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This thesis discussed the potential and risks of fire on workers in the offshore platform oil and gas production caused by hydrocarbons hazard by identifying those hazard. Hazard calculation was conducted in order to find out the specific location which has potential risk, then calculated individual risk per annum (IRPA) surveillance followed by the final results of the Potential Loss of Live (PLL). These results compared to criteria or standards and determine the position of workers was in ALARP condition or not. This research was a quantitative risk assessment with descriptive design. The results of this study gave recommendation to company for maintain programs and activities that always prevent fires even though the CB platform is within the acceptable region. Alert to the hazard of hydrocarbons, increased awareness of workers at workplace, checking and monitor hazards, and always follow working procedure.
Introduction: Hydrocarbons are flammable materials can cause major accidents and explosions at offshore platform hydrocarbon processing. Fires and explosions on offshore platforms are relatively rare accidents but can have unforeseen consequences that can have a significant impact on fatality and loss of assets. Methods: Descriptive method with quantitative design from secondary data in 2020 (cross sectional) and literature study without intervention on the research object (non-experimental) using software (PHAST) to evaluate the consequences of fire and explosion models. Frequency analysis with fault tree and event tree analysis methods, to analyse the possibility of overpressure and major accidents events on offshore platforms hydrocarbon processing facilities which are Major Hazard Plants. Result: The highest risk level for the personnel fatality working on the offshore platform is in the ALARP Region level from the largest contributor to the flash fire scenario with the number of fatalities as many as 10 peoples and the frequency value of 3.26E-08/year means 1 out of 30,674,847 flash fire scenario opportunities in 1 year can occur to cause fatality of 10 people, while the risk to assets is in an acceptable risk level from the largest contributor to the jet fire scenario with loss of assets 40,590,800.00 and the highest frequency value is 6.31E-08/year) means that 1 in 15,847,861 opportunities of a jet fire scenario in 1 year can occur to cause asset loss of $ 40,590,800 from fires and explosions in overpressure scenarios that have the potential to occur on the new offshore platform taking into account some of the safety systems that have been defined in the design. Conclusion: There is no need for additional mitigation because the safety system that has been determined in the design is sufficient to prevent major accidents that can occur so that the new offshore platform is declared safe to operate.
Along with the development of the world's industry and since the beginning of theindustrial revolution, the world is never be separated from the use of chemicals. Oneof the chemicals used is hydrogen chloride/hydrochloric acid which is the rawmaterial of plastic PVC, furniture cleaning materials, to produce gelatin, foodaddictive substances, and the leather tanning process, so the risk of HCL is very large.There is no exception for the tank material as the place to store materials. Therefore,it is very necessary need the level risk assessment in design phase HCl 33% storagetank againts tank material and financial consequences aspects if there is a leak at thetank.In this study, the analysis of the risk assessment used the Quantitative Risk AnalysisMethode API-RBI 581:2008. This study shows that the value of Probability ofFailure (PoF) obtained is 3909,24 and is on category 5 (1000 < Df-total ≤10000), ifthere is a hole in the wall of the tank its cost of consequence is US$ 8.670.000, oncategory D and at the high level risk. While the cost of consequence if there is a holeat the plate of bottom tank is US$ 21.500.000.000 and is on category E and at thehigh risk level.Keywords : Storage tank, Ammonia, dispersion, BREEZE Incident analyst, FaultTree Analysis
Resiko bekerja di perusahaan migas PT X yang berlokasi di offshore Natuna adalah relatif tinggi. Sepanjang tahun 2018 – 2023 terjadi fluktuasi kecelakaan kerja di PT. X. Bahkan setelah dua tahun (tahun 2020 dan 2019) tidak terjadi kecelakaan kerja untuk kategori recordable injury (kasus di atas FAC), di tahun 2021 terjadi lagi 3 kasus (1 RWDC dan 2 MTC) dan di tahun 2022 terjadi 4 kasus (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, dan 2 MTC). Di tahun 2023 terjadi 1 kasus (1 RWDC). Korban kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2021 didominasi oleh pekerja kontrak dan pekerja tetap sedangkan kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2022 dan 2023 semuanya terjadi pada pekerja kontrak. Sebagian besar kecelakaan yang terjadi penyebab langsungnya adalah unsafe acts. Sampai saat ini belum ada analisis menyeluruh dari data investigasi kecelakaan-kecelakaan yang telah dilakukan PT X untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor penyebab dasar dari semua kecelakaan tersebut. Dengan demikian, penelitian perlu dilakukan, dan karena berhubungan dengan human factor, maka pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja tersebut dengan metode Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X antara tahun 2018 – 2023 dengan metode HFACS. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa rekaman kejadian kecelakaan dan laporan investigasi atas 41 kecelakaan di PT X. Data sekunder tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan empat (4) tahapan kegagalan di metode HFACS, yaitu unsafe acts, precondition of unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, dan organizational influence. Pengklasifikasian ini divalidasi oleh dua ahli keselamatan kerja, di mana hasil validasinya relatif tinggi (96%). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor-faktor HFACS yang mempengaruhi kecelakaan terbesar berturut-turut adalah adverse mental state (51,2%), skill-based error (39%), routine violations (34,1%), dan tools/technological dan resource management (masing-masing 31,7%). Kemudian disusul oleh decision error (29,3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problem dan organizational process masing-masing (17,1%), lalu supervisory violation dan organizational climate masing-masing (9,8%). Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor HFACS yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk perbaikan program K3 perusahaan guna menurunkan angka kecelakaan dengan memprioritaskannya pada faktor HFACS yang bersifat latent failure baru kemudian pada faktor active failure-nya, karena latent failure - jika diperbaiki- akan menjadi kunci untuk mencegah berulangnya kecelakaan.
The risks of working for the PT X , an oil and gas company located offshore Natuna are relatively high. Throughout 2018 – 2023 there were fluctuations in work accidents at PT. X. Even after two years (2020 and 2019) there was no work accident for the recordable injury category (cases above FAC), in 2021 there were 3 cases (1 RWDC and 2 MTC) and in 2022 there were 4 cases (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, and 2 MTC). In 2023 there was 1 case (1 RWDC). Work accident victims in 2021 are dominated by contract workers and permanent workers, while work accidents in 2022 and 2023 all occur in contract workers. Most of the accidents that occur are directly caused by unsafe acts. Until now there has been no comprehensive analysis of accident investigation data that has been carried out by PT X to obtain the basic causal factors of all these accidents. Thus, research needs to be carried out, and because it is related to human factors, this research will analyze the factors that cause work accidents using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. Objective: Analyzing the factors that influence work accidents at PT X between 2018 – 2023 using the HFACS method. Method: This research is descriptive analytical research with a qualitative approach. The secondary data used is in the form of recordings of accidents and investigation reports on 41 accidents at PT X . This classification was validated by two occupational safety experts, where the validation results were relatively high (96%). Results: The research results explain that the HFACS factors that influence the biggest accidents are adverse mental state (51.2%), skill-based errors (39%), routine violations (34.1%), and tools/technological and resources, respectively. management (31.7% each). Then followed by decision errors (29.3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problems and organizational processes respectively (17.1%), then supervisory violations and organizational climate respectively (9.8%). Conclusion: The HFACS factors that influence work accidents in PT X can be used as input for improving the company's H&S program to reduce the number of accidents by prioritizing the HFACS factors which are latent failures and then the active failure factors, because latent failures - if corrected - will become key to preventing recurrence of accidents.
