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Kata kunci: Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL), perilaku seksual berisiko, pengetahuan HIV/AIDS
Sexual risk behavior HIV/AIDS among MSM can be influenced by prevention and misconception knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine the relations about knowledge of HIV/AIDS and sexual risk behavior HIV/AIDS among MSM in 3 cities (Yogyakarta, Tangerang, Makassar) in Indonesia on 2013. This study used cross sectional design by using data IBBS 2013. Samples in this study were 343 MSM in 3 cities in Indonesia meet the criteria inclusion and exclusion and analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and stratification. Form the result, the percentage were 16% MSM have high risk of sexual risk behavior, 30.9% MSM have prevention and misconception knowledge less, 52.5% MSM >24 years, 48 % MSM less participate in the health services HIV/AIDS, 51% MSM less of source information. Based on analysis bivariate relationships with sexual risk behavior HIV/AIDS less having knowledge HIV/AIDS (PR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.2), age ≤ 24 years (PR= 1.7; 95%CI 1.0-2.7), less participate in the health program (PR= 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.4), less get media source information (PR= 0.6; 95%CI 0.4-1.0). Stratification results of the strata on the variables of covariate variable have higher PR on MSM aged >24 years (PR= 2.14; 95%CI 0.98-4.66), MSM less follow the program health service (PR = 2.10; 95%CI 1.17-3.77), and MSM got a better media source information (PR= 2.05; 95%CI 1.11-3.77). It is therefore advisable to improve program IPP back, give education in according by age, and provide a source of information that is more effective and massive.
Keywords: Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM), sexual behavior risk HIV/AIDS, knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Latar Belakang : Remaja rentan terhadap perilaku berisiko yang bisa membawa kepada HIV/AIDS. Perilaku berisiko adalah perilaku remaja yang melakukan hubungan seks dan menggunakan narkoba suntik. Secara global, 40% dari semua kasus infeksi HIV terjadi pada kaum muda usia 15-24 tahun. Perkiraan terakhir adalah sebanyak 7000 remaja terinfeksi HIV setiap harinya. Pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV/AIDS adalah komponen untuk memperbaiki perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV/AIDS dengan perilaku berisiko di Indonesia.
Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian obeservasi dengan desain studi crosssectional, menggunakan data Surveilans Terpadu Biologi dan Perilaku tahun 2011. Jumlah keseluruhan responden adalah 6.991 orang remaja. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan cox regression.
Hasil : Prevalensi perilaku berisiko pada remaja adalah 15,8% sedangkan prevalensi pengetahuan komprehensif 22,3%. Analisis multivariate menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV/AIDS dengan Perilaku beresiko remaja dengan nilai p=0,153 dan PR= 1,11 (95% CI:0,962-1,283) setelah dikontrol dengan variable kovariat yaitu jenis kelamin, pendidikan orang tua dan pengaruh teman sebaya.
Kesimpulan : Secara statistik, pada penelitian ini pengetahuan komprehensif tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku berisiko. Saran untuk para ilmuwan agar menelaah ulang indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur Pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV, serta untuk pemerintah melalui lembaga pendidikan adalah agar memasukkan pendidikan HIV/AIDS kedalam kurikulum sekolah, sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan komprehensif dan mencegah perilaku beresiko.
Background : Adolescent are susceptible to a variety of risky behavior that can lead towards HIV/AIDS. Risky behavior is adolescent behavior that having sexual intercourse or using drug-injection. Globally, about 40% of all cases of HIV infections occur in young people aged 15-24 years. Latest estimate was as much as 7000 teens are infected by HIV every day. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is the component to make up behavior.The aim of the study is to know the relationship between comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS with sexual behavior in Indonesia.
Methods: This study is observational study with cross-sectional design, using the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance data in 2011. Total respondents are 6.991 adolescents. Data analysis was performed by cox regression multivariate analysis.
Result: Prevalence of risky behaviorin adolescent was 15,8% while the prevalence of comprehensive knowledge was 22,3%. Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS with risky behavior. P value=0,153, PR=1,11( 95% CI 0,962-1,283) after adjusted by covariates, included: sex, parents education and peer-grouped influence.
Conclusion: Statistically, in this study comprehensive knowledge is not associated with risky behavior. Recommendation for the scientist to review the indicators used to measure the comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and recommendation for the government through educational institutions is to include education about HIV / AIDS into the school curriculum, in an effort to improve the comprehensive knowledge and prevent risky behavior.
Globally, every year there are 6 million new cases of syphilis estimated in people aged 15 to 49 years. Syphilis is a risk factor among men who have sex with men (MSM) and other groups that tend to have multiple sex partners. As is known, people who suffer from syphilis have a greater risk of contracting and transmitting HIV to others. This is because the mode of transmission of syphilis and HIV have in common. A cross sectional study: The Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey (STBP) in 2018-2019 was conducted by the Ministry of Health as part of an evaluation of the HIV AIDS program in Indonesia. The study was conducted in 24 selected city/district with a total sample of 3,941 MSM, behavioral data collection was carried out by interview while syphilis and HIV biological data were carried out by laboratory examination of blood samples. Study showed that syphilis was a risk factor for HIV with PR = 4.1 (95% CI: 3.4-4.9). Respondents with syphilis have an incidence of HIV 4.5 times greater than respondents without syphilis. The combination of syphilis, primary occupation and the use of condoms when buying sex increases the risk to 4.5 (95% CI: 2.03-10.03). There is association between syphilis and HIV. Syphilis increases the risk of HIV up to 4 times among MSM. The involvement and strengthening of the technical capacity of the GWL Community Based Organization (CBO) in promoting safe sex and the utilization of services for MSM communities and the acceleration of STI-friendly programs for key populations (officers and tools) will be a driven of MSM for regular service access. Prevention as a more effective approach can be done simultaneously considering that both syphilis and HIV can be prevented in the same way. Syphilis among MSM needs special attention because if not treated immediately the impact will go to a larger heterosexual population.
Kata Kunci: perilaku seks berisiko HIV/ AIDS, usia muda, LSL
The projection in 2030 is decreased number of deaths from infectious diseases in the world's population, while diseases caused by HIV / AIDS will increase is influenced by public accessibility to ARV treatment and efforts to prevent transmission of HIV / AIDS. The most vulnerable group vulnerable to HIV infection are young people. Many young people engage in risky sexual behavior because of risky behaviors decision in this group. Among young MSM, high rates of HIV infection are caused by risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors of risky sexual behavior of HIV/ AIDS in young MSM age 15-24 years. Risk factors include age, education, knowledge, exposure to health information, age of first sex, HIV testing service, other health service, alcohol consumption, and drug consumption. The study utilize secondary STBP 2018 data. The research design use cross sectional with univariate and bivariate analyzes with chi square test α = 0.05. The results show that there are significant relationship between knowledge (p value=0,001; PR=1,4; CI=1,3-2,5); HIV test service (p value=0,000; PR=1,7; CI=2,0-3,4), other health service prevention (p value=0,000; PR=1,6; CI=1,9-3,2), and alcohol consumption (p value=0,009; PR=1,2; CI=1,1-1,8) with risky sexual behavior of HIV / AIDS.
Keywords: HIV/ AIDS risky sexual behavior, young age, MSM
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Epidemi HIV secara global masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius. Pada tahun 2011 terdapat 2.5 juta (2.2 – 2.8 juta) kasus baru infeksi HIV di seluruh dunia, dengan kamatian karena AIDS mencapai 1.7 juta jiwa. Penularan infeksi HIV di Indonesia saat ini terutama melalui hubungan seks heteroseksual terutama terjadi dari WPS kepada pelanggan seks komersial, yaitu kelompok lelaki berperilaku risiko tinggi. Populasi ini merupakan jembatan penularan infeksi HIV (bridging population) dari populasi risiko tinggi ke populasi umum. Data menunjukkan jumlah laki-laki di Indonesia yang menjadi klien WPS lebih banyak dibandingkan pengguna napza suntik dan kelompok MSM (men who have sex with men). Prevalensi HIV pada kelompok LBT meningkat 7 kali lipat dari 0.1% (STBP 2007) menjadi 0.7% (STBP 2011). Keberadaan IMS meningkatkan kemudahan seseorang terkena infeksi HIV. Sebagian besar IMS akan menimbulkan peradangan dan kerusakan jaringan kulit/selaput lendir genital yang memudahkan masuknya HIV. Infeksi menular seksual dengan gejala ulkus genital, misalnya sifilis, menyebabkan kemudahan terkena infeksi HIV meningkat 4 – 6 kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh faktor perilaku seks yang berhubungan dengan infeksi HIV dengan mempertimbangkan penyakit sifilis sebagai efek modifikasi, pada populasi LBT 12 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia.
Metode: cross sectional, analisis data hasil STBP 2011.
Hasil: Prevalensi HIV pada LBT sebesar 0.7%, LBT dengan perilaku seks berisiko rendah sebesar 91.5%. Perilaku seks risiko tinggi terdapat pada 6.6% LBT dan 1.9% di antaranya berperilaku seks risiko sedang. Prevalensi LBT yang mengaku setia pada pasangan sebesar 49.8%. Kejadian infeksi HIV berhubungan secara signifikan dengan riwayat hubungan seks dengan WPS, setia pada pasangan, jumlah WPS dalam 1 tahun terakhir, penggunaan napza suntik, serta keluhan IMS. Keberadaan sifilis tidak memodifikasi efek perilaku seks terhadap infeksi HIV, karena kejadiannya kecil. Pada analisis multivariat didapat perilaku seks yang berisiko untuk tertular HIV adalah pernah berhubungan dengan WPS memiliki risiko tertular HIV dengan OR 2.113(0.883-5.052) dan pernah berhubungan dengan casual partner memiliki OR sebesar 1.347(0.506-3.589) setelah dikontrol dengan variabel penggunaan napza suntik dan keluhan IMS.
ABSTRACT
Background: Global HIV epidemic still reveal serious public health issue. In 2011 there was 2.5 million (2.2 – 2.8 million) HIV new cases worldwide with mortality reach 1.7 million people. Heterosexual transmission of HIV in Indonesia mainly occurs from FSW to their clients, which is identifying as high risk men (HRM). HRM population is HIV transmission bridging population from high to low risk population. Data shows FSW’s clients amounted much more than the IDUs or MSM. HIV prevalence in HRM had been increased 7 times from 0.1% (IBBS 2007) to 0.7% (IBBS 2011). The presence of STD increases risk of HIV infection, so that STD is believed as HIV infection cofactor. Most STD caused inflammation and genital mucosa/skin damage which make HIV infection easier. Genital ulcer disease, such as syphilis, raised HIV infection 4-6 times. This study aims to see sexual behavior effect on HIV infection with regard of syphilis as modification effect on HRM population in 12 districts in Indonesia.
Method: Cross sectional. The IBBS 2011 data analyses.
Result: HIV prevalence among HRM amounted 0.7%. Of 91.5% HRM have low risk of sexual behavior, 1.9% medium risk, and 6.6% experience high risk sexual behavior. 49.8% HRM was faithful. There was significant association between HIV infection and having sex with FSW, faithfulness, the amount of FSW in 1 year, injecting drug user, and the presence of STI symptoms. The presence of syphilis has not modified the association between sexual behavior and HIV infection, statistically. Multivariate analyses founded that having sex with FSW and/or casual partner were risky sexual behavior with OR of being infected by HIV were 2.113(0.883-5.052) and 1.347(0.506-3.589) respectively, after being controlled with variables injecting drug user and the presence of STI symptoms.
