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Kata kunci: Skizofrenia, kasus kontrol, Kabupaten Bogor
Schizophrenia is a a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects thinking, feeling, and behavior of a person. In Indonesia, the prevalence of schizophrenia is 1.7 per 1,000 populations. The number of visits of mental disorders in puskesmas of Bogor Regency has increased significantly from 1,648 to 13,390 in 2013-14. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with schizophrenia in Bogor Regency 2017. An unmatched case-control was conducted in 63 health centers of Bogor regency from May-June 2017. Cases were schizophrenic patient aged 15-50 years diagnosed by physicians/specialists and recorded in the register of Bogor district health centers in 2017. Controls were the healthy people aged 15-50 and domiciled in Bogor Regency. A total of 229 cases and 229 controls were selected by multistage sampling technique. Probability proportional to size was usedto determine the number of samples from each puskesmas. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaires was used to collect relevant data from controls and one of the family members of cases. Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression were applied for data analysis. Folowing factors were associated with schizophrenia: male gender (AdjOR: 11.68; 95% CI: 4.96 -27.50), family history of schizophrenia (AdjOR: 4.02; 95 %CI: 1,90-8,48), basic education (AdjOR: 30.63; 95%CI: 4.21-222.81), secondary education (AdjOR: 25.35; 95% CI: 3.51-182.90), unemployed (AdjOR: 5.6; 95 %CI 2,52-12,45), unmarried (AdjOR: 10,20; 95%CI 2,52-12,45), problems in the family (AdjOR: 4.93; 95%CI 2.43-9.99) and problems at work / school (AdjOR: 32.60; 95%CI 7.29 - 145.76). In the study setting, biological (male and family history of schizophrenia),sociodemographic (low level of education, unemployment and unmarried) and environmental factors (problems in family, workplaceor school) were associated with schizophrenia. Prospective analytical studies are needed to further explore these associations.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, case control, Bogor district
Hypertension is known as an asymptomatic disease that causes premature death while it's prevalence continues to increase every year. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factor related to hypertension at Cisadea Primary Health Center in 2021. The dependent variable of this study is hypertension and the independent variable is sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education level), health status (body mass index and family history), and lifestyles (smoking habits, physical activity, and consumption of fruit and vegetables). This study used cross-sectional design with bivariate and stratification analysis. This study uses secondary data from screening factor related with non-communicable disease with total sample of 608 people aged 15-64 years. The results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 53,5% and the risk factors associated with hypertension were age (PR=1,69; 95% CI: 1,32-2,17, p value=0,000), family history (PR=1,67; 95% CI: 1,36-2,06, p value=0,002), and body mass index (PR=1,36; 95% CI: 1,16-1,59, p value=0,001). Regulations on the inclusion of the number of calories in restaurants and food companies, anti-obesity campaigns, and requiring each agency or company to perform physical activity at work are some of the efforts to maintain normal BMI status and reduce the risk of hypertension
Currently, Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria have infected about a quarter of the world's population that spreads through the air and Indonesia is one of the countries with a high burden of tuberculosis. 4 out of 6 provinces in Java are included in the 10 provinces with the highest prevalence of pulmonary TB, namely Banten, West Java, DKI Jakarta, and Central Java with the prevalence of pulmonary TB above 0.4 which is the Indonesian average. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between individual characteristics and environmental conditions with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the population aged 15 years in Java Island in 2018. The study design used was cross-sectional using Riskesdas 2018 data. used are 216,098 respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variables that had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis were gender, nutritional status, education level, smoking, number of family members, main room lighting, kitchen lighting, living room lighting, presence of main bedroom window, presence of kitchen windows, main bedroom ventilation, and kitchen. It is important to increase public knowledge related to the transmission and prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis, including providing education about the criteria for healthy homes, as well as increasing case finding surveillance by increasing the empowerment of health cadres.
ABSTRAK Di Kabupaten Pacitan kasus malaria didominasi oleh pekerja musiman yang pulang bekerja dari luar jawa 347 orang (95,8% dari total kasus) pada tahun 2011. Berdasarkan surveilans aktif Puskesmas Tegalombo prosentase pekerja musiman bergejala klinis malaria yang pulang dari luar Jawa tidak memeriksakan ke layanan kesehatan sebesar 76,6%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku pencarian pengobatan malaria klinis pekerja musiman yang bekerja keluar pulau jawa setelah kepulangannya di daerah asal tempat tinggalnya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 270 pekerja musiman, berumur ≥ 17 tahun dengan gejala klinis malaria 1 bulan setelah kedatangannya dari luar Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 37,4% pekerja musiman melakukan pengobatan sendiri malaria klinis yang dideritanya. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara variabel pengetahuan dan jarak dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan malaria klinis pekerja musiman keluar Pulau Jawa dengan OR masing-masing 2,43 (95% CI; 1.411-4.171) dan 3,38 ( 95 CI; 1,945- 5,862) Pendekatan layanan kesehatan hendaknya di ikuti dengan peningkatan pengetahuan petugas kesehatan khususnya bidan desa dan perawat untuk melakukan pengambilan sediaan darah guna penegakan diagnosis pasti malaria. Diperlukan peningkatan pengetahuan pekerja musiman melalui media penyuluhan
Abstract In Pacitan district case of malaria dominated by temporally workers who return to work from outside Java island. In 2011 total case of malaria by temporally 347 people (95.8% of total cases). Percentage of clinical malaria temporally workers who come from outside Java island not hecked into the Tegalombo health service is 76%. The Objective of this study was to determine clinical malaria treatment seeking behavior of temporally workers who work out of Java island after his return to his residence. Study design is cross sectional. Research subjects and as many as 270 temporally workers aged ≥ 17 years, one month after his arrival from outside Java. The results showed 37% of temporally workers make own treatment of clinical malaria symptoms that their suffered. There is a significant association between the variables of knowledge and distance with a clinical malaria treatment seeking behavior temporally workers with respective OR 2.43 (95% CI: 1411-4171) and 3.38 (95 CI: 1.945 to 5.862). Health care approach should be followed by an increase in knowledge of health workers, especially midwives and nurses to perform collection of blood preparation for definite diagnosis of malaria. Required increased knowledge of temporally workers through media outreach
According to Riskesdas 2013 and 2018, the highest prevalence of pneumonia in childrenunder five are the children aged 12-23 months. This study aims to identify the prevalenceand factors associated with pneumonia among children aged 12-23 months in Jawa Island.The study design used for this study is cross sectional with total sample of 2.695 children.Bivariate analysis is performed to identify factors associated with pneumonia. The resultsshow the prevalence of pneumonia among children aged 12-23 months is 5,5%. Measlesimmunization is significantly associated with pneumonia (POR= 1,743; 95% CI= 1,077-2,822). This study supports the importance of measles vaccination to prevent pneumonia.Intervention that can be implemented by the government is increasing measlesimmunization coverage through measles vaccination campaigns.Key words:Children Aged 12-23 Months, Pneumonia, Jawa Island.
