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This thesis discussed the potential and risks of fire on workers in the offshore platform oil and gas production caused by hydrocarbons hazard by identifying those hazard. Hazard calculation was conducted in order to find out the specific location which has potential risk, then calculated individual risk per annum (IRPA) surveillance followed by the final results of the Potential Loss of Live (PLL). These results compared to criteria or standards and determine the position of workers was in ALARP condition or not. This research was a quantitative risk assessment with descriptive design. The results of this study gave recommendation to company for maintain programs and activities that always prevent fires even though the CB platform is within the acceptable region. Alert to the hazard of hydrocarbons, increased awareness of workers at workplace, checking and monitor hazards, and always follow working procedure.
Resiko bekerja di perusahaan migas PT X yang berlokasi di offshore Natuna adalah relatif tinggi. Sepanjang tahun 2018 – 2023 terjadi fluktuasi kecelakaan kerja di PT. X. Bahkan setelah dua tahun (tahun 2020 dan 2019) tidak terjadi kecelakaan kerja untuk kategori recordable injury (kasus di atas FAC), di tahun 2021 terjadi lagi 3 kasus (1 RWDC dan 2 MTC) dan di tahun 2022 terjadi 4 kasus (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, dan 2 MTC). Di tahun 2023 terjadi 1 kasus (1 RWDC). Korban kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2021 didominasi oleh pekerja kontrak dan pekerja tetap sedangkan kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2022 dan 2023 semuanya terjadi pada pekerja kontrak. Sebagian besar kecelakaan yang terjadi penyebab langsungnya adalah unsafe acts. Sampai saat ini belum ada analisis menyeluruh dari data investigasi kecelakaan-kecelakaan yang telah dilakukan PT X untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor penyebab dasar dari semua kecelakaan tersebut. Dengan demikian, penelitian perlu dilakukan, dan karena berhubungan dengan human factor, maka pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja tersebut dengan metode Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X antara tahun 2018 – 2023 dengan metode HFACS. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa rekaman kejadian kecelakaan dan laporan investigasi atas 41 kecelakaan di PT X. Data sekunder tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan empat (4) tahapan kegagalan di metode HFACS, yaitu unsafe acts, precondition of unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, dan organizational influence. Pengklasifikasian ini divalidasi oleh dua ahli keselamatan kerja, di mana hasil validasinya relatif tinggi (96%). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor-faktor HFACS yang mempengaruhi kecelakaan terbesar berturut-turut adalah adverse mental state (51,2%), skill-based error (39%), routine violations (34,1%), dan tools/technological dan resource management (masing-masing 31,7%). Kemudian disusul oleh decision error (29,3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problem dan organizational process masing-masing (17,1%), lalu supervisory violation dan organizational climate masing-masing (9,8%). Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor HFACS yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk perbaikan program K3 perusahaan guna menurunkan angka kecelakaan dengan memprioritaskannya pada faktor HFACS yang bersifat latent failure baru kemudian pada faktor active failure-nya, karena latent failure - jika diperbaiki- akan menjadi kunci untuk mencegah berulangnya kecelakaan.
The risks of working for the PT X , an oil and gas company located offshore Natuna are relatively high. Throughout 2018 – 2023 there were fluctuations in work accidents at PT. X. Even after two years (2020 and 2019) there was no work accident for the recordable injury category (cases above FAC), in 2021 there were 3 cases (1 RWDC and 2 MTC) and in 2022 there were 4 cases (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, and 2 MTC). In 2023 there was 1 case (1 RWDC). Work accident victims in 2021 are dominated by contract workers and permanent workers, while work accidents in 2022 and 2023 all occur in contract workers. Most of the accidents that occur are directly caused by unsafe acts. Until now there has been no comprehensive analysis of accident investigation data that has been carried out by PT X to obtain the basic causal factors of all these accidents. Thus, research needs to be carried out, and because it is related to human factors, this research will analyze the factors that cause work accidents using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. Objective: Analyzing the factors that influence work accidents at PT X between 2018 – 2023 using the HFACS method. Method: This research is descriptive analytical research with a qualitative approach. The secondary data used is in the form of recordings of accidents and investigation reports on 41 accidents at PT X . This classification was validated by two occupational safety experts, where the validation results were relatively high (96%). Results: The research results explain that the HFACS factors that influence the biggest accidents are adverse mental state (51.2%), skill-based errors (39%), routine violations (34.1%), and tools/technological and resources, respectively. management (31.7% each). Then followed by decision errors (29.3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problems and organizational processes respectively (17.1%), then supervisory violations and organizational climate respectively (9.8%). Conclusion: The HFACS factors that influence work accidents in PT X can be used as input for improving the company's H&S program to reduce the number of accidents by prioritizing the HFACS factors which are latent failures and then the active failure factors, because latent failures - if corrected - will become key to preventing recurrence of accidents.
Introduction: Hydrocarbons are flammable materials can cause major accidents and explosions at offshore platform hydrocarbon processing. Fires and explosions on offshore platforms are relatively rare accidents but can have unforeseen consequences that can have a significant impact on fatality and loss of assets. Methods: Descriptive method with quantitative design from secondary data in 2020 (cross sectional) and literature study without intervention on the research object (non-experimental) using software (PHAST) to evaluate the consequences of fire and explosion models. Frequency analysis with fault tree and event tree analysis methods, to analyse the possibility of overpressure and major accidents events on offshore platforms hydrocarbon processing facilities which are Major Hazard Plants. Result: The highest risk level for the personnel fatality working on the offshore platform is in the ALARP Region level from the largest contributor to the flash fire scenario with the number of fatalities as many as 10 peoples and the frequency value of 3.26E-08/year means 1 out of 30,674,847 flash fire scenario opportunities in 1 year can occur to cause fatality of 10 people, while the risk to assets is in an acceptable risk level from the largest contributor to the jet fire scenario with loss of assets 40,590,800.00 and the highest frequency value is 6.31E-08/year) means that 1 in 15,847,861 opportunities of a jet fire scenario in 1 year can occur to cause asset loss of $ 40,590,800 from fires and explosions in overpressure scenarios that have the potential to occur on the new offshore platform taking into account some of the safety systems that have been defined in the design. Conclusion: There is no need for additional mitigation because the safety system that has been determined in the design is sufficient to prevent major accidents that can occur so that the new offshore platform is declared safe to operate.
Kata kunci:Analisis Risiko, BTX, Pekerja Lepas Pantai
This research has objective to predict carsinogenic and non carcinogeniceffect of BTX exposure to offshore workers and the risk management required. Itis cross sectional study which utilize the environmental health risk assessmentapproach. Sample consists of 95 offshore workers in upstream oil and gascompany X. research data is compiled from direct interview and companymeasurement data. As a control, 7 administrative workers are involved incalculation. The result of this research is non carcinogenic exposure of benzenemust become a high concern which has risk quotient - RQ 21.05% at realtimeexposure and 61.05% at lifetime exposure. There is little risk related to tolueneand xylene. Its respectively RQ is lower than 1 for both of them. For carcinogenichealth risk of benzene, 20% of offshore workers and 60% of offshore workers hascarcinogenic effect to their health risk.It can be concluded that risk management isrequired for being applied in order to minimize the benzene health effect tooffshore workers.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, BTX, Offshore worker.
Some major accidents on offshore platforms are caused by a lack of awareness and fatigue experienced by workers. Fatigue and lack of awareness in some literature is caused by a lack of good quality and quantity of sleep. The quality and quantity of sleep is affected by the sleep hygiene practiced by workers, the conditions of accommodation and work shifts performed. This study aims to observe of the quantity and quality of sleep, the relationship between sleep hygiene and the quality and quantity of sleep, and to observe the relationship between sleep quality and the aspects of alertness and fatigue experienced by workers. The research was conducted at the offshore platform of PT. X, with 24 workers responding to the questionnaire, and 22 workers using actigraphy tools. Actigraphic data collection was carried out for 14 working days and divided into three different shift groups. From the PSQI 63.1% of respondents had poor sleep quality and 36.9% of respondents had good sleep quality. The lowest average sleep duration based on data collection with actigraphic devices was obtained during the night shift (300 minutes), while the highest sleep duration was obtained by non-shift workers (358 minutes). Actigraphy data shows that the average sleep duration with HVAC A longer than using HVAC B. There were 59.5% of respondents experiencing normal fatigue and 40.5% of respondents experiencing mild fatigue. Almost all respondents had good sleep hygiene (95.2%) and there was no relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality. There was no relationship between sleep quality and worker alertness (p-value:0,466). And there is no relationship between sleep quality and worker fatigue (p-value: 0.062)
Kata Kunci: gangguan pendengaran, pajanan kebisingan, usia, masa kerja, pekerja industri
Exposure to noise is the most common cause of hearing loss, leading to noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). This study evaluated hearing loss associated with noise exposure related to age, length of employment, length of exposure, the use of personal protective equipment, smoking habits, hobbies associated noise and diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension in workers. This is a cross-sectional observational study examined the independent variable, the dependent variable, and confounding variables at the same time. Using the company secondary data, through observation, measurement and questionnaire. Noise measurement results indicate that the potential area of potential noise is 63 dBA as the lowest noise and the highest is 110, 6 dBA, field noise level area ranging from 84.88 - 93 dBA. Nonfield noise area 79.5 dBA. Exposure effective noise below 80 dBA, either in the field or nonfield area; 7.1% of workers worked > 20 years, working life > 20 years, the hearing loss of workers 5.6%, workers aged > 40 years 40 is 5%. 42.9% of workers have a smoking habit, not found a relationship between smoking behavior with hearing loss. HPD consumption levels in workers earned as much as 90.5% of the workers who always wear APT, there is no relationship between the use of HPD with hearing loss. There were no relationship between hobby with hearing loss. As well as no relationship found between workers health status such as lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides), worker glucose blood levels and blood pressure with hearing loss.
Keywords: hearing loss, noise exposure, age, years of service, industry workers
