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Pneumonia is the leading killer of babies in the world, more than other diseases such as AIDS, malaria and measles. Household Health Survey (SKRT) 1992, 1995, 2001 showed that pneumonia is the biggest contributor to the death of infants and toddlers. Based Riskesdas 2007 report, citing the prevalence of pneumonia in the Municipality based on the diagnosis of health workers and complaints rtesponden 1.67%.
Measles is one of the leading causes of death among children although safe and cost-effective vaccines are available. By 2015, there are 134 200 deaths from global measles and about 367 deaths every day or 15 deaths every hour. Measles Vaccination resulted in a 79% reduction in measles deaths between 2000 and 2015 worldwide. Despite reaching the target of more than 90% coverage of measles immunization in Cigudeg and Ciampea villages, there is still an extraordinary incidence of measles in these two villages by 2016. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with measles incidence in the extraordinary incidence of measles in villages of Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016. The study design using case control study with a ratio of 1: 3 resulted in a sample consisting of 36 cases and 108 controls with a strength of 80% test having 95% confidence degree. The result of the analysis by using logistic regression was found that the risk factors associated with measles incidence in measles outbreaks in Villages Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016 were significantly immunized (OR = 3.44; 95% CI: 1.09 - P = 0,034), air ventilation area (OR = 4,7; 95% CI: 1.47 - 15.39: P value = 0.009) and contact history (OR = 28.6; 95% CI 9.06 - 90.42; P value = 0.000). Measles immunization coverage in villages Cigudeg and Ciampea has reached more than 90%, but not yet able to make the village has a group immunity against measles, so the need for further studies or research on it. Keywords: Measles, Outbreak, Immunization, Bogor District.
Penyakit campak adalah penyakit yang sangat poteusial untuk menimbulkan wabah. Masalah kematian campak di dunia yang dilaporkan oleh WI-IO pada tahun 2002 sebanyak 777.000 diantaranya berasal dari negara ASEAN, dan I5% dari kematian Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penolakan imunisasi campak pada Crash Program Campak di UPF Puskesmas Cimandala Kecamatan Sukaraia Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini memakai rancangan studi kasus kontrol tidak berpadanan, dengan menggunakan perbandingan kasus kontrol 1:1. Sampel penelitian adalah balita usia 12-59 bulan yang terdaftar dan mengikuti Crash Program campak dengan datang ke pos imunisasi. Jumlah sampel kasus dan kontrol sebanyak 400 orang yang terdiri dari 200 kasus dan 200 kontrol. Balita yang tidak diimunisasi dan orang tuanya tidak bersedia menandatangani infzrmed consent ditetapkan sebagai kasus, sedangkan kontrol adalah balita yang diimunisasi dan orang manya bersedia menandatangani irjormed consent dan berasal dari pos imunisasi yang sama dengan kasus. Komrol dipilih secara acak. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Berdasarkan llasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penolakan imunisasi campak adalah penilaian kondisi kesehatan anak OR 15,560 (OR CI 95% 8,84l-27,388), status imunisasi campak OR 3,732 (OR CI 95% 2,122-6,564) dan dukungan tokoh masyarakat OR 3,213 (OR CI 95% 1,763-5,853). Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut penulis menyarankan kepada UPF Puskesmas Cimandala Kecamatan Sukaraja Kabupaten Bogor untuk memberikan kesempatan imunisasi campak kepada balita yang belum diimunisasi campak pada Crash Program campak, memberikan penyuluhan kepada rnasyarakat mengenai imunisasi campak, vaksin campak yang aman, kondisi anak sakit yang boleh dan tidak boleh diberikan imunisasi campak efek samping imunisasi campak dan KIPI, prioritas penyuluhan kepada orang tue balita yang anyéznya belum diimunisasi campak, memberikan kesempatan imunisasi kepada balita yang yang belum diimunisasi campak, serta meningkatkan pendekatan sosial kepada tokoh masyarakat, kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bogor penulis menyarankan untuk merencanakan strategi baru agar Crash Program campak berikulnya dapat mencapai target lanpa melakukan sweeping dan melakukan advokasi kepada pengambil kebijakan. Campak tersebut berasal dari Indonesia. Dengan mempertimbangkan serokonversi rate 85% pada bayi umur 9 bulan, cakupan imunisasi campak sebesar 9l,8% pada tahun 2004 hanya dapat memberikan perlindungan sekitar 76,5% bayi, sisanya sebesar 23,5% masuk dalam kelompok rentan campak. Kelompok rentan campak ini akan terus terakumulasi biia tanpa adanya perbaikan cakupan imunisasi dan tanpa intervensi imunisasi tambahan campak. Berdasarkan kenyalaan tersebut di atas maka Indonesia memutuskan untuk melakukan Crash Program campak pada anak balita di daerah risiko tinggi. Adanya penolakan imunisasi campak merupakan salah satu peuyehab tidak tercapainya target cakupan imunisasi campak di Puskesmas Cimandala Kecamatan Sukaraja Kabupaien Bogor. Namun penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penolakan imunisasi campak belum pernah dilakukan Hal tersebut diatas menarik minat penulis untuk meneliti tentang faktor yang berhubungan dengan penolakan i munisasi campak pada Crash Program Campak tahun 2007.
Measles is known as a disease that potentially creating an outbreak. There are about 777,000 death reported by WHO in 2002, caused by measles, is occur in the ASEAN countries, and l5% of the deaths are from Indonesia. In considering with the sero- conversion rate 85% of 9 months old baby, the coverage of measles immunization at 9l.8% in 2004 is only give protection around 76.5% babies and the other of 23.5% babies are categorized as a group of vulnerable for measles. This group of baby can be continuously accumulated if there is no improvement on the coverage of measles immunization and without any intervention of addition on immunization of measles. Based on the situation, Indonesia is, therefore, established a Crash Program on measles immunization towards children under-five (CU5) at the high risk region. Unfortunately, there are some refusals of being immunized which make the target on mwsles immunization coverage at Puskesmas Cimandala is cannot be reached Therefore, factors related to reiiisal on measles immunization are interested to study, especially to those that occur during the crash program on measles in 2007. The aim of the study is to find out factors related to the retiisal on measles immunization on the measles? crash program at the UPF Puskesmas Cimandala of Sukaraja sub-district at the District of Bogor. The design of the study is an unpaired case-control study, with lrl comparable case-control. Sample is children under-tive (CU5) aged 13 to 59 mom's who registered for the crash program of measles immunization at the immunization post. The size of sample is 400 that comprises as 200 sample of case and 200 sample of control. The case is CU5 who are not immunized and the parent is refused to sign the informed consent, while the control is CU5 who have immunized and the parent is agree to sign the informed consent. Both case and control are taken from the same immunization post, and control is chosen randomly. Analysis is in the fomt of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Based on the result of the study, factors related to the refusal of measles immunization are: child health condition assessment (OR: l5.560, 95% CI: 8.841 - 27388); status of measles immunization (OR: 3.732, 95% CI: 2.122 - 6564), and support from community leader (OR: 3.2I3, 95% Cl: 1.763 - 5.853). The study suggested that puskesmas Cimandala should give another chance for measles immunization towards those CU5 who have not been immunized in the crash program, addressing IEC about measles immunization towards community, harmless measles? vaccine, the child condition for being able and unable to immunize, the side effect of measles immunization and KIPI (?), prioritized in giving IBC to those parent whose CU5 is have not immunized, provide another chance of measles immunization for those CU5 that have not been immunized, and increase the approaching towards local community leaders. Suggestion towards the District Health Authority of Bogor that there is a need for new strategy for the next measles Crash Program that in order to reach the target without doing the sweeping and do advocating to the policy's decision makers.
