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Damai Arum Pratiwi; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Agustin Kusumayati, Laila Fitria, Miko Hananto, Didi Purnama
Abstrak:
Sopir angkutan kota (angkot) di Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur, menghabiskan waktu berjam-jam di jalan sehingga terpajan particulate matter (PM2,5) dalam konsentrasi yang tinggi sehingga dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan bahkan kematian dini melalui mekanisme stres oksidatif. Malondialdehyde (MDA) adalah salah satu produk sampingan dari stres oksidatif yang menjadi biomarker peroksidasi lipid. Dalam tesis ini, peneliti mengukur PM2,5 pada 130 driver saat mereka mengendarai angkot selama satu kali pulang pergi. Kadar MDA diperiksa dari sampel urin, indeks massa tubuh (IMT) diukur dengan berat dan tinggi badan, dan data variabel lainnya (masa kerja, durasi kerja, kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi vitamin, konsumsi minuman energi, kebiasaan olahraga, dan trayek angkutan) dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pajanan PM2,5 dan IMT secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kadar MDA (p <0,05). Secara keseluruhan, tesis ini menyarankan pengemudi untuk mengontrol berat badannya agar kadar MDA dalam tubuh tidak meningkat serta agar sopir melindungi kesehatan dirinya
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T-5773
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Purnama Sidebang; Pembimbing: Agustin Kusumayati; Penguji: Budi Haryanto, Miko Hananto, Didi Purnama
Abstrak:
Latar belakang: Particulate Matter (PM2,5), merupakan polutan di udara yang berbahaya terhadap kesehatan manusia dengan risiko kematian akan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan paparan PM2,5. Sektor transportasi merupakan salah satu sumber polusi udara terbesar di perkotaan dan sopir angkutan umum merupakan kelompok yang berisiko senantiasa terpapar polusi udara khususnya PM2,5. PM2,5 telah diketahui dapat menjadi pemicu terjadinya oksidatif stres, yaitu ketidakseimbangan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) dan antioksidan (seperti total GSH) dalam tubuh yang dapat merusak jaringan, protein, DNA dan lemak dalam sel dan lebih lanjut berperan dalam terjadinya penyakit pada manusia seperti kanker, asma, penyakit respiratori dan gangguan inflamasi.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajanan PM2,5 terhadap kadar total glutathione pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei tahun 2019 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 orang sopir dari 9 trayek angkutan kota yang masuk dan berangkat dari Terminal Kampung Melayu. Pengukuran antropometri, konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dan karakteristik individu dilakukan serta pemeriksaan kadar GSH total pada urin yang dilakukan di Laboratorium menggunakan Glutathione Assay Kit dengan teknik colorimetric menggunakan spektrofotometer.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5 di seluruh trayek angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu sebesar 90,85 ± 1,83 μg/m³. Dari semua rute mikrolet, rata-rata pajanan PM2,5 lebih tinggi adalah mikrolet trayek M28 sebesar 114,85 μg/m³. Rata-rata total GSH pada urin sopir diketahui sebesar 1,29 ± 0,52 μM. PM2,5 berhubungan signifikan terhadap kadar GSH Total (p value = 0,042), namun pengaruhnya menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah (r = 0,208) dan berkorelasi negatif. Analisis multivariabel menunjukkan PM2,5 berpengaruh terhadap GSH Total sebesar 9,2% (R2 = 0,092) setelah dikontrol dengan IMT sopir, dengan hubungan negatif yang berarti semakin besar konsentrasi PM2,5 maka kadar GSH akan semakin rendah (p value = 0,026). Pengukuran kadar antioksidan sebagai penanda oksidatif stres dapat dilakukan pada sampel urin dengan menggunakan biomarker yang lebih akurat seperti GSH teroksidasi.
Kata kunci: Particulate Matter (PM2,5), Glutathione Total (GSH), Oksidatif stres, Polusi udara, Sopir angkutan umum.
Background: Particulate Matter (PM2,5), is a pollutant in the air that is harmful to human health with the risk of death increasing along with increased PM2,5 exposure. The transportation sector is one of the biggest sources of pollution in urban areas and drivers of public transport are at risk of being exposed to air pollution especially PM2.5. PM2,5 has been known to be a trigger for oxidative stress, namely the imbalance of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and antioxidants (such as total GSH) in the body which can damage to tissues, proteins, DNA and fat in cells and further caused disease in humans such as cancer, asthma, respiratory disease and inflammatory disorders.
Objective: The aims was to study the effect of PM2.5 exposure to total glutathione levels on drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal transportation.
Method: This study uses a cross-sectional design, carried out in May 2019 with a total sample of 96 people from 9 routes of city transportation entering and departing from Kampung Melayu Terminal. Anthropometric, individual characteristics and measurements of PM2.5 in air were carried out. Examination of urinary total GSH levels carried out in the Laboratory using Glutathione Assay Kit with colorimetric techniques using a spectrophotometer.
Results: The results showed that the average PM2.5 concentration in all Kampung Melayu terminal transportation routes was 90.85 ± 1.83 μg/m³. Of all the microlet routes, the average exposure of PM2,5 is higher is the M28 route mikrolet of 114.85 μg/m³. The average of drivers urinary total GSH is 1.29 ± 0.52 μM. PM2.5 is related significantly to total GSH levels (p value = 0.042), but the effect shows a weak relationship (r = 0.208) and is negatively correlated. Multivariable analysis shows that PM2.5 affects to Total GSH at 9.2% (R2 = 0.092) after being controlled by IMT and smoking habits, with a negative relationship which means the greater the PM2.5 concentration, the Total GSH level will be lower (p value = 0.026). Measuring antioxidant levels as an oxidative marker can be done in urine samples by using more accurate biomarkers such as oxidized GSH.
Keywords: Particulate Matter (PM2,5), Total Glutathione (GSH), Oxidative stress, Air pollution, Public transport driver
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Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajanan PM2,5 terhadap kadar total glutathione pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei tahun 2019 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 orang sopir dari 9 trayek angkutan kota yang masuk dan berangkat dari Terminal Kampung Melayu. Pengukuran antropometri, konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dan karakteristik individu dilakukan serta pemeriksaan kadar GSH total pada urin yang dilakukan di Laboratorium menggunakan Glutathione Assay Kit dengan teknik colorimetric menggunakan spektrofotometer.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5 di seluruh trayek angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu sebesar 90,85 ± 1,83 μg/m³. Dari semua rute mikrolet, rata-rata pajanan PM2,5 lebih tinggi adalah mikrolet trayek M28 sebesar 114,85 μg/m³. Rata-rata total GSH pada urin sopir diketahui sebesar 1,29 ± 0,52 μM. PM2,5 berhubungan signifikan terhadap kadar GSH Total (p value = 0,042), namun pengaruhnya menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah (r = 0,208) dan berkorelasi negatif. Analisis multivariabel menunjukkan PM2,5 berpengaruh terhadap GSH Total sebesar 9,2% (R2 = 0,092) setelah dikontrol dengan IMT sopir, dengan hubungan negatif yang berarti semakin besar konsentrasi PM2,5 maka kadar GSH akan semakin rendah (p value = 0,026). Pengukuran kadar antioksidan sebagai penanda oksidatif stres dapat dilakukan pada sampel urin dengan menggunakan biomarker yang lebih akurat seperti GSH teroksidasi.
Kata kunci: Particulate Matter (PM2,5), Glutathione Total (GSH), Oksidatif stres, Polusi udara, Sopir angkutan umum.
Background: Particulate Matter (PM2,5), is a pollutant in the air that is harmful to human health with the risk of death increasing along with increased PM2,5 exposure. The transportation sector is one of the biggest sources of pollution in urban areas and drivers of public transport are at risk of being exposed to air pollution especially PM2.5. PM2,5 has been known to be a trigger for oxidative stress, namely the imbalance of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and antioxidants (such as total GSH) in the body which can damage to tissues, proteins, DNA and fat in cells and further caused disease in humans such as cancer, asthma, respiratory disease and inflammatory disorders.
Objective: The aims was to study the effect of PM2.5 exposure to total glutathione levels on drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal transportation.
Method: This study uses a cross-sectional design, carried out in May 2019 with a total sample of 96 people from 9 routes of city transportation entering and departing from Kampung Melayu Terminal. Anthropometric, individual characteristics and measurements of PM2.5 in air were carried out. Examination of urinary total GSH levels carried out in the Laboratory using Glutathione Assay Kit with colorimetric techniques using a spectrophotometer.
Results: The results showed that the average PM2.5 concentration in all Kampung Melayu terminal transportation routes was 90.85 ± 1.83 μg/m³. Of all the microlet routes, the average exposure of PM2,5 is higher is the M28 route mikrolet of 114.85 μg/m³. The average of drivers urinary total GSH is 1.29 ± 0.52 μM. PM2.5 is related significantly to total GSH levels (p value = 0.042), but the effect shows a weak relationship (r = 0.208) and is negatively correlated. Multivariable analysis shows that PM2.5 affects to Total GSH at 9.2% (R2 = 0.092) after being controlled by IMT and smoking habits, with a negative relationship which means the greater the PM2.5 concentration, the Total GSH level will be lower (p value = 0.026). Measuring antioxidant levels as an oxidative marker can be done in urine samples by using more accurate biomarkers such as oxidized GSH.
Keywords: Particulate Matter (PM2,5), Total Glutathione (GSH), Oxidative stress, Air pollution, Public transport driver
T-5771
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Tia Prabawati Suhengsi; Pembimbing: R. Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Didi Purnama, Zahra
Abstrak:
Latar belakang. Pencemaran udara telah menjadi masalah global tahunan sejak beberapa tahun belakangan. Pencemaran udara dapat mengakibatkan berbagai dampak buruk bagi kesehatan. Salah satu komponen zat pencemar udara yang umum ditemukan di kota-kota besar di dunia yaitu PM2,5, polutan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi paru. Sumber terbesar dari pencemaran PM2,5 di udara ambien perkotaan berasal dari asap kendaraan bermotor.
Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengatahui hubungan antara konsentrasi pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakata Timur.
Metode. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode observasi dengan desain studi cross-sectional untuk mengetahui hubungan konsentrasi pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakata Timur. 125 sopir angkutan kota terlibat sebagai subjek pada penelitian ini.
Hasil. Dari 125 sopir yang terlibat, ada 72 sopir angkutan kota yang mengalami gangguan fungsi paru dengan persentase sebesar 57,6%. Konsentrasi rata-rata PM2.5 yaitu 90,99 μg/m3. Nilai P konstan dari uji regresi logistik antara gangguan fungsi paru dengan konsentrasi PM2.5, umur, lama kerja dan riwayat penyakit paru, yaitu 0,039.
Kesimpulan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan adanya hubungan antara gangguan fungsi paru yang dialami oleh sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur dengan Konsentrasi PM2.5, setelah setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, lama kerja, serta riwayat penyakit paru
Kata kunci: pencemaran udara; PM2,5; gangguan fungsi paru; sopir angkutan kota
Background. Air pollutions has been becoming annual global issue for the past fiew years. Air Pollutions can cause various adverse effects on health. One component of air pollutants which commonly found in major cities in the world is PM2.5, a pollutant that can cause lung function impairments. The biggest source of PM2.5 pollutions in urban air comes from motor vehicle combustion.
Purpose. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between exposure of PM2.5 and impaired lung function on Public Transportation Drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta.
Methods. This study was conducted by the observation method with a cross-sectional study design to determine the relationship between PM2.5 exposure concentration and lung function impairment in the public transportation drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta. 125 drivers were involved as subjects in this study.
Results. There were 72 public transportation drivers, of the 125 drivers involved, who experienced lung function impairments (57.6%). The mean PM2.5 concentration was 90.99 μg / m3. The constant P value from the logistic regression test between lung function impairments and PM2.5 concentrations, controlled by age, length of work and a history of lung disease is 0.039.
Conclution. The conclusion from this study is lung function impairments experienced by public transportation drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta were associated with PM2.5 concentration, after being controlled by variables of age, length of work, and a history of lung disease.
Keyword: Air Pollutions; PM2.5; lung function; drivers
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Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengatahui hubungan antara konsentrasi pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakata Timur.
Metode. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode observasi dengan desain studi cross-sectional untuk mengetahui hubungan konsentrasi pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakata Timur. 125 sopir angkutan kota terlibat sebagai subjek pada penelitian ini.
Hasil. Dari 125 sopir yang terlibat, ada 72 sopir angkutan kota yang mengalami gangguan fungsi paru dengan persentase sebesar 57,6%. Konsentrasi rata-rata PM2.5 yaitu 90,99 μg/m3. Nilai P konstan dari uji regresi logistik antara gangguan fungsi paru dengan konsentrasi PM2.5, umur, lama kerja dan riwayat penyakit paru, yaitu 0,039.
Kesimpulan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan adanya hubungan antara gangguan fungsi paru yang dialami oleh sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur dengan Konsentrasi PM2.5, setelah setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, lama kerja, serta riwayat penyakit paru
Kata kunci: pencemaran udara; PM2,5; gangguan fungsi paru; sopir angkutan kota
Background. Air pollutions has been becoming annual global issue for the past fiew years. Air Pollutions can cause various adverse effects on health. One component of air pollutants which commonly found in major cities in the world is PM2.5, a pollutant that can cause lung function impairments. The biggest source of PM2.5 pollutions in urban air comes from motor vehicle combustion.
Purpose. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between exposure of PM2.5 and impaired lung function on Public Transportation Drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta.
Methods. This study was conducted by the observation method with a cross-sectional study design to determine the relationship between PM2.5 exposure concentration and lung function impairment in the public transportation drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta. 125 drivers were involved as subjects in this study.
Results. There were 72 public transportation drivers, of the 125 drivers involved, who experienced lung function impairments (57.6%). The mean PM2.5 concentration was 90.99 μg / m3. The constant P value from the logistic regression test between lung function impairments and PM2.5 concentrations, controlled by age, length of work and a history of lung disease is 0.039.
Conclution. The conclusion from this study is lung function impairments experienced by public transportation drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta were associated with PM2.5 concentration, after being controlled by variables of age, length of work, and a history of lung disease.
Keyword: Air Pollutions; PM2.5; lung function; drivers
T-5782
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Aqiela Fadia Putri; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Didi Purnama
Abstrak:
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Latar belakang: Polusi udara, khususnya partikulat halus (PM2,5), merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan lingkungan yang signifikan di wilayah perkotaan padat lalu lintas seperti Kota Depok. PM2,5 memiliki ukuran partikel yang sangat kecil sehingga dapat masuk hingga ke alveoli paru dan menimbulkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan, termasuk gangguan fungsi paru. Sopir angkutan kota menjadi salah satu kelompok yang paling rentan karena sebagian besar waktu kerjanya dihabiskan di area dengan tingkat polusi udara tinggi. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan PM2,5 di udara ambien dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada sopir angkutan kota di Terminal Depok, Jawa Barat tahun 2025. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 100 sopir angkutan kota yang dipilih melalui teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru dengan mempertimbangkan faktor kovariat. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5 adalah 42,19 μg/m³ (SD 10,04 μg/m³), yang melebihi nilai ambang batas yang direkomendasikan WHO. Sebanyak 74% responden mengalami gangguan fungsi paru. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru (p = 0,012). Namun, pada analisis multivariat, setelah dikontrol dengan variabel umur, masa kerja, dan status merokok, hubungan tersebut tidak signifikan (p = 0,642; OR = 1,018; 95% CI: 0,944–1,099). Kesimpulan: Pajanan PM2,5 memiliki hubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru secara statistik pada analisis bivariat, tetapi tidak setelah dikontrol dengan faktor risiko lainnya. Saran: Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya upaya pengendalian polusi udara, peningkatan kesadaran sopir akan risiko kesehatan, penyediaan alat pelindung diri, serta perlunya kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengaturan ulang terhadap baku mutu udara ambien nasional.
Background: Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2,5), is a significant environmental health issue in urban areas with dense traffic such as Depok. PM2,5 consists of extremely small particles that can reach the alveoli and cause various health problems, including pulmonary function impairment. Public transport drivers are among the most vulnerable groups as they spend most of their working hours in areas with high levels of air pollution. Objective: To determine the relationship between ambient PM2,5 exposure and pulmonary function impairment among public transport drivers at Depok Terminal, West Java in 2025. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with 100 public transport drivers selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods to assess the association between PM2,5 exposure and pulmonary function impairment while controlling for covariates. Results: The study showed that the mean PM2,5 concentration was 42.19 μg/m³ (SD 10.04 μg/m³), exceeding the limit recommended by WHO. A total of 74% of respondents experienced pulmonary function impairment. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant association between PM2,5 exposure and pulmonary function impairment (p = 0.012). However, in multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, length of employment, and smoking status, the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.642; OR = 1.018; 95% CI: 0.944–1.099). Conclusion: PM2,5 exposure was significantly associated with pulmonary function impairment in the bivariate analysis, but this association was not significant after controlling for other risk factors. Recommendation: This study suggests the need for air pollution control efforts, increased driver awareness of health risks, provision of personal protective equipment, and a review of national ambient air quality standards by the government.
Background: Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2,5), is a significant environmental health issue in urban areas with dense traffic such as Depok. PM2,5 consists of extremely small particles that can reach the alveoli and cause various health problems, including pulmonary function impairment. Public transport drivers are among the most vulnerable groups as they spend most of their working hours in areas with high levels of air pollution. Objective: To determine the relationship between ambient PM2,5 exposure and pulmonary function impairment among public transport drivers at Depok Terminal, West Java in 2025. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with 100 public transport drivers selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods to assess the association between PM2,5 exposure and pulmonary function impairment while controlling for covariates. Results: The study showed that the mean PM2,5 concentration was 42.19 μg/m³ (SD 10.04 μg/m³), exceeding the limit recommended by WHO. A total of 74% of respondents experienced pulmonary function impairment. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant association between PM2,5 exposure and pulmonary function impairment (p = 0.012). However, in multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, length of employment, and smoking status, the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.642; OR = 1.018; 95% CI: 0.944–1.099). Conclusion: PM2,5 exposure was significantly associated with pulmonary function impairment in the bivariate analysis, but this association was not significant after controlling for other risk factors. Recommendation: This study suggests the need for air pollution control efforts, increased driver awareness of health risks, provision of personal protective equipment, and a review of national ambient air quality standards by the government.
S-12015
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Muhammad Mustaghfiri Asror; Pembimbing: R. Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Zakianis, Ary Susanti
Abstrak:
Pada tahun 2017 Kota depok memiliki tingkat hipertensi primer mencapai angka 27,08% pada tahun 2017. Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018 hasil tersebut mendekati prevalensi hipertensi Nasional yaitu sebesar (31,6%). Faktor risiko hipertensi yang diduga kuat oleh peneliti yaitu perilaku merokok di kalangan sopir hal tersebut mengacu pemeriksaan mengenai tingkat hipertensi yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2013 terhadap supir bus, sebanyak 234 dari 314 responden yang diperiksa menderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai adanya hubungan antara kadar kotinin urin yang disebabkan oleh perilaku merokok sopir angkot terhadap gejala hipertensi serta variabel lain seperti riwayat hipertensi keluarga, aktivitas fisik, Indeks Masa Tubuh dan konsumsi alkohol menggunakan desain studi crossectional. Sebanyak 84,4% responden memiliki kadar kotinin ≥200 ng/mL, 13 responden (28,9%) mengalami gejala tekanan darah hipertensi. Dalam penelitian ini tidak ditemukan hubungan antara kadar kotinin dengan hipertensi (p value = 0,093). Namun terdapat hubungan antara riwayat hipertensi keluarga (p value = 0,004). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas responden memiliki kadar kotinin yang tinggi akibat dari aktivitas merokok yang tinggi dan penemuan hipertensi juga tinggi
Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, kotinin, rokok, sopir, transportasi, urin
In 2017 Depok had a primary hypertension rate reaching 27.08% in 2017. Based on the Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018 the precentages approached the National Hypertension prevalence that is equal to (31.6%). The risk factor for hypertension that is strongly suspected by researchers is smoking behavior among drivers. It refers to an examination of the level of hypertension conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2013 on bus drivers, 234 of 314 respondents who were examined were suffering from hypertension. This study aims to provide an overview of the relationship between urinary cotinine levels caused by the smoking behavior of public transportation drivers on the symptoms of hypertension and other variables such as family history of hypertension, physical activity, Body Mass Index and alcohol consumption using a cross-sectional study design. As many as 84.4% of respondents had cotinin levels ≥200 ng / mL, 13 respondents (28.9%) experienced symptoms of hypertension. In this study no relationship was found between cotinin levels and hypertension (p value = 0.093). But there is a relationship between family history of hypertension (p value = 0.004). From this study it can be concluded that the majority of respondents have high levels of cotinin as a result of high smoking activity and the discovery of hypertension is also high.
Keywords: Hypertension, cotinine, cigarrette, driver, transportation, uri
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Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, kotinin, rokok, sopir, transportasi, urin
In 2017 Depok had a primary hypertension rate reaching 27.08% in 2017. Based on the Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018 the precentages approached the National Hypertension prevalence that is equal to (31.6%). The risk factor for hypertension that is strongly suspected by researchers is smoking behavior among drivers. It refers to an examination of the level of hypertension conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2013 on bus drivers, 234 of 314 respondents who were examined were suffering from hypertension. This study aims to provide an overview of the relationship between urinary cotinine levels caused by the smoking behavior of public transportation drivers on the symptoms of hypertension and other variables such as family history of hypertension, physical activity, Body Mass Index and alcohol consumption using a cross-sectional study design. As many as 84.4% of respondents had cotinin levels ≥200 ng / mL, 13 respondents (28.9%) experienced symptoms of hypertension. In this study no relationship was found between cotinin levels and hypertension (p value = 0.093). But there is a relationship between family history of hypertension (p value = 0.004). From this study it can be concluded that the majority of respondents have high levels of cotinin as a result of high smoking activity and the discovery of hypertension is also high.
Keywords: Hypertension, cotinine, cigarrette, driver, transportation, uri
S-10490
Depok : FKM UI, 2020
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Ikha Purwandari; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Suyud Warno Utomo, Laila Fitria, Sonny Priajaya Warrow, Anna Rozaliyani
Abstrak:
Tesis ini membahas hubungan pajanan polusi udara (PM2,5 dan NO2) dengan kadar Malondialdehyde pada siswa sekolah dasar negeri yang terletak di sekitar ruas jalan raya di Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan pajanan polusi udara dalam ruangan dengan kadar MDA urin pada siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dilakukan pada bulan April - Mei tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian menujukkan konsentrasi PM2,5 dan NO2 di dalam ruangan melebihi baku mutu yang ditentukan yakni nilai rata-rata di dalam kelas PM2.5 sebesar 86,37 µg/m 3 , sedangkan rata-rata NO2 di dalam kelas sebesar adalah 76,18 µg/m 3 . Kadar MDA dalam urin pada siswa yang digunakan untuk melihat penanda stress oksidatif dalam tubuh anak yang dikaitkan dengan polusi udara dan karakteristik individu. Adanya hubungan dengan korelasi positif antara PM2,5 indoor dengan p value = 0,016 pada sekolah yang berada jauh dari jalan raya. Karakteristik individu pada anak yang digunakan untuk melihat hubungan dengan mengkontrol faktor yang lainnya terhadap MDA pada urin sanak adalah sesuai jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, anggota keluarga yang merokok di rumah, konsumsi vitamin dan suplemen, dan IMT
This thesis discusses the relations between air pollution exposure (PM2,5 and NO2) and Malondialdehyde urinary levels in schollchildren located around the highway in West Jakarta. This study aims to look at the relation between indoor air pollution exposure and urinary MDA levels in school students. The study using a cross sectional study design on April - May of 2019. The results of the study showed that PM2,5 and NO2 concentrations in the room exceeded the specified quality standard. PM2.5 indoor concentration was 86.37 µg / m3, and NO2 indoor concentration was 76.18 µg / m3. MDA urinary levels in students are used to see markers of oxidative stress in a child's body that are associated with air pollution and individual characteristics. There is a relationship with a positive correlation between PM2.5 indoor and p value = 0.016 in schools that are far from the highway. The individual characteristics of the children used to see the relationship with other factors controlling MDA in the urine of the relatives were according to gender, physical activity, smoker in family, vitamins and supplements consumption, and BMI
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This thesis discusses the relations between air pollution exposure (PM2,5 and NO2) and Malondialdehyde urinary levels in schollchildren located around the highway in West Jakarta. This study aims to look at the relation between indoor air pollution exposure and urinary MDA levels in school students. The study using a cross sectional study design on April - May of 2019. The results of the study showed that PM2,5 and NO2 concentrations in the room exceeded the specified quality standard. PM2.5 indoor concentration was 86.37 µg / m3, and NO2 indoor concentration was 76.18 µg / m3. MDA urinary levels in students are used to see markers of oxidative stress in a child's body that are associated with air pollution and individual characteristics. There is a relationship with a positive correlation between PM2.5 indoor and p value = 0.016 in schools that are far from the highway. The individual characteristics of the children used to see the relationship with other factors controlling MDA in the urine of the relatives were according to gender, physical activity, smoker in family, vitamins and supplements consumption, and BMI
T-5775
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aditiyana Eka Saputra; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Suyud, Laila Fitria, Miko Hananto, Heri Nugroho
Abstrak:
Tesis ini membahas hubungan antara carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) dengan kelelahan kerja serta faktor lain yang mendukungnya seperti usia, berat badan, waktu pajanan, frekuensi pajanan, durasi pajanan dan beban kerja kepada sopir angkot di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan melakukan analisis data primer dan sekunder, data primer merupakan hasil dari wawancara dan pengukuran kelelahan kerja, usia, berat badan, waktu pajanan, frekuensi pajanan dan beban kerja, sedangkan data sekunder merupakan hasil dari Proyek Penelitian Hibah Pitta 2019 milik Prof. Umar Fahmi Achmadi, MPH., Ph.D. Hasil penelitian yakni tidak ada hubungan antara COHb dengan kelelahan kerja dengan nilai p=1,000, tetapi memiliki nilai OR=1,111 (0,390- 3,165) yang mempunyai arti sopir angkot yang memiliki COHb yang berisiko mempunyai peluang atau kesempatan untuk mengalami kelelahan kerja 1,1 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sopir angkot yang memiliki COHb yang tidak berisiko. Variabel konfonding dalam penelitian ini adalah usia, frekuensi pajanan dan beban kerja. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan kepada sopir angkot untuk memeriksakan kesehatannya ke puskesmas, klinik atau rumah sakit secara rutin dan selalu menjaga keselamatan penumpangnya. Bagi pihak Dishub dapat memberikan pemeriksaan secara rutin serta memberikan penyuluhan terkait safety driving kepada sopir angkot di Kota Depok
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T-5792
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ema Fiki Munaya; Pembimbing: Umar Fahmi Achmadi, Budi Hartono; Penguji: I Made Djaja, Didi Purnama, Miftahur Rohim
T-5236
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Apria Montessori; Pembimbing: R. Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih, Dewi Yusnitha
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan konsentrasi PM2,5 udara ambien terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada pedagang tetap di Terminal Kampung Rambutan Kota Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PM2,5 ambien mencapai 89 μg/m3. Didapatkan proporsi gangguan paru sebesar 79% (tipe retrikstif 73% dan campuran resktriktif dan obstruktif 6%) dari 68 responden. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada pedagang di Terminal Kampung Rambutan (p value= 0,215, CI: 0,555-13,700). Ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara status merokok (p=0,015) dan waktu kerja (p value = 0,047) dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Tidak terdapat satupun faktor lain seperti riwayat penyakit, durasi kerja, umur dengan kejadian gangguan fungsi paru pada pedagang di Terminal Kampung Rambutan. Selanjutnya diperlukan adanya perbaikan lingkungan terminal, perubahan perilaku merokok dan kerjasama multisektor terkait pencegahan penyakit.
Kata kunci: PM2,5 , pedagang, terminal kampung rambutan, status merokok, gangguan fungsi paru.
This study aims to determine the relationship between ambient air PM2.5 concentrations to impaired lung function among sellers at Kampung Rambutan Bus Station, Jakarta City. The results showed ambient PM2.5 reached 89 μg / m3. The proportion of impaired lung function was 79% of 68 respondents (restrictive type 73% and restrictive and obstructive mixture 6%). There was no significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and impaired lung function in Kampung Rambutan Bus Station seller (p value = 0.215, CI: 0.555-13,700). It was found there is significant relationship between smoking status (p = 0.015) and work time (p value = 0.047) with impaired lung function. There were no other factors such as disease history, duration of work, and age with the occurrence of impaired lung function among sellers at Kampung Rambutan Bus Station. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the terminal environment, change smoking behavior and multisector cooperation related to disease prevention.
Keyword: PM2,5, sellers, kampung rambutan bus station, smoking status, impaired lung function
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Kata kunci: PM2,5 , pedagang, terminal kampung rambutan, status merokok, gangguan fungsi paru.
This study aims to determine the relationship between ambient air PM2.5 concentrations to impaired lung function among sellers at Kampung Rambutan Bus Station, Jakarta City. The results showed ambient PM2.5 reached 89 μg / m3. The proportion of impaired lung function was 79% of 68 respondents (restrictive type 73% and restrictive and obstructive mixture 6%). There was no significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and impaired lung function in Kampung Rambutan Bus Station seller (p value = 0.215, CI: 0.555-13,700). It was found there is significant relationship between smoking status (p = 0.015) and work time (p value = 0.047) with impaired lung function. There were no other factors such as disease history, duration of work, and age with the occurrence of impaired lung function among sellers at Kampung Rambutan Bus Station. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the terminal environment, change smoking behavior and multisector cooperation related to disease prevention.
Keyword: PM2,5, sellers, kampung rambutan bus station, smoking status, impaired lung function
S-9918
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aliani Safitri; PembimbingL Budi Hartono; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Fajar Nugraha
Abstrak:
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Kampung Muka, terletak di Kelurahan Ancol, Jakarta Utara, menjadi lokasi penelitian karena adanya dugaan risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan PM2,5, seperti yang juga ditemukan di wilayah lain di DKI Jakarta. Studi sebelumnya di Kepulauan Seribu, Jalan Daan Mogot, dan Terminal Kampung Rambutan menunjukkan nilai RQ>1, menandakan potensi bahaya kesehatan akibat polusi udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi risiko kesehatan pada balita yang tinggal di Kampung Muka akibat pajanan PM2,5. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan pengukuran di empat titik sampling dan melibatkan 81 responden. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 di Kampung Muka, setelah dikonversi menjadi pajanan 24 jam dengan metode Canter, masih di bawah baku mutu yang merujuk pada PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 44,4 µg/m³. Karakterisasi risiko rata-rata realtime dan lifetime menunjukkan RQ1 pada penghitungan pajanan realtime individu, berkisar antara 1,010 hingga 2,257 di beberapa titik. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya potensi risiko kesehatan pada kelompok balita meskipun rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5masih memenuhi standar, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan lanjutan.
Kampung Muka, located in Ancol Sub-district, North Jakarta, was chosen as the study site due to suspected health risks from PM2.5 exposure, similar to findings in other areas of DKI Jakarta. Previous studies conducted in Kepulauan Seribu, Daan Mogot Road, and Kampung Rambutan Terminal reported RQ values greater than 1, indicating potential health hazards from air pollution. This study aimed to estimate health risks among toddlers living in Kampung Muka due to PM2.5 exposure. The research used an Environmental Health Risk Assessment design, with PM2.5 measurements taken at four sampling points and involving 81 respondents. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations in Kampung Muka, after conversion to 24-hour exposure using the Canter method, remained below the quality standard set by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), with the highest value recorded at 44.4 µg/m³. Risk characterization for average realtime and lifetime exposure indicated RQ values below 1. However, eight toddlers were found to have individual realtime RQ values greater than 1, ranging from 1.010 to 2.257 at various points. These findings suggest potential health risks among toddlers, even though the average PM2.5 concentration still meets regulatory standards, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.
Kampung Muka, located in Ancol Sub-district, North Jakarta, was chosen as the study site due to suspected health risks from PM2.5 exposure, similar to findings in other areas of DKI Jakarta. Previous studies conducted in Kepulauan Seribu, Daan Mogot Road, and Kampung Rambutan Terminal reported RQ values greater than 1, indicating potential health hazards from air pollution. This study aimed to estimate health risks among toddlers living in Kampung Muka due to PM2.5 exposure. The research used an Environmental Health Risk Assessment design, with PM2.5 measurements taken at four sampling points and involving 81 respondents. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations in Kampung Muka, after conversion to 24-hour exposure using the Canter method, remained below the quality standard set by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), with the highest value recorded at 44.4 µg/m³. Risk characterization for average realtime and lifetime exposure indicated RQ values below 1. However, eight toddlers were found to have individual realtime RQ values greater than 1, ranging from 1.010 to 2.257 at various points. These findings suggest potential health risks among toddlers, even though the average PM2.5 concentration still meets regulatory standards, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.
S-12018
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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