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Kesimpulan: dalam penelitian ini jarak antara sumur gali-septik tank sangat berpengaruh besar terhadap kejadian diare balita. Balita dalam rumah tangga yang menggunakan sumur gali dengan jarak kurang dari 10 meter dari septic tank memiliki risiko 5,221 kali untuk menderita diare dibandingkan jika jarak ≥ 10 meter. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penyuluhan atau sosialisasi tentang sarana sumur gali dengan septik tank yang memenuhi syarat. Jika kondisi lahan tidak memungkinkan maka perlu dikembangkan alternatif seperti septik tank komunal atau sistem IPAL terpusat oleh sektor terkait. Kata Kunci : Diare, balita, sanitasi
Masalah stunting pada anak masih menjadi tantangan serius di Indonesia, termasuk di Kabupaten Pohuwato, Gorontalo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh edukasi Panduan Gizi Seimbang Berbasis Pangan Lokal terhadap perubahan praktik pemberian makan, asupan gizi, status besi, dan status gizi anak baduta. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed methods exploratory sequential design, diawali dengan riset formatif kualitatif untuk pengembangan media edukasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Intervensi edukasi dilakukan selama 12 bulan dengan pendekatan komunikasi perubahan perilaku sosial (SBCC) menggunakan modul PGS-PL yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi lokal melalui edukasi intensif, peer educator dan juga demo masak.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi PGS-PL berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan skor keragaman makanan (DDS) (OR = 1,89; p = 0,048) dan Konsumsi sumber pangan hewani (OR=1,55, p = 0,037), serta peningkatan asupan energi, protein, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin A, asam folat, zat besi, dan seng (p < 0,05). Namun, tidak ditemukan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar serum ferritin dan serum transferrin receptor. Status gizi anak mengalami peningkatan signifikan pada indeks tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U) sebesar 0,60 z-score (p = 0,007), tetapi tidak signifikan pada indeks berat badan menurut umur (BB/U), dan terdapat penurunan signifikan pada indeks berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB) (p = 0,034).
Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa edukasi gizi berbasis pgs-pl dengan pendekatan kombinasi edukasi intensif, peer educator dan demo masak dapat menjadi strategi efektif dalam meningkatkan praktik pemberian makan dan status gizi anak balita di wilayah dengan potensi pangan lokal.
Stunting in children remains a serious public health challenge in Indonesia, including in Pohuwato District, Gorontalo. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nutrition education based on the Local Food-Based Balanced Nutrition Guidelines (PGS-PL) on changes in feeding practices, nutrient intake, besi status, and nutritional status of children aged 6–14 months. The research employed a mixed methods exploratory sequential design, starting with formative qualitative research for the development of educational media, followed by a quasi-experimental study using a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The education intervention was conducted over 12 months using a social and behavior change communication (SBCC) approach, incorporating the PGS-PL module adapted to local conditions through intensive education, peer educators, and cooking demonstrations.
The results showed that PGS-PL education had a significant effect on increasing Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) (OR = 1.89; p = 0.048) and Egg and/or flesh food (EFF) (OR=1,55, p=0,037), as well as improving the intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin A, folic acid, besi, and seng (p < 0.05). However, no significant effect was found on serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor levels. Children's nutritional status showed a significant improvement in the height-for-age index (HAZ) by 0.60 z-score (p = 0.007), but no significant change was observed in the weight-for-age index (WAZ), and there was a significant decrease in the weight-for-height index (WHZ) (p = 0.034).
This study confirms that nutrition education based on PGS-PL using a combination of intensive education, peer educators, and cooking demonstrations can be an effective strategy for improving feeding practices and the nutritional status of toddlers in areas with local food potential.
sanitation with soil transmitted helminth infection onstudents of State Elementary School of Jagabaya 1 atWarunggunung, Lebak District, Province of Banten in 2013Soil transmitted helminth infection is a public health problem in Indonesia.National prevalence of this disease varies by region from 0.4 to 76.67 %(Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2011). The common worm species that causeinfection are roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), hookworm (Ancylostomaduodenale and Necator americanus), and whipworm (Trichuris trichuria). (DirjenP2MPL, 2010).The objective of this research was to examine the association of personalhygiene, environmental sanitation, parental characteristics and anti helminthicdrugs with soil transmitted helminth infection. The research was conducted inElementary school of Jagabaya 1 at Warunggunung, Lebak, Banten. This studyutilized cross-sectional survey design, which respondents were selected by usingtotal sampling method. Respondents of the research were first grade to fifth gradestudents. Primary data was collected on July 2013 by using questionnaire.Results showed that the prevalence of soil transmitted helminth infectionon students of Elementary School of Jagabaya 1 was 65.85 %. Bivariate analysisrevealed four variables that were significantly related to soil transmitted helminthinfection were personal hygiene (OR=3,194), nail cleanness (OR=3,765),maternal education (OR=2,360), and toilet ownership (OR=3,808). Multivariateanalysis indicated that the essential factors related to the occurrence of soiltransmitted helminth infection were nail cleanness (OR=4,062), toilet ownership(OR=3,569), and habit of washing hand before eating (OR=2,965).Keywords : soil transmitted helminth infection, personal hygiene, environmentalsanitation, school-age children, Lebak, Banten
Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUD Al Ihsan pada periode Maret 2020 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2021 dengan kriteria inklusi merupakan pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 melalui pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) berusia lebih dari sama dengan 18 tahun. Perbedaan probabilitas kesintasan didapatkan dari analisis kesintasan dengan kaplan meier. Analisis Cox Proporsional Hazard digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19.
Hasil. Sebanyak 308 pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Selama 21 hari pengamatan, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 (71,24% vs 84,13%). Sampai akhir pengamatan selama 49 hari, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 menurun dan berbeda dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mana probabilitas kesintasannya 48,98% vs 84,13% dengan nilai p 0,0056. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel confounder yaitu umur, gejala batuk, ARDS, vaksinasi, gagal ginjal kronis, penggunaan ventilator, terapi antivirus dan persentase BOR Isolasi COVID-19 saat admisi. Hazard ratio adjusted hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 pada model akhir analisis multivariat sebesar 2,676 (95% IK 1,24-5,73).
Kesimpulan. Probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 meningkatkan resiko kematian pada pasien COVID-19.
Introduction. The high prevalence of diabetes in the population causes diabetes to become one of the comorbidities that many COVID-19 patients suffer from. Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19 and even death. This study aims to determine the difference in survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality at Al Ihsan Hospital, West Java Province.
Methods. This study used a retrospective cohort study design. The population of study were COVID-19 patients who were treated at Al Ihsan Hospital in the period March 2020 to December 31, 2021 with inclusion criteria being confirmed as COVID-19 patients through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) examination and aged ≥ 18 years. Differences in survival probability were obtained from survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier. Cox Proportional Hazard analysis was used to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality.
Results. Results indicated that a total of 308 confirmed positive COVID-19 patients were involved in this study. During the 21 days of observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus (71.24% vs. 84.13%). Until the end of the 49-day observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus decreased and differed from that of COVID-19 patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus which the survival probability was 48.98% vs. 84.13% (p = 0.0056). There was a statistically significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality after controlling for confounder variables, age, cough symptoms, ARDS, vaccination, chronic kidney disease, ventilator use, antiviral therapy and the percentage of Bed Occupation Rate COVID-19 isolation at admission. The hazard ratio adjusted relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality in the final model of multivariate analysis was 2,676 (95% CI 1,24-5,73).
Conclusion. It appears that survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of death in COVID-19 patients.
Latar belakang - Asap rokok lingkungan merupakan faktor risiko bagi timbulnya masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan bukan hanya mengenai perokok, tetapi juga mengenai orang lain. Dari semua kelompuk umur dalam masyamkat, bayi dan anak-anak merupakan kelompok yang rentan terkena dampak kesehatan akibat pajanan asap rokok lingkangan. Pajanan asap rokok lingkungan pada anak-anak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko terkena infeksi saluran pemapasan akut dan kronis, asma, radang telinga tengah (otitis media), dan alergi. Bagi anak-anak, rumah merupakan lokasi terpenting yang berkontribusi dalam pajanan asap rokok lingkungan. Tujuan - Mengetahui hubungan kejadian otitis media dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan di rumah dan faktor kovariat lain (jenis kelamin, status gizi, tingkat pendidlkan bapak, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pengeluaran keluarga, kepadatan penghuni rumah, dan ventilasi rumah) pada anak kelas satu Sekolah Dasar (SD) Kelurahan Grogol, Jakarta Barat, tahun 2008. Metode - Penelitian observasional analitik, melalui pendekatan desain studi kasus kontrol. Populasi adalah seluruh anak kelas satu Sekolah Dasar (SD) di wilayah Kelutahan Grogol, Jakarta Barat, tahun 2008. Kasus adalah semua anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol tahun 2008 yang pada pemeriksaan telinga dengan otoskop ditemukan satu atau lebih tanda klinis berupa sekret di liang telinga, retraksi membran timpani, udem membran timpani, warna membran hiperemis atau kuning pucat, perforasi membran timpani, bayangan cairan di belakang membran timpani pada salah satu satu atau kedua telinganya. Kontrol adalah semua anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol tahun 2008 yang pada pemeriksaan telinga dengan otoskop tidak didapati tanda klinis seperti pada kelompok kasus. Hasil - Kejadian otitis media berhubungan bermakna dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan di rumah pada anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol Jakarta Barat tahuo 2008. Hasil uji regresi logistik ganda mendapatkan peningkatan resiko tiga kali lebih besar untuk menderita otitis media pada anak yang tinggal di rumah dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan tingg! setelah dikontrol dengan tingkat pendidikan bapak. Saran - Temuan pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi anak sekolah, orangtua, guru, masyarakat, dan pemerintah dalam upaya promotif dan preventif bahaya asap rokok lingkungan hagi anak-anak serta upay. kuratif dan rehabililatif atas dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan.
BackgrOund - Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known as one of risk factors for public health. The health problems caused by ETS affect more people than just smokers. Children are especially vulnerable to ETS exposure than others. Children's exposure to ETS is responsible for increasing risk of acute and chronic respiratory infections, asthma, otitis media, and allergy. The most important location for children's exposure to ETS is their home. Objectives - To analyze asssociation between otitis media and ETS exposure at home and other covariats (sex, nutritional status, paternal education level, maternal education level, family expenditure, house crowding, and ventilation) on 1st year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008. Method - Analytic observational study with case-control design. Population of this study are all 1st year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008. Cases are all I" year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008, with sign/s of otitis media on otoscopy. Controls are all 1st year of basic school children in Gragoi, West Jakarta, 2008, without sign of otitis media on otoscopy. Result - Otitis media significantly associated with Children's exposure to ETS at home in this study area. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio for otitis media was 3 after adjustment for paternal education level. Suggestion - The findings of this study are expecred to be an important information for all student, parents, teachers, public, and government on promotive-preventive programmes of ETS exposure, and on curative-rehabilitative programmes of ETS's health effects.
