas sanitasi dengan OR=9,214 dan tenaga penjamah makanan dengan OR=7,407 dengan risiko sebesar 37,08 Disarankan untuk dilakukan peningkatan program usaha kesehatan sekolah (UKS), perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat kepada para pedagang dan anak sekolah, serta menyediakan fasilitas sanitasi dan penyajian makanan yang memenuhi syarat di Kantin Sekolah Dasar.
Nibbles food at the primary school's canteen has two differences side, in one hand, it has known as a potential role in fulfilling the nutrition of the school age children, but in another hand, it has also a potential role for the entry point to a food poisoning cases if a proper food management has not been maximally applied. The purpose of the study is to find out the factors related to E. coli contamination on nibbles food at the primary school's canteen. The study is using a cross-sectional design of 65 Public and Private Primary Schools at the area of Central Jakarta. Data are taken from April to May 2009. Chi-square is used as the statistic's test. The study results are that a positive E. coli contamination found 37 (56.92%) on nibble's food, 40 (61.54%) on drinks, and on both food and drinks are 49 (75.4%). The quality of E. coli in the water that fails to meet a good requirement is 27 (41.5%). There is significant relationship between E. coli contamination and cooked food storage with an OR at 6.783, food presentation with OR at 6.188, sanitation provision with an OR at 9.214, and food service attendant with an OR at 7.407 with risk at 37,08. It is suggested an increasing on the programs of Health School Program (UKS) and the Healthy and Clean Life Behavior Program (PHBS) intended for the canteen's vendors and the students itself, as well as to provide the sanitation facility and food performance management which meet the requirements for Primary School's canteen.
Kata kunci :Salmonella sp, hygiene, Rumah Potong Hewan Unggas, RPHU
Foodstuffs from cattle is an excellent medium for the growth of pathogenicmicroorganisms. Poultry meat contains a lot of Salmonella sp. which has the potential tocause foodborne disease, which can be detrimental to health of people who consumechicken meat. Poultry Slaughter House (RPHU) as one means of chicken meat providermay have a potential impact on chain of Salmonella sp. The potential spread ofSalmonella sp. may come from employee hygiene RPHU and equipment that do notmeet the ISO standard house chicken cuts that will increase microbial contamination,and therefore need related research contamination Salmonella sp in chicken meatPoultry Slaughterhouse in East Jakarta. The research method using descriptive studiesto describe situations and events during the study. The samples are samples of chickenbreast and thigh meat and abattoir employees. Research data collection usinginterviews, observation and laboratory tests. The results obtained from this study is theresult of laboratory tests of samples of chicken meat is negative and 60.4% goodemployee hygiene. Conclusion of chicken meat production from eastern Jakarta RPHUis qualified microbiologist and employee hygiene pretty good.
Keywords :Salmonella sp, hygiene, Slaughterhouse Poultry, RPHU.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran higiene penjamah makanan, sanitasi makanan, dan sanitasi lingkungan serta kontaminasi salmonella pada makanan yang disajikan di kantin-kantin universitas indonesia. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi cross sectional ini menggunakan data primer. Data primer berupa hasil pengujian sampel makanan di laboratorium dengan metode total plate count dan observasi terhadap higiene penjamah makanan, sanitasi makanan, dan sanitasi lingkungan kantin dengan bantuan check list.
Penelitian menemukan bahwa sebagian besar makanan yang disajikan di kantin positif terkontaminasi salmonella (53,0%). Untuk setiap pengelola kantin fakultas hendaknya memberikan pelatihan kepada penjamah makanan terkait praktik cuci tangan yang benar, menyediakan fasilitas tempat cuci tangan dilengkapi dengan sabun dan air mengalir, penyediaan lemari penyimpanan makanan matang yang tertutup, tempat sampah dan toilet yang memenuhi syarat.
Salmonella bacteria as a biological hazard if contaminating food will cause foodborne diseases such as typhoid fever. Indonesia is the third highest incidence of typhoid fever in asia (81.7 per 100,000 / year). The canteen as a food processing place must meet the sanitary requirements and guarantee the security of the food being sold. Although there is still found the food that positively contains salmonella (0.18%).
The aim of the study is to know the description of hygiene of food handler, food sanitation, and environmental sanitation and salmonella contamination on food served in canteens of universitas indonesia. The study was descriptive research with cross sectional study design using primary data. Primary data is the result of food sample test in laboratory with total plate count method and observation on hygiene of food handler, food sanitation, and environmental sanitation of canteen with the help of checklist.
The study found most of the food served in the canteen was positively contaminated with salmonella (53.0%). For every faculty cafeteria manager should provide training on food handlers related to proper hand-washing practices, provide hand-washing facilities with soap and running water, provide closet-covered of food storage, bins and sanitary toilets.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kejadian infeksi bakteri patogen pada penjamah makanan di kantin sebuah kampus di Depok. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Mei-Juni 2017 di kantin sebuah kampus di Depok. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh penjamah makanan yang berada di kantin sebuah kampus di Depok. Jumlah sampel 60 orang penjamah makanan. Data yang dikumpulkan merupakan data primer yaitu hasil wawancara dan observasi data karakteristik dan perilaku penjamah, serta data infeksi bakteri patogen melalui pemeriksaan feses di laboratorium.
Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa 60% penjamah makanan termasuk dalam kelompok umur tidak berisiko (30-50 tahun), proporsi penjamah makanan berjenis kelamin laki-laki sedikit lebih banyak dari perempuan (53,3%), mayoritas berpendidikan rendah (58,3 %), setengahnya pernah mengikuti pelatihan kesehatan (50%), dan seluruhnya belum pernah melakukan imunisasi tifoid. Hasil pemeriksaan feses diketahui bahwa ada 3 penjamah makanan yang teridentifikasi mengandung bakteri E.coli O157 dalam fesesnya. Selain itu perilaku dan personal hygiene sebagian besar penjamah termasuk dalam kategori kurang baik, faktor lingkungan seperti fasilitas sanitasi kantin sebagian besar sudah memenuhi syarat, dan 83,3 % penjamah tidak ada riwayat kontak dengan binatang. Secara statistik tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara karakteristik, perilaku, personal hygiene, fasilitas sanitasi dan riwayat kontak dengan binatang terhadap infeksi bakteri patogen.
Dengan melihat hasil penelitian ini, disarankan agar pihak kampus terus melakukan edukasi terhadap penjamah makanan terkait perilaku dalam pengelolaan makanan dan pengawasan secara rutin terhadap kualitas kesehatan penjamah, kualitas makanan dan kondisi sanitasi agar kantin dan penjamah tidak menjadi sarana penyebaran penyakit. Kata kunci : bakteri patogen, E.coli 157, penjamah makanan, kantin
Food safety has become an important issue in public health. Approximately 10-20% of the outbreak of foodborne illness is caused by food and water contamination by pathogenic microorganisms through food handlers. Until now there has been no research on pathogenic bacteria at food handlers in this canteen.
The aim of this study is to know the incidence of pathogenic bacterial infections among food handlers in the cafeteria of a campus in Depok. The research design used was cross sectional. The study was conducted in May-June 2017 in the canteen of a campus in Depok. The population of this study is all food handlers located in the cafeteria of a campus in Depok. The sample size is 60 food handlers. The data collected are primary data that is the result of interview and observation of characteristic and behavioral data of the food handler, and data of bacterial pathogen infection by stool examination in the laboratory.
The results of the study revealed that 60% of food handlers were included in the non-risk age group (30-50 years), the proportion of male sex food handlers was slightly higher than women (53.3%), the majority of them were low educated (58.3% , Half have attended health training (50%), and all have never done tifoid immunization. The results of faecal examination revealed that there are 3 food handlers identified contain bacteria E. coli O157 in their faeces. In addition, the behavior and personal hygiene of most of the handlers are in poor category, environmental factors such as canteen sanitation facilities are largely eligible, and 83.3% of the handlers have no history of contact with animals. There was no statistically significant relationship between characteristics, behavior, personal hygiene, sanitation facilities and contact history with animals against pathogenic bacterial infections.
By looking at the results of this study, it is suggested that the campus continue to educate food handlers related to behavior in food management and regular supervision on the quality of health of the handlers, food quality and sanitary conditions for canteen and food handlers not be a means of spreading the disease. Key words: Pathogenic bacteria, E.coli 157, food handlers, canteen
Kata Kunci: E. Coli, Penjamah makanan, Restoran, Bandara Soekarno Hatta
The purpose of this study was to analyze the contamination of E.coli inrestaurant in the area of Soekarno Hatta International Airport. Variables thatexamined in this study are including the hygiene of food handlers, locationand building, and the presence of vector. This study used a cross-sectionaldesign, using 44 restaurants in the area of Soekarno Hatta InternationalAirport in 2015, as samples. The result based on multivariate analysis showedthat the hygiene of food handlers (p=0.007, OR=10.340) and the location andbuilding (p=0.040, OR=16.237) shows the influence of E.coli contaminationon food. The results of the study also showed that all restaurants requiredadditional operational posters for food handlers showing the caution to alwayswash hands and to keep the workplace clean. The poster should also containreminder for food handlers to always use gloves, food tonges, and aprons toavoid direct contact between food handlers with the food to be served.
Keywords: E. Coli, Food Handler, Restaurant, Soekarno Hatta Airport.
