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Niken Rahmawati; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Robiana Modjo, Hendra Jaya, Frik Mick Febby
Abstrak:
Latar Belakang: Dalam pabrik pembuatan produk coating/ cat berbasis pelarut, terakumulasinya muatan listrik statis tidak dapat dihindari, sedangkan proses pembuatan cat melibatkan bahan bahan mudah terbakar yang sifat nya volatil dan mudah terbakar. Kasus kebakaran yang terjadi di pabrik cat berbasis solvent PT XYZ paint factory secara global yang disebabkan oleh muatan listrik statis juga tercatat kerap kali terjadi. Tercatat ada 5 incident kebakaran yang disebabkan oleh listrik statis sejak tahun 2007. Metode: Metode penelitian ini menggunakan identifikasi menggunakan Bow Tie Analysis , dan Risk Assesment dengan standar yang dipakai ASSE Z590. Lokasi penelitian di pabrik pembuatan cat berbasis solvent di PT XYZ berada di Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan perusahaan multi national. Hasil : Dari penelitian ini kami menemukan bahwa di pabrik cat PT XYZ hanya 22% perlindungan yang memadai untuk mencegah electrostatik, 7% threat masih dikategorikan bereisiko sangat tinggi, 40% berisiko tinggi, dan 31% risiko sedang. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan beberapa rekomendasi yang dapat digunakan untuk meminimalisir risiko listrik statis. Kesimpulan: Dari hasil disimpulkan bahwa proteksi kebakaran di PTXYZ masih belum cukup untuk memberian perlindungan terhadap bahaya listrik statis
Introduction: Major fire accident involving static electricity still become serious latent problem (1), this similar to PT XYZ which still experience serious fire incident caused by static electric. This study intend to do the analysis of the adequacy of the protection to fire and explosion caused by electric static at hazardous process at paint production. Methode: This analysis is using bow tie analysis and risk assasment matrix, Bow Tie analysis describe and visualize the correlation between what caused rsik, top event, and control that used to anticipate the incident happened and also mitigation barrier that can prevent from further escalation, then risk assasment matrix give semiquantitative risk calculation to reflect the level of risk. From this determination than we decide recommended control base on best practice and standard which is relevant. Results: From this study we found that at paint manufacture PT XYZ only 22% of protection is adequate to prevent from electrostatic, than 7% of threat still categorized very high , 40% is high risk , and 31% is moderate risk. Base on best practice and literature study than we recommend some of action that need to be taken to improve the barrier. Conclution: The recommendation basicly is to improve the visibility of grounding performance using lam indicator, improve visibility of flammable atmosphere using LEL detection , to reduce electrostatic discharge during process by control the liquid flow, to improve charge relaxation by selecting the tools properly, and to prevent fire during cleaning by inerting and reduce the solvent mist, also to increase the conductivity of non conductive solvent by adding conductivity agent
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Introduction: Major fire accident involving static electricity still become serious latent problem (1), this similar to PT XYZ which still experience serious fire incident caused by static electric. This study intend to do the analysis of the adequacy of the protection to fire and explosion caused by electric static at hazardous process at paint production. Methode: This analysis is using bow tie analysis and risk assasment matrix, Bow Tie analysis describe and visualize the correlation between what caused rsik, top event, and control that used to anticipate the incident happened and also mitigation barrier that can prevent from further escalation, then risk assasment matrix give semiquantitative risk calculation to reflect the level of risk. From this determination than we decide recommended control base on best practice and standard which is relevant. Results: From this study we found that at paint manufacture PT XYZ only 22% of protection is adequate to prevent from electrostatic, than 7% of threat still categorized very high , 40% is high risk , and 31% is moderate risk. Base on best practice and literature study than we recommend some of action that need to be taken to improve the barrier. Conclution: The recommendation basicly is to improve the visibility of grounding performance using lam indicator, improve visibility of flammable atmosphere using LEL detection , to reduce electrostatic discharge during process by control the liquid flow, to improve charge relaxation by selecting the tools properly, and to prevent fire during cleaning by inerting and reduce the solvent mist, also to increase the conductivity of non conductive solvent by adding conductivity agent
T-5746
Depok : FKM-UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Resky Dwi Deswita Iqbal; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Yunita Setiarsih
S-12160
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Eky Susilowati; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Hendra, Adrianus Pangaribuan, Ivan Stevanus Chandra
Abstrak:
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Industri farmasi merupakan industri yang memiliki risko kebakaran dan ledakan yang sangat besar karena penanganan beragam bahan kimia cair, padatan, dan gas yang mudah terbakar serta bahan kimia berbahaya lainnya. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan area berbahaya berdasarkan standar IEC 60079-10-2 serta menganalisis tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu dalam proses granulasi pada fasilitas Non Betalactam (Multi Product Facility). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif semi kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan area berbahaya pada proses granulasi berdasarkan standar IEC 60079-10-2 dan menentukan tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu dalam tahapan pencampuran (mixing) dengan menggunakan metode Dow’s Fire Explosion Index. Populasi ini melibatkan semua bahan kimia berbahaya dan peralatan yang digunakan pada proses pembuatan obat di PT. X. Combustible dust yang digunakan dalam proses granulasi pada fasilitas Non Betalactam Facility (Multi Product Facility) berupa bahan aktif farmasi dan eksipien, seperti methyldopa hydrate, paracetamol, loperamide hydrochloride, diazepam, domperidone, prednisolone micronised, magnesium stearate. polyvidone 30, sodium starch glycolate, dan amylum maydis. Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) yang dimiliki oleh semua bahan aktif berbeda-beda nilainya sesuai hasil uji laboratorium eksternal dengan nilai yang paling sensitif terhadap penyalaan, yaitu diazepam, methyldopa hydrate, loperamide hydrochloride, domperidone dan prednisolone micronised yang mempunyai nilai MIE 1-3 mj yang dapat menyebabkan ledakan kuat hingga sangat kuat jika memenuhi konsentrasi Minimum Explosive Concentration (MEC). Sehubungan dengan hal itu, sebelum menentukan klasifikasi area berbahaya, sangat penting untuk mengidentifikasi sumber penyalaan di area proses tersebut. Adapun sumber penyalaan tersebut bersumber dari peralatan listrik, listrik statis, dan friction/mechanical spark. Klasifikasi area berbahaya dengan kategori zona dalam proses granulasi pada fasilitas Non Betalactam (Multi Product Facility) terdiri dari zona 20 di setiap dalam chamber/container peralatan, zona 21 di setiap bukaan hopper/charging unit, tempat perilisan debu dengan radius satu meter dan zona 22 di luar zona 21 di dalam ruangan proses granulasi. Tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu pada proses granulasi (mixing) dengan menggunakan metode granulasi basah (hybrid mixture) berdasarkan metode Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index adalah risiko sedang (moderate) dengan total skor 95,1762 dengan radius paparannya sebesar 29,010 meter dan estimasi kerugiannya mencapai Rp 1.467.276.735.672. Oleh karenanya, sangat penting untuk melakukan mitigasi risiko sehingga risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu di area proses ini berada pada risiko yang rendah.
The pharmaceutical industry is an industry that has a very large risk of fire and explosion due to the handling of a variety of flammable liquid, solid and gaseous chemicals as well as other hazardous chemicals. The general objective of this study is to classify hazardous areas based on IEC 60079-10-2 standards and to analyze the risk level of fire and dust explosion in the granulation process at the Non Betalactam facility (Multi Product Facility). This research is a semi-quantitative descriptive study that aims to classify hazardous areas in the granulation process based on IEC 60079-10-2 standards and determine the risk level of fire and dust explosion in the mixing stage using the Dow's Fire Explosion Index method. This population includes all hazardous chemicals and equipment used in the drug manufacturing process at PT. X. Combustible dust used in the granulation process at the Non Betalactam Facility (Multi Product Facility) is in the form of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, such as methyldopa hydrate, paracetamol, loperamide hydrochloride, diazepam, domperidone, micronised prednisolone, magnesium stearate. polyvidone 30, sodium starch glycolate, and amylum maydis. The Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) that all active ingredients have a different value according to the results of external laboratory tests with values that are most sensitive to ignition, namely diazepam, methyldopa hydrate, loperamide hydrochloride, domperidone and micronised prednisolone which have an MIE value of 1-3 mj which can cause a strong to very strong explosion if it meets the Minimum Explosive Concentration (MEC) concentration. In this regard, before determining the classification of a hazardous area, it is very important to identify the source of ignition in the process area. The ignition sources come from electrical equipment, static electricity, and friction/mechanical spark. Classification of hazardous areas with the category of zones in the granulation process at Non Betalactam facilities (Multi Product Facility) consists of zone 20 in each equipment chamber/container, zone 21 in each opening of the hopper/charging unit, a dust release area with a radius of one meter and zone 22 outside zone 21 in the granulation process room. The risk level of fire and dust explosion in the granulation process (mixing) using the wet granulation method (hybrid mixture) based on the Dow's Fire and Explosion Index method is moderate risk with a total score of 95.1762 with an exposure radius of 29.010 meters and an estimated loss of IDR 1,467. 276,735,672. Therefore, it is very important to carry out risk mitigation so that the risk of fire and dust explosion in this process area is at a low risk.
T-6749
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Abdurrohman; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Laksita Ri Hastiti, Kasmadi, Alfajri Ismail
Abstrak:
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Industri petrokimia, merupakan sektor dengan tingkat risiko tinggi terhadap bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan akibat keterlibatan bahan mudah terbakar, bahan beracun, serta kondisi operasi pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif semi-kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan area berbahaya pada proses produksi berdasarkan standar API RP 500 serta menentukan tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan dalam proses produksi gas amonia menggunakan metode DF&EI. Pendekatan metodologis yang digunakan meliputi identifikasi bahan kimia berbahaya, penilaian tingkat bahaya menggunakan metode DF&EI, analisis estimasi kerugian dan radius paparan, serta kajian tingkat dispersi gas amonia dan ledakan proses yang dihasilkan selama proses produksi menggunakan software ALOHA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Plant 1A memiliki indeks DF&EI pada kategori parah (severe), radius paparan 223,78m, dan actual MPPD 154 miliar pada unit ammonia converter dan ringan (light), radius paparan 45,78, dan actual MPPD 47 miliar pada unit reaktor urea. Klasifikasi area berbahaya mengindikasikan keberadaan zona klasifikasi kelas I, divisi 2 di beberapa titik proses produksi yang berdekatan dengan sumber pelepasan uap amonia dan gas alam. Skenario terburuk menunjukan adanya dampak kerugian yang luas akibat ledakan dari unit ammonia converter sejauh 269m menyebabkan kerusakan kaca bangunan dan sebaran gas ammonia sejauh 10km pada reaktor urea menyebabkan ganguan pernapasan.
The petrochemical industry is a high-risk sector for fire and explosion hazards due to the involvement of flammable and toxic substances, as well as operating conditions at high temperatures and pressures. This study is a semi-quantitative descriptive research aimed at classifying hazardous areas in the production process based on the API RP 500 standard and determining the level of fire and explosion risk in the ammonia gas production process using the Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index (DF&EI) method. The methodological approach includes the identification of hazardous chemicals, hazard level assessment using DF&EI, analysis of loss estimation and exposure radius, and assessment of ammonia gas dispersion and process explosion using the ALOHA software. The analysis results show that Plant 1A has a DF&EI index categorized as severe, with an exposure radius of 223.78 meters and an actual MPPD of IDR 154 billion in the ammonia converter unit, and categorized as light, with an exposure radius of 45.78 meters and an actual MPPD of IDR 47 billion in the urea reactor unit. The hazardous area classification indicates the presence of Class I, Division 2 classified zones in several parts of the production process close to the ammonia vapor and natural gas release sources. The worst-case scenario shows a significant impact due to an explosion from the ammonia converter unit with a blast radius of up to 269 meters causing window glass breakage, and ammonia gas dispersion from the urea reactor spreading up to 10 kilometers, potentially causing respiratory issues.
The petrochemical industry is a high-risk sector for fire and explosion hazards due to the involvement of flammable and toxic substances, as well as operating conditions at high temperatures and pressures. This study is a semi-quantitative descriptive research aimed at classifying hazardous areas in the production process based on the API RP 500 standard and determining the level of fire and explosion risk in the ammonia gas production process using the Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index (DF&EI) method. The methodological approach includes the identification of hazardous chemicals, hazard level assessment using DF&EI, analysis of loss estimation and exposure radius, and assessment of ammonia gas dispersion and process explosion using the ALOHA software. The analysis results show that Plant 1A has a DF&EI index categorized as severe, with an exposure radius of 223.78 meters and an actual MPPD of IDR 154 billion in the ammonia converter unit, and categorized as light, with an exposure radius of 45.78 meters and an actual MPPD of IDR 47 billion in the urea reactor unit. The hazardous area classification indicates the presence of Class I, Division 2 classified zones in several parts of the production process close to the ammonia vapor and natural gas release sources. The worst-case scenario shows a significant impact due to an explosion from the ammonia converter unit with a blast radius of up to 269 meters causing window glass breakage, and ammonia gas dispersion from the urea reactor spreading up to 10 kilometers, potentially causing respiratory issues.
T-7421
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Naila Adinda Achmad; Pembimbing: Hendra; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, M. Fiki Handriyanto
Abstrak:
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Stasiun Manggarai merupakan stasiun paling aktif yang menghubungkan tujuh persimpangan jalur kereta api. Sebelum pandemi, tercatat bahwa Stasiun Manggarai merupakan stasiun tersibuk yang melayani lebih dari 20.000 pengguna setiap harinya (Ditjen Perkeretaapian 2022). Pada Januari 2023, terkonfirmasi bahwa Stasiun Manggarai memiliki 150.000 pengguna transit dan 14.000 pengguna stasiun per harinya (Fransisca, 2023). Jumlah pengguna yang banyak dapat meningkatkan kepadatan sehingga dapat meningkatkan potensi bahaya dan risiko, termasuk bahaya dan risiko kebakaran. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran sistem proteksi kebakaran dan keselamatan kebakaran di Stasiun Transit Manggarai Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) Commuter Line Jabodetabek dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan komparasi. Penulis membandingkan hasil penerapan sistem proteksi kebakaran dan keselamatan kebakaran di Stasiun Manggarai dengan standar NFPA 130 dan Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Rapid Transit Systems 2022. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan dengan wawancara, telaah dokumen, dan observasi langsung pada stasiun. Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan bahwa persentase pemenuhan sistem proteksi kebakaran dan keselamatan kebakaran pada Stasiun Manggarai adalah sebesar 84,34% dengan pemenuhan tertinggi pada aspek Fungsi, Reliabilitas, dan Ketersediaan Sistem Komunikasi dan Kontrol dan Persyaratan Kawat dan Kabel sebesar 100% dan pemenuhan terendah pada aspek Sistem Komunikasi Keadaan Darurat sebesar 50%.
Stasiun Manggarai is the most active station. In January 2023, Stasiun Manggarai has 150,000 transit users and 14,000 station users per day (Fransisca, 2023). This large number of users can certainly increase the density – and according to research – density can increase the existing potential hazards and risks, including fire hazards. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out the implementation of fire protection and fire safety system at Stasiun Transit Manggarai Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) Commuter Line Jabodetabek using a descriptive observational method with comparative approach. The author compares the results of implementing fire protection and fire safety systems at Manggarai Station with NFPA 130 and Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Rapid Transit Systems 2022. The results of this study were obtained through interviews, document review, and observation. The research found that the proportion of implementation of fire protection and fire safety systems at the Stasiun Manggarai is 84.34% with the highest fulfillment at the percentage of 100% on Function, Reliability, and Availability of Communication and Control Systems; and Wire and Cable Requirements aspect. The lowest compliance is in the Emergency Communication System aspect with the percentage of 50%.
S-11285
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Febrina Yolanda; Pembimbing: Indri Hapsari Susilowati; Penguji: Stevan Deby Anbiya Muhamad Sunarno, Aulia Akbar, Angga Andhika
Abstrak:
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Pertalite dan B40 merupakan produk minyak yang diidentifikasi sebagai cairan yang dapat menyala lalu memicu kilatan api (flash fire) atau ledakan. PT XYZ, sebuah perusahaan distribusi, menggunakan jalur maritim dan kapal tanker untuk mendistribusikan produk BBM ini. Salah satu jenis kapal tanker yang digunakan adalah Self Propelled Oil Barge (SPOB) dan Oil Barge (OB). Risiko tinggi bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan pada kapal tanker berasal dari produk minyak yang tergolong extremely flammable liquid. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pemodelan kuantitatif yang menggunakan data sekunder perusahaan, studi literatur, serta wawancara pekerja. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Areal Locations Of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) berdasarkan skenario terburuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan dari kebocoran tangki berupa jangkauan radiasi termal dari skenario kebakaran pool fire dan overpressure threat zone atau blast area dari skenario ledakan vapor cloud explosion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan pada kapal pengangkut bahan bakar dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh jenis bahan bakar, luas puddle area, serta karakteristik penguapan bahan mudah terbakar. Pemodelan menggunakan perangkat lunak ALOHA pada skenario pool fire menunjukkan bahwa surrogate Pertalite (Isooctane) menghasilkan intensitas kebakaran dan jangkauan radiasi termal yang lebih besar dibandingkan surrogate HSD B40 (N-Dodecane) pada kedua kapal. Pada SPOB, jangkauan Radiasi Termal Pool fire mencapai 145 meter pada yellow zone, sedangkan pada OB. mencapai 228 meter sebagai jarak konsekuensi terbesar dari seluruh skenario. Sementara itu, skenario Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) hanya terjadi pada surrogate Pertalite karena konsentrasi uap N-Dodecane tidak mampu mencapai Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) di area perairan terbuka. Hasil pemodelan VCE menunjukkan bahwa overpressure maksimum tidak mencapai tingkat destruktif struktural (>8 psi), namun masih berpotensi menyebabkan cedera serius hingga jarak 98 meter dan pecahnya kaca hingga 114 meter pada OB. Secara keseluruhan, OB menghasilkan threat zone lebih besar dibandingkan SPOB akibat puddle area yang lebih luas. Dengan demikian, yellow zone pool fire OB sebesar 228 meter direkomendasikan sebagai acuan minimum safety buffer zone dalam operasi bongkar muat bahan bakar di area perairan. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi perusahaan untuk memperhitungkan konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan ini, mempertahankan sistem keselamatan kebakaran dan tanggap darurat yang sudah ada, serta melakukan sosialisasi mengenai konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan kepada pekerja, masyarakat, serta pihak dermaga.
The results of this study indicate that the consequences of fire and explosion on fuel transport vessels are significantly influenced by the type of fuel, puddle area, and evaporation characteristics of flammable substances. Modeling using the ALOHA software in pool fire scenarios demonstrated that the Pertalite surrogate (Isooctane) produced higher fire intensity and wider thermal radiation threat zones compared to the HSD B40 surrogate (N-Dodecane) on both vessels. On SPOB, the thermal radiation distance from the pool fire scenario reached 145 meters in the yellow zone, while on OB it reached 228 meters, representing the largest consequence distance among all modeled scenarios. Meanwhile, the vapor cloud explosion (VCE) scenario only occurred for the Pertalite surrogate because the vapor concentration of N-Dodecane was unable to reach the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) under open-water conditions. The VCE modeling results showed that the maximum overpressure did not reach the destructive structural level (>8 psi); however, it still had the potential to cause serious injuries up to 98 meters and glass breakage up to 114 meters on OB. Overall, OB consistently produced larger threat zones than SPOB due to its larger puddle area. Therefore, the 228-meter yellow zone from the pool fire scenario on OB is recommended as the minimum safety buffer zone reference for fuel loading and unloading operations in marine areas.
T-7659
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Samiyah Salim; Pembimbing: Sjahrul Meizar Nasri; Penguji: Tyagita Meyril Rahmadhani, Hendra
Abstrak:
Sektor perkantoran yang berada pada bangunan bertingkat tinggi memiliki potensi bahaya dan risiko kebakaran yang signifikan. Penelitian ini memiliki fokus pada analisis sistem proteksi aktif, sistem proteksi pasif, sarana penyelamatan jiwa, dan manajemen keselamatan kebakaran di Kantor Pusat PT XYZ. Desain penelitian menggunakan studi observasional dengan pendekatan semi kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, telaah dokumen, serta menggunakan instrumen lembar checklist. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan kondisi aktual terhadap Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 26/PRT/M/2008, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 48 Tahun 2016, Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 20 Tahun 2009, dan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sistem proteksi kebakaran aktif memperoleh persentase tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 85,2% dengan kriteria baik, sistem proteksi kebakaran pasif memperoleh persentase tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 66,6% dengan kriteria cukup, sarana penyelamatan jiwa memperoleh persentase tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 91,5% dengan kriteria baik, serta manajemen keselamatan kebakaran memperoleh persentase tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 91,8% dengan kriteria baik. Secara umum, elemen sistem proteksi kebakaran dan manajemen keselamatan kebakaran di Kantor Pusat PT XYZ telah memenuhi peraturan dan standar dengan persentase rata-rata yaitu 83,7%.
The office sector located in high-rise buildings has the potential for significant fire hazards and risks. This study focuses on the analysis of active protection systems, passive protection systems, means of escape, and fire safety management at PT XYZ Head Office. The research design uses an observational study with a semi-quantitative approach. Data collecting is gathered through direct observation, interviews, document review, and using the checklist sheet instrument. Data analysis is performed by comparing the actual conditions with Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 26/PRT/M/2008, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 48 Tahun 2016, Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 20 Tahun 2009, and Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). According to the results of the study, the active fire protection system obtained a percentage level of conformity of 85,2% with good criteria, the passive fire protection system obtained a percentage level of conformity of 66,6% with sufficient criteria, means of escape obtained a percentage level of conformity of 91,5% with good criteria, and fire safety management obtained the percentage of conformity level of 91,8% with good criteria. In general, the elements of fire protection systems and fire safety management at PT XYZ Head Office have complied with regulations and standards with an average percentage of 83,7%.
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The office sector located in high-rise buildings has the potential for significant fire hazards and risks. This study focuses on the analysis of active protection systems, passive protection systems, means of escape, and fire safety management at PT XYZ Head Office. The research design uses an observational study with a semi-quantitative approach. Data collecting is gathered through direct observation, interviews, document review, and using the checklist sheet instrument. Data analysis is performed by comparing the actual conditions with Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 26/PRT/M/2008, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 48 Tahun 2016, Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 20 Tahun 2009, and Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). According to the results of the study, the active fire protection system obtained a percentage level of conformity of 85,2% with good criteria, the passive fire protection system obtained a percentage level of conformity of 66,6% with sufficient criteria, means of escape obtained a percentage level of conformity of 91,5% with good criteria, and fire safety management obtained the percentage of conformity level of 91,8% with good criteria. In general, the elements of fire protection systems and fire safety management at PT XYZ Head Office have complied with regulations and standards with an average percentage of 83,7%.
S-11104
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sekarsari Kartika Putri; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Hery Sutanto, Gerry Aditya Herwanto Putra
Abstrak:
Tesis ini membahas mengenai faktor risiko serta dampak kebakaran maupun ledakan yang dapat terjadi dari pengoperasian Boiler di Industri Makanan PT.X. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian semi kuantitatif menggunakan metode perhitungan Dows Fire and Explosion Index serta perangkat lunak ALOHA versi 5.4.7 yang superimposisi dengan MARPLOT. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan nilai 111,62 dengan klasifikasi tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran ledakan Boiler dalam kategori Intermediate. Populasi terdampak kebakaran dan ledakan Boiler sebanyak 615 orang dengan estimasi nilai kerugian sebesar Rp. 879.872.821.670. PT. X dapat mengurangi nilai kerugian dan mencegah terjadinya kebakaran serta ledakan melalui penyediaan sarana proteksi kebakaran baik aktif maupun pasif yang memadai, updating prosedur tanggap darurat, simulasi, pelatihan personil serta upgrading sistem Boiler menjadi Automatic Boiler.
The focus of this thesis discuses about risk factors and the impact of fires and explosions that can occur from the operation of boilers in the PT X Food Industry. This research is a semi quantitative research using Dows Fire and Explosion Index calculation method and the ALOHA software version 5.4.7 which is superimposed with MARPLOT. The results of the study obtained a value of 111,62 with the classification of the risk level of Boiler fire and explosion hazard in the Intermediate category. The population affected by the fire and explosion was 615 workers with an estimated loss Rp. 879.872.821.672. PT. X can reduce the value of losses and prevent fires and explosions through the provision of adequate active and passive fire protection facilities, updating emergency response prosedures, simulatin, personnel training and upgrading the Boiler System to Automatic Boiler
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The focus of this thesis discuses about risk factors and the impact of fires and explosions that can occur from the operation of boilers in the PT X Food Industry. This research is a semi quantitative research using Dows Fire and Explosion Index calculation method and the ALOHA software version 5.4.7 which is superimposed with MARPLOT. The results of the study obtained a value of 111,62 with the classification of the risk level of Boiler fire and explosion hazard in the Intermediate category. The population affected by the fire and explosion was 615 workers with an estimated loss Rp. 879.872.821.672. PT. X can reduce the value of losses and prevent fires and explosions through the provision of adequate active and passive fire protection facilities, updating emergency response prosedures, simulatin, personnel training and upgrading the Boiler System to Automatic Boiler
T-6320
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Siti Widya Nazhrah; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Laksita Ri Hastiti, Hendra, Ismu Zulfikar, Romy Marliansyah
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Penggunaan biogas dalam mendukung aktivitas pembangunan memiliki risiko kebakaran dan ledakan karena struktur komposisi penyusunnya. Tingkat kecelakaan karena biogas di Eropa tercatat cukup signifikan dalam rentang waktu tahun 2007 2014, yaitu sebanyak 144 kasus dimana 17 kasus di dalamnya mengakibatkan kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis risiko kebakaran dan ledakan pada biogas plant di PT X dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui analisis tingkat kemungkinan, konsekuensi, serta mengestimasikan tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan pada instalasi biogas PT X. Analisis kemungkinan risiko kebakaran dan ledakan menggunakan metode Event Tree Analysis (ETA) dan untuk analisis konsekuensi menggunakan perangkat lunak Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) v.5.4.7. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya skenario kebocoran gas dari pipa pada saat operasional biogas yang berdampak jet fire, flash fire dan ledakan dengan kemungkinan 1,08,E-06 untuk jet fire, 1,30,E-05 untuk flash fire, dan 8,64,E-06 untuk ledakan. Dampak kebakaran jet fire mencapai 20 meter, vapor cloud mencapai 63 meter, ledakan 26 meter, dan toxic threat zone kurang dari 10 meter. Risiko individu untuk pekerjaan dengan waktu kerja 10 jam seperti asisten operasional biogas adalah sebesar 6,935 x 10-9 dan untuk pekerjaan dengan waktu kerja 12 jam seperti operator biodigester, gas engine dan security adalah 8,322 x 10-9. Total Potential Loss of Life (PLL) adalah 1,304 x 10-7. Dengan demikian risiko individu dan sosial masih dalam level dapat terima. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan adalah menerapkan pengendalian preventif berbasis risiko, evaluasi sistem proteksi kebakaran, mengembangkan program manajemen krisis dan tanggap darurat baik dari segi sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas
The use of biogas in supporting development activities has the risk of fire and explosion due to the structure of its constituent composition. The accident rate due to biogas in Europe was recorded quite significantly in the period 2007 2014, there are 144 cases of which 17 fatalities. This study aims to analyze the risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X with a quantitative approach through analysis of the likelihood, consequence, and estimating the level of risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X. Analysis of the possibility of fire and explosion risk using the Event Tree Analysis method (ETA) and for the analysis of consequences using the software Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) v.5.4.7. The result of this research is that there is a scenario of gas leakage from the pipeline during biogas operation which has an impact on jet fire, flash fire and explosion with a probability of 1.08, E-06 for jet fire, 1.30, E-05 for flash fire, and 8, 64,E-06 for explosion. The impact of the jet fire was 20 meters, the vapor cloud reached 63 meters, the explosion was 26 meters, and the toxic threat zone was less than 10 meters. The individual risk for a job with a working time of 10 hours such as a biogas operational assistant is 6.935 x 10-9 and for a job with a working time of 12 hours such as a biodigester, gas engine and security operator is 8.322 x 10-9. Total Potential Loss of Life (PLL) is 1,304 x 10-7. Thus, individual and social risks are still at an acceptable level. Recommendations that can be given are implementing risk-based preventive controls, evaluating fire protection systems, developing crisis management and emergency response programs both in terms of human resources and facilities
T-6375
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aswan Hery Putra; Pembimbing: Chandra Satrya; Penguji: Hendra, Neils Boriyantoro
S-4691
Depok : FKM-UI, 2006
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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