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Naura Azka Nabila; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Bambang Wispriyono, Qobus Abdul Qowey
S-10185
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Andrew Luis Krishna; Pembimbing: Dewi Susanna; Penguji: Abdul Rahman, Randy Novirsa
Abstrak:
Debu total atau TSP adalah jumlah debu total yang tersuspensi di udaradengan ukuran partikel dibawah 100μm. Pajanan TSP yang tersuspensi di udaraterutama di udara ambien dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungansekitar dan dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan pada manusia terutamagangguan pernapasan. Salah satu sumber penghasil TSP terbanyak di Indonesiasendiri adalah proyek konstruksi yang sedang banyak dilakukan oleh PemerintahIndonesia terutama di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Oleh karena itu, penelitian inidilakukan untuk menghitung risiko yang diterima oleh masyarakat terutamapekerja konstruksi terhadap pajanan TSP di udara ambien terhadap munculnyagangguan pernapasan di Proyek Konstruksi Jalan Tol Becakayu. Risiko dihitungdengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan berdasarkan metodeLouvar yang menghasilkan nilai Intake pajanan yang diterima individu per hariberdasarkan nilai konsentrasi pajanan, pola aktivitas individu, dan nilaiantropometri. Konsentrasi TSP yang digunakan untuk penghitungan tingkat risikoadalah konsentrasi TSP di tiga titik tertinggi konsentrasinya dan dengan tingkataktivitas kegiatan konstruksi tertinggi, sedangkan pola aktivitas dan nilaiantropometri diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner pada 56 responden pekerjadi wilayah Proyek Konstruski Jalan Tol Becakayu. Hasil perhitungan risiko yangditerima seumur hidup (lifetime) menunjukkan semua titik penelitian berisikodengan nilai RQ > 1. Diperlukan adanya manajemen risiko untuk meminimalisirdampak negatif yang diterima oleh pekerja dan masyarakat sekitar proyek.
Kata Kunci: TSP, Gangguan Pernapasan, Analisis Risiko Pajanan TSP
Total dust or TSP is the total amount of dust suspended in the air with aparticle size below 100μm. TSP Exposure suspended in the air, especially in theambient air can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment and cancause health problems in humans, especially respiratory disorders. One of thelargest TSP source in Indonesia itself is a construction project that is being carriedout by the Government of Indonesia, especially in Jakarta. Therefore, this studywas conducted to calculate the risks accepted by the population, especiallyconstruction workers against exposure to TSP in ambient air to the emergence ofrespiratory disorder in Becakayu Toll Road Construction Project. Risk iscalculated with the method of Environmental Health Risk Assessment basedmethod that returns a value Louvar Intake received individual exposure per daybased on the exposure concentration, activity patterns of individuals, and thevalue of anthropometry. TSP concentration used for the calculation of the level ofrisk is the concentration of TSP in the three highest point of concentration and thehighest activity level of construction activity, while activity patterns andanthropometric values measured using a questionnaire at 56 respondents workingin the Becakayu Toll Road Construction Project Area. The result of thecalculation of risk acceptable lifetime show all risky research points to the valueof RQ> 1. Required a risk management to minimize the negative impacts receivedby workers and the public about the project.
Key word: TSP, Respiratory Disoders, Risk Assessment of TSP Exposure
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Kata Kunci: TSP, Gangguan Pernapasan, Analisis Risiko Pajanan TSP
Total dust or TSP is the total amount of dust suspended in the air with aparticle size below 100μm. TSP Exposure suspended in the air, especially in theambient air can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment and cancause health problems in humans, especially respiratory disorders. One of thelargest TSP source in Indonesia itself is a construction project that is being carriedout by the Government of Indonesia, especially in Jakarta. Therefore, this studywas conducted to calculate the risks accepted by the population, especiallyconstruction workers against exposure to TSP in ambient air to the emergence ofrespiratory disorder in Becakayu Toll Road Construction Project. Risk iscalculated with the method of Environmental Health Risk Assessment basedmethod that returns a value Louvar Intake received individual exposure per daybased on the exposure concentration, activity patterns of individuals, and thevalue of anthropometry. TSP concentration used for the calculation of the level ofrisk is the concentration of TSP in the three highest point of concentration and thehighest activity level of construction activity, while activity patterns andanthropometric values measured using a questionnaire at 56 respondents workingin the Becakayu Toll Road Construction Project Area. The result of thecalculation of risk acceptable lifetime show all risky research points to the valueof RQ> 1. Required a risk management to minimize the negative impacts receivedby workers and the public about the project.
Key word: TSP, Respiratory Disoders, Risk Assessment of TSP Exposure
S-9136
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Surjanto; Pemb. I Made Djaja, Fatma Lestari; Peng. Rachmadi Purwana, Wahyu Pito Supeni, Nety Widayati
T-2533
Depok : FKM UI, 2007
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Novita Laela Sumbara; Pembimbing: Haryoto Kusnoputranto; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Muchtar Mawardi
Abstrak:
Pekerja peleburan logam berisiko terhadap dampak kesehatan akibat pajanan particulate matter (PM2,5). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengestimasi risiko akibat pajanan dari PM2,5 pada udara ambien di lingkungan kerja Kawasan Perkampungan Industri Kecil (PIK) Desa Kebasen Kecamatan Talang Kabupaten Tegal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan responden sebanyak 42 pekerja dan 5 titik sampel udara menggunakan alat DustTrak II TSI. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan yang menghasilkan nilai intake perhari dan risk quotient (RQ) berdasarkan konsentrasi PM2,5, pola pajanan, dan berat badan. Responden pada penelitian ini memiliki nilai rata-rata berat badan sebesar 56,926 kg dan rata-rata laju inhalasi 0,6017 mg/m3. Nilai median untuk waktu pajanan 8 jam/hari, median frekuensi pajanan 273,5 hari/tahun, dan median durasi pajanan real time 8,5 tahun. Beberapa pekerja mulai berisiko (RQ>1) di saat durasi pajanan real time dengan konsentrasi minimal sebesar 254 µg/m3 . Manajemen risiko dilakukan dengan mengurangi waktu dan frekuensi pajanan.
Metal smelting workers are at risk of health effects due to their exposure to particulate matter (PM2,5). The purpose of this study is to estimate the risk due exposure of PM2,5 in ambient air in the work environment of the Small Industrial Village (PIK) of Kebasen Village, Talang District, Tegal Regency. This study used primary data with 42 respondents and 5 air sample points by using the Dusttrak II TSI tool. The method used is an environmental health risk analysis that produces daily intake and risk quotient (RQ) values based on PM2,5 concentration, exposure patterns, and body weight. Respondents in this study had an average weight value of 56,926 kg and had an average inhalation rate of 0,6017 mg/m3. The median value for exposure time is 8 hours/day, the median frequency of exposure is 273,5 days/year, and the median duration of real-time exposure is 8,5 years. Some workers begin to be at risk (RQ>1) at the time of real time exposure with a minimum concentration of 254 µg/m3.
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Metal smelting workers are at risk of health effects due to their exposure to particulate matter (PM2,5). The purpose of this study is to estimate the risk due exposure of PM2,5 in ambient air in the work environment of the Small Industrial Village (PIK) of Kebasen Village, Talang District, Tegal Regency. This study used primary data with 42 respondents and 5 air sample points by using the Dusttrak II TSI tool. The method used is an environmental health risk analysis that produces daily intake and risk quotient (RQ) values based on PM2,5 concentration, exposure patterns, and body weight. Respondents in this study had an average weight value of 56,926 kg and had an average inhalation rate of 0,6017 mg/m3. The median value for exposure time is 8 hours/day, the median frequency of exposure is 273,5 days/year, and the median duration of real-time exposure is 8,5 years. Some workers begin to be at risk (RQ>1) at the time of real time exposure with a minimum concentration of 254 µg/m3.
S-10492
Depok : FKM UI, 2020
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Annisa Putri Calista; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Dharma Ningsih Dwi Putri
Abstrak:
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Pencemaran udara menjadi ancaman besar bagi masyarakat dunia. Salah satu indikator yang umum adalah Particulate Matter 2.5 atau PM 2.5. PM 2.5 merupakan polutan yang dapat masuk ke paru-paru bahkan sampai pada alveolus dan dapat berdifusi ke pembuluh darah. PM 2.5 juga dapat mengandung ataupun mengadsorpsi logam berat, gas beracun, virus, bakteri, dan zat berbahaya lainnya. Tingginya konsentrasi PM 2.5 dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek kesehatan pada manusia. Salah satu sumber PM 2.5 adalah transportasi. Sekolah yang lokasinya dekat dengan jalan raya berisiko terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko kesehatan terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 pada siswa dan guru yang bekerja di SDN Cisalak 1 Tahun 2024. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) dari Bulan Maret-Mei 2024. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 23 guru dan 63 siswa kelas 4 dan kelas 5. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM 2.5 dilakukan di 5 titik menggunakan alat DustTrak DRX 8533 selama 1 jam di tiap titiknya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsentrasi PM 2.5 di SDN Cisalak 1 adalah 0,208 mg/m3 atau 0,121 mg/m3 setelah dikonversi menjadi konsentrasi 24 jam. Konsentrasi tersebut masih berada di atas baku mutu Permenkes RI No. 2 Tahun 2023. Besar risiko secara realtime dan lifespan, baik pada siswa maupun guru secara keseluruhan menyatakan nilai RQ ≤ 1 yang artinya secara keseluruhan, siswa dan guru masih aman dari pajanan PM 2.5 dengan konsentrasi tidak lebih dari 0,208 mg/m3. Namun, jika dilakukan perhitungan secara individu, didapatkan sebanyak 4,48% dan 55,5% siswa berisiko terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 secara realtime dan lifespan. Sdangkan pada guru sebanyak 72,7% guru berisiko terhadap pajanan PM 2.5 secara lifespan selama 30 tahun. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir risiko tersebut adalah dengan melakukan pembatasan pajanan melalui pembersihan ruang kelas secara rutin, penyortiran barang atau berkas, dan melakukan penghijauan di area sekolah.
Air pollution is a major threat to world society. One common indicator is Particulate Matter 2.5 or PM 2.5. PM 2.5 is a pollutant that can enter the lungs and even reach the alveoli and can diffuse into the blood vessels. PM 2.5 can also contain or adsorb heavy metals, toxic gases, viruses, bacteria and other dangerous substances. High concentrations of PM 2.5 can cause various health effects in humans. One source of PM 2.5 is transportation. Schools that located close to highways have a high risk of PM 2.5 exposure. This study aims to estimate the health risk of exposure to PM 2.5 in students and teachers working at SDN Cisalak 1 in 2024. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) method from March-May 2024. The sample in this study consisted of 23 teachers and 63 students in grades 4 and 5. PM 2.5 concentrations were measured at 5 points using a DustTrak DRX 8533 for 1 hour at each point. The results of this study show that the average PM 2.5 concentration at SDN Cisalak 1 is 0.208 mg/m3 or 0.121 mg/m3 after being converted to a 24 hour concentration. This concentration is still above the quality standards of Permenkes RI No. 2 Tahun 2023. The overall RQ value, for both students and teachers, is RQ ≤ 1, which means that overall, students and teachers are still safe from exposure to PM 2.5 with a concentration of no more than 0.208 mg/m3. From individual calculations, the results showed that 4.48% and 55.5% of students were at risk of exposure to PM 2.5 in realtime and lifespan. Meanwhile, 72.7% of teachers are at risk of exposure to PM 2.5 over a lifespan of 30 years. To reduce exposure can be done by cleaning up the classrooms, sorting items or files, and planting trees in school area.
S-11615
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Astrid Salome Evelina; Pembimbing: Kusnoputranto; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Agustin Kusumayati, Cucu Cakrawati Kosim, Astuti Burhan
Abstrak:
Sentra industri keramik Plered berbentuk home industry yang mana proses dan teknologi yang digunakan masih sederhana sehingga emisi yang dihasilkan pun belum terlalu menjadi perhatian. Dengan demikian, jika tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat menyebabkan pencemaran udara yang dapat berisiko pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan risiko kesehatan dan gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja akibat pajanan PM10 di udara pada lingkungan sentra industri keramik Plered. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional serta dengan pendekatan metode campuran (mix method) Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) dan Epidemiologi Kesehatan Lingkungan (EKL). Pengukuran mencakup pengukuran konsentrasi PM10 menggunakan High Volume Air Sampling (HVAS) dengan metode gravimetri sesuai pedoman SNI 7119.15:2016, pengukuran berat badan dengan timbangan, pengukuran tinggi badan dengan mikrotoa, wawancara dengan kuesioner dan tes spirometri/pengukuran fungsi paru dengan spirometer. Jumlah sampel pekerja sebanyak 107 orang dan pada 30 orang sampel pekerja dilakukan tes spirometri dengan kriteria masa kerja yang terlama. Konsentrasi PM10 sebesar 0,2 mg/m 3 telah melebihi NAB sebesar 0,1 mg/m 3 sehingga terdapat risiko yang perlu dikendalikan. Namun tingkat risiko kesehatan pekerja (risk quotient/RQ) (0,008) masih rendah (RQ<1) yang mana dipengaruhi oleh rata-rata asupan pada pekerja/intake (I) yang juga masih rendah (0,02 mg/kg/hari) masih jauh dari nilai default RfC (2,42 mg/kg/hari). Hal tersebut dipengaruhi rata-rata berat badan/IMT pekerja dalam kategori normal dan walaupun konsentrasi PM10 sudah di atas NAB ternyata baru pada konsentrasi PM10 sebesar 23 mg/m 3 menghasilkan rata-rata asupan pada pekerja/intake (I) sebesar 2,46 mg/kg/hari yang mana melebihi nilai RfC sebesar 2,42 mg/kg/hari sehingga menghasilkan tingkat risiko kesehatan pekerja (risk quotient/RQ) sebesar 1,01 (RQ>1). Sementara kejadian gangguan fungsi paru (fungsi paru tidak normal) pada pekerja cukup tinggi dimana sebanyak 27 orang dari 30 orang sampel pekerja (90 %) menderita gangguan fungsi paru (fungsi paru tidak normal). Ditemukan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat risiko kesehatan pekerja (risk quotient/RQ) dengan gangguan fungsi paru (fungsi paru tidak normal) pada pekerja (p=1,000). Kemungkinan karena RQ masih rendah, sumber pajanan lain dan faktor di luar tempat kerja. Terdapat perilaku pekerja yang sebagian besar (88 orang (82.24%) pekerja) belum menggunakan masker saat bekerja yang mana secara statistik berhubungan dengan tingkat risiko kesehatan pekerja (risk quotient/RQ) (p=0,028). Nilai RQ yang masih rendah, adanya sumber pajanan lain dan faktor di luar tempat kerja serta perilaku pekerja yang belum menggunakan masker selama bekerja mendorong perlu adanya pemantauan kesehatan lingkungan dan kesehatan kerja secara rutin serta penyuluhan dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran pribadi pekerja untuk menggunakan masker selama bekerja
Traditional ceramic industry Plered is a home industry in which the process and technology used are still simple, so the emissions produced are not yet a concern. Thus, if not managed properly it can cause air pollution which can pose a risk to human health. This study is to analyze the relationship between health risks and lung function disorder in workers due to particulate matter 10 µm (PM10) exposure in the air in Traditional Ceramic Industry Plered. This is a quantitative study with a cross sectional research design and a mixed method approach to Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) and Environmental Health Epidemiology (EKL). Measurements include measurements of PM10 concentrations using High Volume Air Sampling (HVAS) using gravimetric method according to the guidelines of SNI 7119.15:2016, measurement of body weight with scales, height measurement with microtoa, interviews with questionnaires and spirometry tests with spirometer. The number of sample workers was 107 people and the sample of 30 workers was subjected to a spirometric test with the longest working period criteria. PM10 concentration of 0.2 mg/m 3 has exceeded the NAV of 0.1 mg/m 3 so there are risks that need to be controlled. But the level of health risks of workers (risk quotient/RQ) (0.008) is still low (RQ <1) which is influenced by the average intake of workers/intake (I) which is also still low (0.02 mg/kg/day) is far from the default value of RfC (2.42 mg/kg/day). This is influenced by the average body weight/BMI of workers in the normal category and even though the PM10 concentration was above the NAV, it was found that the PM10 concentration was 23 mg/m 3 resulting in an intake (I) of 2.46 mg/kg /day which exceeds the value an RfC of 2.42 mg/kg/day, resulting in a worker's health risk level (risk quotient / RQ) of 1.01 (RQ> 1). While the incidence of lung function disorder in workers is quite high where as many as 27 people from 30 workers sample (90%) suffer from lung function disorder. There was no relationship between the level of health risks of workers (risk quotient/ RQ) with lung function disorder in workers (p = 1.000). This may be due to the low RQ, other sources of exposure and factors outside the workplace. There is the behavior of workers who most (88 people (82.24%) workers) have not used a mask when working which is statistically related to the level of health risks of workers (risk quotient/RQ) (p = 0.028). The low RQ value, the existence of other sources of exposure and factors outside the workplace as well as the behavior of workers who have not used masks while working encourage the need for regular environmental health and occupational health monitoring and counseling in fostering personal awareness of workers to use masks while working
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Traditional ceramic industry Plered is a home industry in which the process and technology used are still simple, so the emissions produced are not yet a concern. Thus, if not managed properly it can cause air pollution which can pose a risk to human health. This study is to analyze the relationship between health risks and lung function disorder in workers due to particulate matter 10 µm (PM10) exposure in the air in Traditional Ceramic Industry Plered. This is a quantitative study with a cross sectional research design and a mixed method approach to Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) and Environmental Health Epidemiology (EKL). Measurements include measurements of PM10 concentrations using High Volume Air Sampling (HVAS) using gravimetric method according to the guidelines of SNI 7119.15:2016, measurement of body weight with scales, height measurement with microtoa, interviews with questionnaires and spirometry tests with spirometer. The number of sample workers was 107 people and the sample of 30 workers was subjected to a spirometric test with the longest working period criteria. PM10 concentration of 0.2 mg/m 3 has exceeded the NAV of 0.1 mg/m 3 so there are risks that need to be controlled. But the level of health risks of workers (risk quotient/RQ) (0.008) is still low (RQ <1) which is influenced by the average intake of workers/intake (I) which is also still low (0.02 mg/kg/day) is far from the default value of RfC (2.42 mg/kg/day). This is influenced by the average body weight/BMI of workers in the normal category and even though the PM10 concentration was above the NAV, it was found that the PM10 concentration was 23 mg/m 3 resulting in an intake (I) of 2.46 mg/kg /day which exceeds the value an RfC of 2.42 mg/kg/day, resulting in a worker's health risk level (risk quotient / RQ) of 1.01 (RQ> 1). While the incidence of lung function disorder in workers is quite high where as many as 27 people from 30 workers sample (90%) suffer from lung function disorder. There was no relationship between the level of health risks of workers (risk quotient/ RQ) with lung function disorder in workers (p = 1.000). This may be due to the low RQ, other sources of exposure and factors outside the workplace. There is the behavior of workers who most (88 people (82.24%) workers) have not used a mask when working which is statistically related to the level of health risks of workers (risk quotient/RQ) (p = 0.028). The low RQ value, the existence of other sources of exposure and factors outside the workplace as well as the behavior of workers who have not used masks while working encourage the need for regular environmental health and occupational health monitoring and counseling in fostering personal awareness of workers to use masks while working
T-5993
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nada Syifa; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Syafran Arrazy
Abstrak:
Pencemaran udara luar ruangan telah menjadi salah satu risiko lingkungan terbesar terhadap kesehatan. Pedagang kaki lima dianggap sebagai populasi yang paling berisiko karena bekerja dalam waktu yang cukup lama dan secara terus-menerus terpapar polusi udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan agen risiko partikulat yaitu Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, dan PM2.5 terhadap pedagang kaki lima di Kelurahan Glodok, Jakarta Barat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) menggunakan data primer dengan jumlah sampel pedagang kaki lima sebanyak 65 responden. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, konsentrasi TSP sebesar 43 μg/m3, PM10 sebesar 25 μg/m3, dan PM2.5 sebesar 16 μg/m3. Seluruh konsentrasi partikulat masih di bawah standar baku mutu Indonesia, namun untuk PM2.5 sudah sedikit melebihi standar baku mutu World Health Organization (WHO). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan nilai rata-rata dan nilai tengah, tingkat risiko seluruh pajanan partikulat (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) menunjukkan nilai RQ 1 atau dinyatakan aman. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan setiap responden, terdapat 2 responden berisiko terhadap pajanan PM10 dan PM2.5. Pengelolaan risiko yang dapat dilakukan adalah menurunkan konsentrasi partikulat hingga batas aman, salah satunya dengan mengembangkan substitusi bahan bakar dengan yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan menggunakan sumber tenaga alternatif rendah polusi seperti tenaga listrik.
Outdoor air pollution has become one of the greatest environmental risks to health. Street vendors are considered to be the population at risk because they work long hours and are constantly exposed to air pollution. This study aims to estimate the health risks due to exposure to particulate risk agents, namely Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 to street vendors in Glodok Urban Village, West Jakarta. The study used an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach using primary data with a sample of 65 street vendors. Based on the measurement results, the concentration of TSP was 43 g/m3, PM10 was 25 g/m3, and PM2.5 was 16 g/m3. All particulate concentrations are still below the Indonesian quality standards, but PM2.5 has slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) quality standards. Based on the results of calculations using the average and median values, the risk level of all particulate exposures (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) shows an RQ1 or is declared safe. Based on the calculation results of each respondent, there are 2 respondents at risk of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Risk management that can be done is to reduce the concentration of particulates to a safe limit, one of them is by developing fuel substitution with more environmentally friendly and using alternative sources of low-pollution energy such as electric power.
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Outdoor air pollution has become one of the greatest environmental risks to health. Street vendors are considered to be the population at risk because they work long hours and are constantly exposed to air pollution. This study aims to estimate the health risks due to exposure to particulate risk agents, namely Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 to street vendors in Glodok Urban Village, West Jakarta. The study used an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach using primary data with a sample of 65 street vendors. Based on the measurement results, the concentration of TSP was 43 g/m3, PM10 was 25 g/m3, and PM2.5 was 16 g/m3. All particulate concentrations are still below the Indonesian quality standards, but PM2.5 has slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) quality standards. Based on the results of calculations using the average and median values, the risk level of all particulate exposures (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) shows an RQ1 or is declared safe. Based on the calculation results of each respondent, there are 2 respondents at risk of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Risk management that can be done is to reduce the concentration of particulates to a safe limit, one of them is by developing fuel substitution with more environmentally friendly and using alternative sources of low-pollution energy such as electric power.
S-11140
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sandra Yossi Siregar; Pembimbing: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari; Penguji: Zakianis, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya
S-6470
Depok : FKM-UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Avatari Khumaira Hadi; Pembimbing: Al Asyary; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Resyana Yunita
Abstrak:
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Pencemaran udara, khususnya PM2.5, menjadi masalah serius karena partikel halus ini mampu masuk hingga alveoli paru dan peredaran darah. Wilayah Jalan Margonda Raya merupakan salah satu kawasan di Kota Depok dengan lalu lintas padat dan aktivitas ekonomi yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan emisi PM2.5 dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat risiko pajanan PM2.5 terhadap pekerja luar ruangan di sepanjang Jalan Margonda Raya, Kota Depok. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL) terhadap 100 responden pekerja luar ruangan. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2.5 dilakukan selama satu jam pada lima titik berbeda dan diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 166,8 µg/m³, sedangkan estimasi konsentrasi 24 jam menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 88,3 µg/m³ yang telah melebihi baku mutu udara ambien. Karakteristik antropometri responden menunjukkan nilai median berat badan sebesar 59,6 kg. Pola aktivitas pekerja menunjukkan nilai median waktu pajanan adalah 8 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 310 hari/tahun, dan durasi pajanan 6 tahun. Nilai asupan PM2.5 yang dihitung menghasilkan rata-rata 0,0038 mg/kg/hari untuk skenario realtime dan 0,0158 mg/kg/hari untuk skenario lifetime. Nilai RQ (Risk Quotient) masing-masing adalah 1,078 (realtime) dan 4,382 (lifetime), yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat risiko berada pada kategori tidak aman (RQ > 1). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan manajemen risiko seperti penurunan konsentrasi paparan PM2.5 menjadi 0,038 mg/m³, pengurangan durasi pajanan menjadi 7,6 jam/hari, serta pengurangan frekuensi kerja menjadi 294 hari/tahun.
Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a serious issue because these fine particles can penetrate deep into the lung alveoli and enter the bloodstream. Jalan Margonda Raya is one of the areas in Depok City with dense traffic and high economic activity, so it has the potential to produce large amounts of PM2.5 emissions. This study aims to assess the level of risk of PM2.5 exposure to outdoor workers along Jalan Margonda Raya, Depok City. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method among 100 outdoor worker respondents. PM2.5 concentrations were measured over one-hour intervals at five different locations, resulting in an average of 166.8 µg/m³, while the 24-hour concentration estimate showed an average value of 88.3 µg/m³ which exceeded the ambient air quality standard. The anthropometric characteristics of the respondents showed a median body weight of 59.6 kg. Worker activity patterns show a median exposure time of 8 hours/day, exposure frequency of 310 days/year, and exposure duration of 6 years. The calculated PM2.5 intake values yield an average of 0.0038 mg/kg/day for the realtime scenario and 0.0158 mg/kg/day for the lifetime scenario. The RQ (Risk Quotient) values are 1.078 (realtime) and 4.382 (lifetime), respectively, indicating that the risk level is in the unsafe category (RQ > 1). Therefore, risk management is needed such as reducing the concentration of PM2.5 exposure to 0.038 mg/m³, reducing the duration of work to 7.6 hours/day, and reducing the frequency of work to 294 days/year.
Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a serious issue because these fine particles can penetrate deep into the lung alveoli and enter the bloodstream. Jalan Margonda Raya is one of the areas in Depok City with dense traffic and high economic activity, so it has the potential to produce large amounts of PM2.5 emissions. This study aims to assess the level of risk of PM2.5 exposure to outdoor workers along Jalan Margonda Raya, Depok City. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method among 100 outdoor worker respondents. PM2.5 concentrations were measured over one-hour intervals at five different locations, resulting in an average of 166.8 µg/m³, while the 24-hour concentration estimate showed an average value of 88.3 µg/m³ which exceeded the ambient air quality standard. The anthropometric characteristics of the respondents showed a median body weight of 59.6 kg. Worker activity patterns show a median exposure time of 8 hours/day, exposure frequency of 310 days/year, and exposure duration of 6 years. The calculated PM2.5 intake values yield an average of 0.0038 mg/kg/day for the realtime scenario and 0.0158 mg/kg/day for the lifetime scenario. The RQ (Risk Quotient) values are 1.078 (realtime) and 4.382 (lifetime), respectively, indicating that the risk level is in the unsafe category (RQ > 1). Therefore, risk management is needed such as reducing the concentration of PM2.5 exposure to 0.038 mg/m³, reducing the duration of work to 7.6 hours/day, and reducing the frequency of work to 294 days/year.
S-12031
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Karimah; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Wahyudin
Abstrak:
Debu merupakan salah satu bahan pencemar udara yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Keberadaan debu diudara dapat menyebabkan kerugian diantaranya terhadap kesehatan paru-paru. Karena itu harus dilakukan pemantauanpajanan debu terhadap pekerja dengan cara menghitung tingkat risiko. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik risiko pajanan debu TSP yangterdapat di lingkungan PT Pupuk Kujang. Desain studi penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis risiko keseha Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, pajanan debu untuk bengkel mesin baik realtime maupun lifetime masih dalam batas aman karena RQ<1, sementara untuk bagian kujang bagging 1A dan bulk area untuk RQ realtimemasih dalam batas aman yaitu RQ< 1 yaitu, sedangkan untuk pajanan lifetime sudah melebihi batas RQ, melebihi 1, dan pada bagian NPK feeding section baik RQ realtime maupun RQ lifetime sudah melebihi standar RQ>1. Karenanya halini memerlukan pengendalian lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci : Analisis Risiko Kesehatan , TSP, Debu
Dust is one of the air pollutants that can harmful for human health. The presenceof dust in the air can cause such as harm to the health of the lungs. So there shouldbe monitoring of dust exposure to workers by calculated the level of risk. Thepurpose of this study was to determined risk characteristics of the TSP exposure inPT Pupuk Kujang. The design of this research studied used health risk analysismethods. Based on calculations, the dust exposure both of realtime and lifetimeworkshop machinery was still in the safe limits for RQ <1, while for the Kujangbagging 1A and bulk area for realtime RQ were still in the safe limits RQ <1,while for lifetime exposure RQ have exceeded the limit, exceeded more than 1,and in the feeding section NPK both realtime RQ and lifetime RQ have exceededthe standard of RQ> 1. Therefore this requires further control.
Keywords: Health Risk Analysis, TSP, Dust
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Kata Kunci : Analisis Risiko Kesehatan , TSP, Debu
Dust is one of the air pollutants that can harmful for human health. The presenceof dust in the air can cause such as harm to the health of the lungs. So there shouldbe monitoring of dust exposure to workers by calculated the level of risk. Thepurpose of this study was to determined risk characteristics of the TSP exposure inPT Pupuk Kujang. The design of this research studied used health risk analysismethods. Based on calculations, the dust exposure both of realtime and lifetimeworkshop machinery was still in the safe limits for RQ <1, while for the Kujangbagging 1A and bulk area for realtime RQ were still in the safe limits RQ <1,while for lifetime exposure RQ have exceeded the limit, exceeded more than 1,and in the feeding section NPK both realtime RQ and lifetime RQ have exceededthe standard of RQ> 1. Therefore this requires further control.
Keywords: Health Risk Analysis, TSP, Dust
S-7635
Depok : FKM UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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