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PM2.5 dust exposure in the workplace will generally cause obstruction of the respiratory tract which is indicated by decreased lung function. Limestone industry workers are at great risk for the accumulation of inhaled dust in the respiratory tract. The absorption of dust exposed particles occurs through the respiratory mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PM2.5 dust exposure and impaired lung function in limestone processing industry workers in Nagari Tanjung Gadang, Lareh Sago Halaban District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. This research is an observational study with a cross sectional design with a total sample of 60 people. Data analysis to determine the relationship of PM2.5 dust exposure with workers' lung function in the form of risk factors that influence, namely gender, age, years of service, smoking habits, exercise habits, nutritional status, use of PPE and length of exposure, using the chi square test and stratification. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression test backward stepwise method. The results of the study found that PM2.5 dust exposure had a strong relationship with the occurrence of pulmonary function disorders (p value = 0.02 and OR = 5.833 and the probability of pulmonary function disorders for workers working in workplaces with dust concentrations above was 68, 6%. In the future, this research is expected to be a material consideration for the government or related agencies in general and the health office as a reference for implementing programs related to the detrimental effects of work on workers' health and monitoring the work environment and surveillance of occupational health. So that the program runs optimally. it is necessary to promote occupational health behavior in the workplace.
Kata kunci : Gangguan fungsi paru, Industri pemotongan batu, PM2,5
PM2,5 concentration on the air can affect health when inhaled by human. It will bedeposited in the alveoli that could inflict an inflammatory reaction that causereduce lung volume and decreasing the lung function in human. Workers whowork in stone carving craft industry had a high risk of PM2,5 exposure that resultedfrom the process of cutting, forming and refining by using grinder. This crosssectional study purposed to assess the relationship between exposure of PM2,5 dustand impaired lung function among 100 workers who had fulfilled the inclusionand exclusion criteria in the Allakuang village, Maritengngae subdistrict, SidrapDistrict, South Sulawesi Province. Lung function was assessed by spirometry.PM2,5 concentration in the workspace was assessed by Haz dust EPAM 5000.Logistic regression analysis was carried out and showed a significant correlationbetween the PM2,5 concentration with impaired lung function (4,2; 1,68- 10.38).Another determinant factor was the work duration (2.4; 1,05-5,52) and wind speed(4,8; 1.93-11.77). Multivariate analysis showed that worker who work on thework space with high concentration of PM2,5 tend to have 6.86 times higher risk ofsuffering from impaired lung function after adjusted by wind speed, humidity,temperature, work duration and using PPE (Personal protective equipment). Therewas significant association between the level of dust exposure with impaired lungfunction. Hence, it is necessary to control the dust exposure.The finding of thisstudy could be used as a consideration of health and safety programsimplementation among workers and monitoring the implementation of work spaceand also the surveillance of occupational health.
Key words: impaired lung function, Stone cutting industry, PM2,5
ABSTRAK Gangguan pernapasan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada bayi/balita. Pembakaran batu kapur yang terletak di Desa Tamansari Kabupaten Karawang gangguan pernapasan masih menempati urutan teratas dari data 10 besar penyakit yang diderita oleh bayi/balita. Partikel debu dari proses pembakaran batu kapur merupakan salah satu pencemar terhadap udara lingkungan yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi PM10 dalam rumah yang berdampak buruk pada masalah gangguan pernapasan penghuni rumah termasuk bayi dan balita yang sangat rentan terhadap bahan pencemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara konsentrasi PM10 dalam rumah dengan gangguan pernapasan pada bayi dan balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi crosssectional dengan besar sampel 130 bayi/balita. Data PM10 dan variabel lainnya dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran, interview dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan gangguan pernapasan pada bayi/balita adalah PM10 dalam rumah (4,92; 2,25-10,74), ventilasi (2,62; 1,18-5,79), jenis dinding (2,33; 1,10-4,95), kelembaban (2,35; 1,10-5,04), suhu (2,44; 1,15-5,18), asap rokok (5,40; 1,74-16,75), dan pendidikan ibu (2,86; 1,16-7,07) dengan kejadian gangguan pernapasan. Disimpulkan bahwa Kelompok yang berisiko ( konsentrasi PM10 > 70 μg/m3) 13,42 kali berpeluang untuk mengalami gangguan pernapasan dibandingkan pada kelompok yang tidak berisiko (konsentrasi PM10 ≤ 70 μg/m3).
ABSTRACT Respiratory disease is a health problem that often occur on infants/young children. Limestone combustion located around the village of Tamansari, Karawang District and respiratory disease still tops the list of 10 diseases suffered by infants/young children. Dust particles from the process of limestone combustion is one of the environmental air pollutants that affect indoor PM10 concentration. This can adversely affect the respiratory disease inside the household, including infants/young children who are vulnerable to pollutants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the indoor PM10 concentration and respiratory diseases in infants/young children. Study design was cross-sectional, conducted on 130 infants/young children. PM10 and data of other variables collected through measurement, interviews and observation. The results showed that the variables significantly associated with respiratory diseases in infants/young children are indoor PM10 (4.92; 2.25-10.74), ventilation (2.62; 1.18-5.79), type of wall (2.33; 1.10-4.95), humidity (2.35; 1.10-5.04), temperature (2.44; 1.15-5.18), smoking family members (5.40 ; 1.74-16.75), maternal education (2.86; 1.16-7.07) with the occurrence of respiratory disease. Risk analysis shows that at-risk group (PM10 concentrations>70 μg/m3) are 13,42 times have the risk experiencing respiratory disorders than the non-risk group (PM10 concentrations ≤ 70 μg/m3).
Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan masalah kesehatan pertama pada sepuluh data penyakit terbesar di Desa Padabeunghar Kecamatan Jampangtengah Kabupaten Sukabumi. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya kegiatan industri kapur. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pajanan PM10 terhadap gangguan iritasi dan infeksi saluran pernapasan yang dialami oleh penduduk dengan menggunakan rancangan studi potong lintang (cross sectional). Sebanyak 30 RT terpilih sebagai cluster dan mencakup 334 penduduk sebagai responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji kai kuadrat dan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh Konsentrasi PM10 0.017 – 1.101 mg/m 3 dengan rata- 3 rata 0.292 mg/m . Jumlah responden yang mengalami gangguan pernapasan 107 orang (32%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara Konsentrasi PM10 (p=0.0005), Intake PM10 (p=0.005), lama tinggal (p=0.029), bahan bakar memasak (p=0.044) dan anggota keluarga mengalami gangguan pernapasan (p=0.018) dengan gangguan saluran pernapasan penduduk. Hasil uji regresi logistik ganda model faktor risiko menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara konsentrasi PM10 udara ambien dengan gangguan saluran pernapasan nilai (OR=2.4 ; 95% CI : 1.168 – 5.078). Kata Kunci : Pencemaran udara, PM10 Udara Ambien, Penambangan Batu Kapur Tradisional, Gangguan Saluran Pernapasan
Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is defined as the first health problem amongst the worst 10 health problems in Padabeunghar Village, Sub District of Jampangtengah in the regency of Sukabumi. It is due to the limestone industry activities in this area. This study was to perceive the relationship between the exposure of PM10 and respiratory irritation and infection, which was being suffered by the people, using Cross Sectional approach. As many as 30 neighbourhood associations had been selected as a cluster with 334 respondents. Chi Square and Double Logistic Regression Tests were used for data analysis. Experimental results showed that PM10 concentration ranged between 0.017 – 1.101 mg/m 3 with the average of 0.292 mg/m 3 . Number of respondents that were suffered respiration tract disorder is 107 (32%). The results showed the correlations amongst concentration of PM10 (p=0.0005), intake PM10 (p=0.005), exposure period (p=0.029), cooking fuel (p=0.044), and family members experiencing respiratory infections (p=0.018) with the respiration infected people. Double logistic regression test yields risk factor model OR=2.4 (95% CI: 1.168 – 5.078) for correlation between concentration of PM10 air ambient and respiration infections. Keywords: Air pollution, PM10 air ambient, traditional limestone mining, respiratory tract disorder
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 terhadap penurunan fungsi paru pada karyawan Pabrik Bogor PT. X, tahun 2017.
Metode: Studi cross-sectional dilaksanakan di area produksi Plant 1 dan Plant 2, area tambang, dan area kantor pada Pabrik Bogor PT. X. 76 karyawan tetap terpilih secara purposive sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran PM2,5 dan faktor- faktor lingkungan dilakukan secara indoor dan outdoor disesuaikan dengan area tersebut. Dilakukan pengukuran fungsi paru secara spirometri, dan pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 menggunakan Haz-Dust dan MiniVol Air Sampler. Data lainnya diperoleh dari wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis secara bivariat dengan metode chi-square, dan analisis multivariat dengan metode regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil: Secara bivariat dengan penurunan fungsi paru, hanya ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara penggunaan APD dan penurunan fungsi paru (p=0,030; OR: 4,688; CI: 1,174-18,721). PM2,5 meningkatkan risiko sebesar 3,3 kali (CI: 0,657- 16,902). Faktor lainnya yang meningkatkan risiko antara lain usia (OR: 1,8; CI: 0,207-15,687), status gizi (OR: 5,143; CI: 0,614-43,103), derajat berat merokok (OR: 1,64; CI: 0,431-6,236), dan kebiasaan berolahraga (OR: 4,2; CI: 0,499- 35,340). Ditemukan fenomena Healthy Worker Effect pada penelitian ini, dengan adanya risiko pada kelompok masa kerja 35 μg/m3 memiliki risiko sebesar 2,094 lebih tinggi untuk mengalami penurunan fungsi paru setelah dikontrol oleh variabel-variabel confouding yaitu penggunaan APD, masa kerja, usia, dan status gizi.
Saran: Perlu diadakan penelitian lanjutan dengan pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan untuk melihat estimasi risiko berdasarkan asupan.
Kata kunci: PM2,5, penurunan fungsi paru, industri semen, cross-sectional
Metal smelting workers are at risk of health effects due to their exposure to particulate matter (PM2,5). The purpose of this study is to estimate the risk due exposure of PM2,5 in ambient air in the work environment of the Small Industrial Village (PIK) of Kebasen Village, Talang District, Tegal Regency. This study used primary data with 42 respondents and 5 air sample points by using the Dusttrak II TSI tool. The method used is an environmental health risk analysis that produces daily intake and risk quotient (RQ) values based on PM2,5 concentration, exposure patterns, and body weight. Respondents in this study had an average weight value of 56,926 kg and had an average inhalation rate of 0,6017 mg/m3. The median value for exposure time is 8 hours/day, the median frequency of exposure is 273,5 days/year, and the median duration of real-time exposure is 8,5 years. Some workers begin to be at risk (RQ>1) at the time of real time exposure with a minimum concentration of 254 µg/m3.
