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Endang Widuri Wulandari; Pembimbing: Sudarto Ronoatmodjo; Penguji: Helda, Ngabila Salama, Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow
Abstrak:
Pendahuluan: Komorbid Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kematian pada kasus konfirmasi Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan komorbid DM dengan kematian pada kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta, periode Maret-Agustus 2020 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel perancu. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif. Kriteria inklusi adalah kasus yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang dilaporkan kepada Dinas Kesehatan (Dinkes) provinsi DKI Jakarta, dengan variabel yang lengkap. Kriteria eksklusi adalah wanita hamil. Dari total 41.008 kasus dalam laporan COVID-19 dinkes provinsi DKI Jakarta, terdapat 30.641 kasus yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. 1.480 sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dari semua (740) kasus COVID-19 dengan komorbid DM dan 740 kasus COVID-19 tanpa komorbid DM yang diambil melalui simple random sampling dari 29.901 kasus COVID-19 tanpa komorbid DM. Data analisis menggunakan regresi cox proporsional hazard. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besar hubungan kasar komorbid DM dengan kejadian kematian pada kasus COVID-19 Crude Hazard Ratio (CHR) 7,4 (95% CI 4,5-12,3, nilai p < 0,001). Besar hubungan komorbid DM dengan kejadian kematian pada kasus COVID-19 setelah dikontrol oleh kovariat (komorbid hipertensi dan kelompok usia (> 50 tahun dan < 50 tahun) adalah Adjusted Hazard Rasio 3,9 (95% CI 2,2-6,8 nilai p <0,001), yang berarti kasus COVID-19 dengan komorbid DM berisiko 3,9 kali untuk mengalami kejadian kematian. Diskusi: Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian lainnya yang menunjukkan komorbid DM meningkatkan risiko kematian COVID-19. Untuk menurunkan kejadian kematian pada kasus COVID-19 dengan komorbid DM, diperlukan strategi pencegahan dan tatalaksana COVID-19 dengan triase dan perhatian khusus untuk tatalaksana cepat dan tepat serta monitoring untuk kasus COVID-19 dengan komorbid DM.
Introduction: Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) mortality. Aim of this study is to determine the association of comorbid diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases in DKI Jakarta for period March-August 2020, after being controlled with confounding variables. Methode: The study design is a retrospective cohort. The inclusion criteria are confirmed cases of COVID-19 with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) reported to the DKI Jakarta provincial health office, with complete variables. Exclusion criteria is pregnant women. Of the total 41,008 cases in the Jakarta provincial health office's COVID-19 report, there are 30,641 cases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 1,480 samples in this study are taken from all (740) COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM and 740 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM which are taken through simple random sampling of 29,901 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM. The data were analyzed using cox proportional hazard regression. The study result indicates that the crude association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases is Crude Hazard Ratio (CHR) 7,4 (95% CI 4,5-12,3, pValue < 0,001). While association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases after being controlled by covariates (hypertensive comorbidities and age groups (> 50 years and < 50 years) is 3.9 (95% CI 2.2- 6.8, p Value <0.001), which means that COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM have a 3.9 times risk of death. Discussion: The results of this study are in line with other studies that indicate DM co- morbidities increase the risk of death from COVID-19. To reduce the incidence of death in COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM, a strategy for preventing and treating COVID- 19 with triage and special attention is needed for rapid and prompt management and monitoring for COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM.
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Introduction: Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) mortality. Aim of this study is to determine the association of comorbid diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases in DKI Jakarta for period March-August 2020, after being controlled with confounding variables. Methode: The study design is a retrospective cohort. The inclusion criteria are confirmed cases of COVID-19 with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) reported to the DKI Jakarta provincial health office, with complete variables. Exclusion criteria is pregnant women. Of the total 41,008 cases in the Jakarta provincial health office's COVID-19 report, there are 30,641 cases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 1,480 samples in this study are taken from all (740) COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM and 740 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM which are taken through simple random sampling of 29,901 COVID-19 cases without comorbid DM. The data were analyzed using cox proportional hazard regression. The study result indicates that the crude association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases is Crude Hazard Ratio (CHR) 7,4 (95% CI 4,5-12,3, pValue < 0,001). While association between DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases after being controlled by covariates (hypertensive comorbidities and age groups (> 50 years and < 50 years) is 3.9 (95% CI 2.2- 6.8, p Value <0.001), which means that COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM have a 3.9 times risk of death. Discussion: The results of this study are in line with other studies that indicate DM co- morbidities increase the risk of death from COVID-19. To reduce the incidence of death in COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM, a strategy for preventing and treating COVID- 19 with triage and special attention is needed for rapid and prompt management and monitoring for COVID-19 cases with comorbid DM.
T-6249
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Adistikah Aqmarina; Pembimbing: Nurhayati Adnan; Penguji: Syahrizal, Chita Septiawati, Ridho Ichsan Syaini
Abstrak:
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit infeksi baru yang selama hampir tiga tahun (2020-2023) menjadi pandemi. Salah satu faktor risiko kematian COVID-19 adalah riwayat komorbid hipertensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan komorbid hipertensi dengan kematian kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 di Indonesia periode Januari-Juni 2022 dengan mengontrol variabel potensial confounder secara komprehensif, sumber data lebih lengkap dan jumlah sampel lebih besar. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah kasus kontrol. Data bersumber dari laporan Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit Online (SIRS Online) Kementerian Kesehatan periode Januari-Juni 2022. Kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 dengan komorbid hipertensi memiliki risiko kematian sebesar 1,57 kali lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan yang tidak memiliki komorbid hipertensi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia, status vaksinasi, varian virus, dan diabetes melitus (OR=1,57; 95%CI:1,20-2,05; p=0,001). Ada perbedaan risiko kematian pada kelompok infeksi bukan Omicron (OR=7,68; 95%CI:1,15-51,38; p=0,036) dan Omicron (OR=1,52; 95%CI:1,16-1,99; p=0,002) setelah dikontrol variabel usia, status vaksinasi, dan diabetes melitus. Ada perbedaan risiko kematian pada kelompok belum vaksin (OR=1,52; 95%CI:1,02-2,26; p=0,037), vaksin 1-dosis (OR=1,85; 95%CI:0,84-4,08; p=0,125), vaksin 2-dosis (OR=1,66; 95%CI:1,08-2,54; p=0,020) dan vaksin booster (OR=0,21; 95%CI:0,03-1,48; p=0,118) setelah dikontrol variabel usia, varian virus, dan diabetes melitus. Perlu upaya bersama dari pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian komorbid hipertensi untuk mencegah kematian COVID-19.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease which has been a pandemic for almost three years (2020-2023). One of the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality is a history of comorbid hypertension. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between comorbid hypertension and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases in Indonesia for the period January-June 2022 by comprehensively controlling potential confounder variables, more complete data sources and a larger sample size. The study design was a case control study. Data sourced from the Ministry of Health's Online Hospital Information System (SIRS Online) report for the period January-June 2022. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension have a significantly higher risk of death by 1,57 times compared to confirmed cases COVID-19 without comorbid hypertension after controlling for age, vaccination status, viral variants, and diabetes mellitus (OR=1,57; 95%CI:1,20-2,05; p=0,001). There was a difference risk of death in the non-Omicron infection group (OR=7,68; 95%CI:1,15-51,38; p=0,036) and Omicron group (OR=1,52; 95%CI:1,16-1,99; p=0,002) after controlling for age, vaccination status, and diabetes mellitus. There was a difference risk of death in the unvaccinated group (OR=1,52; 95%CI:1,02-2,26; p=0,037), 1-dose vaccine group (OR=1,85; 95%CI:0,84-4,08; p=0,125), 2-dose vaccine group (OR=1,66; 95%CI:1,08-2,54; p=0,020) and booster vaccine group (OR=0,21; 95%CI:0,03-1,48; p=0,118) after controlling for age, viral variants, and diabetes mellitus. Joint efforts from the government and community are needed in the prevention and control of comorbid hypertension to prevent mortality from COVID-19 infection.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease which has been a pandemic for almost three years (2020-2023). One of the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality is a history of comorbid hypertension. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between comorbid hypertension and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases in Indonesia for the period January-June 2022 by comprehensively controlling potential confounder variables, more complete data sources and a larger sample size. The study design was a case control study. Data sourced from the Ministry of Health's Online Hospital Information System (SIRS Online) report for the period January-June 2022. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension have a significantly higher risk of death by 1,57 times compared to confirmed cases COVID-19 without comorbid hypertension after controlling for age, vaccination status, viral variants, and diabetes mellitus (OR=1,57; 95%CI:1,20-2,05; p=0,001). There was a difference risk of death in the non-Omicron infection group (OR=7,68; 95%CI:1,15-51,38; p=0,036) and Omicron group (OR=1,52; 95%CI:1,16-1,99; p=0,002) after controlling for age, vaccination status, and diabetes mellitus. There was a difference risk of death in the unvaccinated group (OR=1,52; 95%CI:1,02-2,26; p=0,037), 1-dose vaccine group (OR=1,85; 95%CI:0,84-4,08; p=0,125), 2-dose vaccine group (OR=1,66; 95%CI:1,08-2,54; p=0,020) and booster vaccine group (OR=0,21; 95%CI:0,03-1,48; p=0,118) after controlling for age, viral variants, and diabetes mellitus. Joint efforts from the government and community are needed in the prevention and control of comorbid hypertension to prevent mortality from COVID-19 infection.
T-6595
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Verry Adrian; Pembimbing: Ratna Djuwita; Penguji: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Helda, Dwi Oktavia Tatri Lestari Handayani, Agus Fitri Atmoko
Abstrak:
Infeksi SARS CoV-2 sebagai penyebab terjadinya pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) kini menjadi perhatian kesehatan masyarakat. Pada kasus COVID-19 yang berat dapat menyebabkan pneumonia, sindrom pernapasan akut, gagal ginjal, dan bahkan kematian, sehingga tidak jarang membutuhkan perawatan intensif. Diduga komorbiditas akan memperberat kondisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak komorbiditas yakni hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan penyakit paru obstrktif kronis terhadap kejadian perawatan intensif pada pasien COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan data registri pasien COVID-19 milik Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada Maret-Juni 2020 yand diperoleh dari formulir pencatatan dan pelaporan COVID-19. Kriteria inklusi adalah usia lebih dari 18 tahun, terdiagnosis COVID-19 dari hasil pemeriksaan swab PCR positif, dan pasien dirawat di Rumah Sakit di DKI Jakarta. Kriteria eksklusi adalah memiliki kondisi imunodefisiensi (HIV, keganasan, sedang menjalani kemoterapi atau radiasi). Data dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik multipel dengan mempertimbangkan kovariat berupa usia, jenis kelamin, jenis pekerjaan, jumlah gejala dan durasi gejala yang dialami. Berdasarkan 12 699 pasien terkonfirmasi COVID19 pada periode penelitian, terdapat 6 359 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian ini. Diketahui 623 (9,8%) mengalami hipertensi, 421 (6,62%) mengalami diabetes melitus, dan 133 (2,09%) mengalami PPOK. Sebanyak 166 (2,61%) diantaranya mendapat perawatan di ICU. Setelah dikontrol kovariat, ketiga komorbiditas tersebut secara independen meningkatkan risiko kebutuhan perawatan di ICU, tertinggi pada penderita hipertensi tanpa diabetes yang memiliki lebih dari 2 gejala OR 23,98 (IK95% 12,8344,83) diikuti penderita hipertensi yang disertai diabetes dan lebih dari 2 gejala OR 16,53 (IK95% 8,76-31,17). Penderita PPOK memiliki risiko OR 1,80 (IK95% 0,95-3,40) untuk dirawat di ICU. Disimpulkan bahwa hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan PPOK meningkatkan risiko perawatan di ICU pada pasien COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta.
COVID-19 cases can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney failure, and death. The presence of comorbidities are tought to worsen that condition. This study aimed to investigate impact of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to admission to intensive care unit (ICU) among COVID-19 patients in DKI Jakarta. This cross sectional study utilize COVID-19 patients registry data owned by DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office from March to June 2020. Inclusion criteria are aged 18 years old or older, confirmed by positive PCR swab test result, and hospitalized in DKI Jakarta. Exclusion criteria are patients with immunodeficiency condition (HIV, malignancy, in chemotherapy or radiation therapy). Data were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression by considering covariates (age, sex, working status, number of symptoms, and duration of symptoms). Among 12 699 patients, 6 359 were included. Approximately 623 (9,8%) had hypetension, 421 (6,62%) had diabetes mellitus, and 133 (2,09%) had COPD. Among them, 166 (2,61%) were admitted to ICU. After controlling for covariates, those comorbidities are independently increase risk of ICU admission. The highest risk are found among hypertension patients without diabetes melitus and had more than two symptoms OR 23,98 (95%CI 12,83-44,83) followed by hypertension patients with diabetes melitus and had more than two symptoms OR 16,53 (95%CI 8,76-31,17). COPD patients had risk OR 1,80 (95%CI 0,95-3,40) for ICU admission. In conclusion, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and COPD increase risk of ICU admission among COVID-19 patients in DKI Jakarta.
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COVID-19 cases can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney failure, and death. The presence of comorbidities are tought to worsen that condition. This study aimed to investigate impact of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to admission to intensive care unit (ICU) among COVID-19 patients in DKI Jakarta. This cross sectional study utilize COVID-19 patients registry data owned by DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office from March to June 2020. Inclusion criteria are aged 18 years old or older, confirmed by positive PCR swab test result, and hospitalized in DKI Jakarta. Exclusion criteria are patients with immunodeficiency condition (HIV, malignancy, in chemotherapy or radiation therapy). Data were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression by considering covariates (age, sex, working status, number of symptoms, and duration of symptoms). Among 12 699 patients, 6 359 were included. Approximately 623 (9,8%) had hypetension, 421 (6,62%) had diabetes mellitus, and 133 (2,09%) had COPD. Among them, 166 (2,61%) were admitted to ICU. After controlling for covariates, those comorbidities are independently increase risk of ICU admission. The highest risk are found among hypertension patients without diabetes melitus and had more than two symptoms OR 23,98 (95%CI 12,83-44,83) followed by hypertension patients with diabetes melitus and had more than two symptoms OR 16,53 (95%CI 8,76-31,17). COPD patients had risk OR 1,80 (95%CI 0,95-3,40) for ICU admission. In conclusion, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and COPD increase risk of ICU admission among COVID-19 patients in DKI Jakarta.
T-6097
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Clement Drew; Pembimbing: Asri C. Adisasmita; Penguji: Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Evi Martha, Inggariwati, Ernawati
Abstrak:
Penyakit COVID-19, yang etiologinya adalah virus korona SARS-CoV2, telah menjadi pandemi dan masuk ke Indonesia sejak Maret 2020. Virus ini menyerang sistem pernapasan tubuh dan menyebabkan kematian melalui mekanisme gagal napas. Indonesia memasuki tahun 2021 di peringkat ke-20 sedunia dalam jumlah kasus konfirmasi positif terbanyak, yakni dengan jumlah sebesar 751,270 kasus dan 22,329 kematian. Pemerintah Indonesia merespon dengan mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan upaya preventif seperti pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB), 3M dan 3T. Namun angka kejadian dan kematian akibat COVID-19 masih terus meningkat. Penting untuk dapat ditelusuri faktor resiko yang dapat meningkatkan resiko kematian pasien positif COVID-19 dan bagaimanakah respon kepatuhan masyarakat akan implementasi upaya preventif yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini menelusuri efek dari usia lanjut (>=60 tahun), jenis kelamin, adanya gejala saluran pernapasan, gejala luar saluran pernapasan, riwayat komorbid seperti diabetes mellitus, hipertensi, gagal ginjal kronik, gangguan hati kronik, penyakit paru obstruktif kronik dan obesitas dengan analisis kohort retrospektif. Data analisis diperoleh dari penelusuran epidemiologis (PE) oleh Dinas Kesehatan (Dinkes) Provinsi DKI Jakarta di lima wilayah DKI Jakarta sejak bulan Maret - September 2020. Sedangkan untuk respon kepatuhan masyarakat akan dinilai dari sudut pandang petugas kesehatan, yakni dengan diskusi kelompok bersama petugas Sudinkes dan puskesmas lima wilayah DKI Jakarta. Dari 35,463 sampel data PE Dinkes, diketahui ada 1017 kematian (2.87%). Analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukan bila usia lanjut (>=60 tahun) meningkatkan RR kematian sebesar 6.736 (95% IK 5.538 - 8.193), jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 1.305 (95% IK 1.113 - 1.529), adanya gejala saluran pernapasan sebesar 2.563 (95% IK 2.034 - 3.229), adanya gejala luar saluran pernapasan sebesar 2.485 (95% IK 1.965 - 3.142), riwayat gagal ginjal kronik sebesar 3.227 (95% IK 2.154 - 4.834), adanya riwayat hipertensi sebesar 4.396 (95% IK 3.196 - 6.047) dan riwayat diabetes mellitus sebesar 4.415 (95% IK 2.846 - 6.849). Persepsi petugas kesehatan akan kepatuhan masyarakat adalah seragam di lima wilayah, yakni kepatuhan dinilai baik pada masa awal pandemi dan semakin melonggar seiring berjalannya waktu. Hambatan yang ditemui pada umumnya berakar dari kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan penyakit COVID-19 dan bagaimana untuk mencegahnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan bila usia lanjut, jenis kelamin, gejala saluran pernapasan, gejala luar saluran pernapasan, riwayat hipertensi, diabetes mellitus dan gagal ginjal kronik meningkatkan resiko mortalitas pasien positif COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta. Selain itu kepatuhan masyarakat dinilai petugas kesehatan semakin melonggar, sehingga upaya preventif primer yang dilakukan pemerintah perlu diperdalam dengan menjangkau dengan dialog kelompok-kelompok yang masih tidak patuh
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T-6101
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Asri Mutiara Putri; Pembimbing: Sudarto Ronoatmodjo; Penguji: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Rakhmad Hidayat, Ummyatul Hajrah
Abstrak:
Hipertensi merupakan penyakit penyerta dengan presentase tertinggi pada kasus terkonformasi COVID 19 yaitu sebesar 50,1% dan merupakan penyakit penyerta kedua tertinggi, setelah diabetes melitus, pada kematian COVID 19 yaitu sebesar 9,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel hipertensi dengan kematian pada kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 usia ≥ 55 tahun di Depok periode Agustus 2020 - Juni 2021, berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Depok. Desain pada penelitian adalah kasus kontrol, dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian, yaitu kasus konfirmasi COVID 19 dari hasil pemeriksaan PCR yang dilaporkan menggunakan laporan khusus COVID 19 kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok dengan data variabel yang lengkap pada pasien usia ≥ 55 tahun. Sedangkan kriteria eksklusi adalah wanita hamil. Didapatkan 425 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada kelompok kasus dan dilakukan simple random sampling pada kelompok kontrol untuk mendapatkan 425 sampel. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan hubungan antara hipertensi dengan kematian kasus konfirmasi COVID 19 memiliki nilai asosiasi OR crude yaitu 2,43 (95% CI = 1,67-3,54, P value = <0,0001) dan OR adjusted yaitu 2,08 (95% CI = 1,44-3,02, P value = <0,0001) setelah dikontrol variabel penyakit jantung. Hasil penelitian ini tidak terlepas dari keterbatasan penelitian dan bias. Penggunaan data pada penelitian ini terbatas pada data yang tersedia dalam laporan COVID 19 Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok. Data pada penelitian ini bersumber dari hasil penyelidikan epidemiologi (PE) Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok yang mana pengisian formulir PE berdasarkan hasil wawancara petugas kesehatan dengan pasien
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T-6183
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Kuuni Ulfah Naila El Muna; Pembimbing: Helda; Penguji: Krisnawati Bantas, Bai Kusnadi, Zakiah
Abstrak:
NewEmerging Disease COVID-19 di akhir tahun 2019 menyebabkan KLB hingga pandemi di seluruh belahan dunia secara cepat.Secara global berdasarkan data 8 April 2020, total sebanyak 22.073 petugas kesehatanterinfeksi COVID-19 di 52 Negara. Kota Depok merupakan Kota pelapor kasus COVID-19 pertama di Indonesia pada 2 Maret 2020. Masih terbatasnya publikasi terkait petugas kesehatan berisiko terkena COVID-19 dan hanya meneliti pada kelompok nakes saja menjadi dasar peneliti untuk mengetahui hubungan status sebagai petugas kesehatan terhadap kejadian kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 di Kota Depok. Studi crossectional dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder hasil wawancara Form Penyelidikan Epidemiologi berdasarkan Pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Studi ini menggunakan data Maret- Juni 2020, yang melibatkan 925 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status sebagai petugas kesehatan tidak bisa berdiri sendiri dalam hubungannya dengan kejadian kasus konfirmasi COVID-19. Diketahui bahwa kombinasi antara riwayat kontak suspek COVID-19 dan mengunjungi fasilitas kesehatan diantara responden yang berstatus petugas kesehatan, meningkatkan risiko sebesar 2,13 kali (95% CI 1,33-3,41) untuk menjadi kasus konfirmasi COVID-19. Selain itu juga secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 di Kota Depok (p=0,002)
In the last 2019, COVID-19 as New Emerging Disease causing a pandemic rapidly.The numbers of health care workers infected COVID-19 worldwide until 8 th April 2020 in 52 countries were 22.073. 2 nd March 2020, Depok city report the first case confirmed COVID-19 also the first case in Indonesia. Limited research about risk of healthcare worker infected COVID-19 and some of the research only examine in healthcare worker group became this research base to assess the association of healthcare worker and confirmed case in Depok City. A crossectional study has been done using secondary data obtained from Epidemiological Investigation Form from MOH Guidelines in Health District Office in Depok. This study using data obtained inMarch- June 2020 involving 925 respondents.The results show that status of healthcare worker cannot stand alone in the association with confirmed case COVID-19. Noted combinationbetween history of contact with suspect COVID-19 and visiting health care facility among respondentas health care worker elevated risk 2,13 times become confirmation cases of COVID-19 (95% CI 1,33-3,41) also significantly related to confirmation case of COVID-19 in Depok City (p= 0,002)
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In the last 2019, COVID-19 as New Emerging Disease causing a pandemic rapidly.The numbers of health care workers infected COVID-19 worldwide until 8 th April 2020 in 52 countries were 22.073. 2 nd March 2020, Depok city report the first case confirmed COVID-19 also the first case in Indonesia. Limited research about risk of healthcare worker infected COVID-19 and some of the research only examine in healthcare worker group became this research base to assess the association of healthcare worker and confirmed case in Depok City. A crossectional study has been done using secondary data obtained from Epidemiological Investigation Form from MOH Guidelines in Health District Office in Depok. This study using data obtained inMarch- June 2020 involving 925 respondents.The results show that status of healthcare worker cannot stand alone in the association with confirmed case COVID-19. Noted combinationbetween history of contact with suspect COVID-19 and visiting health care facility among respondentas health care worker elevated risk 2,13 times become confirmation cases of COVID-19 (95% CI 1,33-3,41) also significantly related to confirmation case of COVID-19 in Depok City (p= 0,002)
T-6118
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Oka Septriani; Pembimbing: Modastri Korib Sudaryo; Penguji: Syahrizal Syarif, Renti Mahkota, Citra, Agus Salim
Abstrak:
Latar Belakang. Tingginya prevalensi diabetes di populasi menyebabkan diabetes menjadi salah satu penyakit penyerta yang banyak diderita oleh pasien COVID-19. Orang dengan diabetes menghadapi kemungkinan lebih tinggi untuk mengalami komplikasi serius dari COVID-19 hingga kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan mengetahui hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 di RSUD Al Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUD Al Ihsan pada periode Maret 2020 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2021 dengan kriteria inklusi merupakan pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 melalui pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) berusia lebih dari sama dengan 18 tahun. Perbedaan probabilitas kesintasan didapatkan dari analisis kesintasan dengan kaplan meier. Analisis Cox Proporsional Hazard digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19.
Hasil. Sebanyak 308 pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Selama 21 hari pengamatan, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 (71,24% vs 84,13%). Sampai akhir pengamatan selama 49 hari, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 menurun dan berbeda dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mana probabilitas kesintasannya 48,98% vs 84,13% dengan nilai p 0,0056. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel confounder yaitu umur, gejala batuk, ARDS, vaksinasi, gagal ginjal kronis, penggunaan ventilator, terapi antivirus dan persentase BOR Isolasi COVID-19 saat admisi. Hazard ratio adjusted hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 pada model akhir analisis multivariat sebesar 2,676 (95% IK 1,24-5,73).
Kesimpulan. Probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 meningkatkan resiko kematian pada pasien COVID-19.
Introduction. The high prevalence of diabetes in the population causes diabetes to become one of the comorbidities that many COVID-19 patients suffer from. Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19 and even death. This study aims to determine the difference in survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality at Al Ihsan Hospital, West Java Province.
Methods. This study used a retrospective cohort study design. The population of study were COVID-19 patients who were treated at Al Ihsan Hospital in the period March 2020 to December 31, 2021 with inclusion criteria being confirmed as COVID-19 patients through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) examination and aged ≥ 18 years. Differences in survival probability were obtained from survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier. Cox Proportional Hazard analysis was used to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality.
Results. Results indicated that a total of 308 confirmed positive COVID-19 patients were involved in this study. During the 21 days of observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus (71.24% vs. 84.13%). Until the end of the 49-day observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus decreased and differed from that of COVID-19 patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus which the survival probability was 48.98% vs. 84.13% (p = 0.0056). There was a statistically significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality after controlling for confounder variables, age, cough symptoms, ARDS, vaccination, chronic kidney disease, ventilator use, antiviral therapy and the percentage of Bed Occupation Rate COVID-19 isolation at admission. The hazard ratio adjusted relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality in the final model of multivariate analysis was 2,676 (95% CI 1,24-5,73).
Conclusion. It appears that survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of death in COVID-19 patients.
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Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUD Al Ihsan pada periode Maret 2020 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2021 dengan kriteria inklusi merupakan pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 melalui pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) berusia lebih dari sama dengan 18 tahun. Perbedaan probabilitas kesintasan didapatkan dari analisis kesintasan dengan kaplan meier. Analisis Cox Proporsional Hazard digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19.
Hasil. Sebanyak 308 pasien konfirmasi COVID-19 terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Selama 21 hari pengamatan, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 (71,24% vs 84,13%). Sampai akhir pengamatan selama 49 hari, probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 menurun dan berbeda dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mana probabilitas kesintasannya 48,98% vs 84,13% dengan nilai p 0,0056. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel confounder yaitu umur, gejala batuk, ARDS, vaksinasi, gagal ginjal kronis, penggunaan ventilator, terapi antivirus dan persentase BOR Isolasi COVID-19 saat admisi. Hazard ratio adjusted hubungan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan kematian COVID-19 pada model akhir analisis multivariat sebesar 2,676 (95% IK 1,24-5,73).
Kesimpulan. Probabilitas kesintasan pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pasien COVID-19 tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 meningkatkan resiko kematian pada pasien COVID-19.
Introduction. The high prevalence of diabetes in the population causes diabetes to become one of the comorbidities that many COVID-19 patients suffer from. Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19 and even death. This study aims to determine the difference in survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality at Al Ihsan Hospital, West Java Province.
Methods. This study used a retrospective cohort study design. The population of study were COVID-19 patients who were treated at Al Ihsan Hospital in the period March 2020 to December 31, 2021 with inclusion criteria being confirmed as COVID-19 patients through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) examination and aged ≥ 18 years. Differences in survival probability were obtained from survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier. Cox Proportional Hazard analysis was used to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality.
Results. Results indicated that a total of 308 confirmed positive COVID-19 patients were involved in this study. During the 21 days of observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus (71.24% vs. 84.13%). Until the end of the 49-day observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus decreased and differed from that of COVID-19 patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus which the survival probability was 48.98% vs. 84.13% (p = 0.0056). There was a statistically significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality after controlling for confounder variables, age, cough symptoms, ARDS, vaccination, chronic kidney disease, ventilator use, antiviral therapy and the percentage of Bed Occupation Rate COVID-19 isolation at admission. The hazard ratio adjusted relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 mortality in the final model of multivariate analysis was 2,676 (95% CI 1,24-5,73).
Conclusion. It appears that survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is lower than those without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of death in COVID-19 patients.
T-6461
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Zhara Juliane; Pembimbing: Asri C. Penguji: Syahrizal; Dony Yugo Hermanto, Sukwan Handali
Abstrak:
As of January 30 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) deemed Covid-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) due to a significant increase of cases and confirmed cases in several countries (World Health Organization, 2020a). In April 2021, the mortality rate of COVID-19 in Indonesia reached 4.68%, which is higher than the global average mortality rate of 3.79%. Previous studies have shown that there is a relationship between hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the survival of Covid-19 patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the survival of Covid-19 patients at RSJPD Harapan Kita Jakarta March 2020 - April 2021. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using cox regression analysis to determine survival. This study uses secondary data provided by the infection prevention and control division of Harapan Kita and medical record tracing. The study involved a total of 433 confirmed Covid-19 patients who were selected using random sampling technique. The results of the analysis show that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly related to the incidence of death in Covid-19 patients at RSJPD Harapan Kita March 2020 - April 2021 after being controlled for confounding factor namely chronic lung disease with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.727 (95% CI: 1.012 – 2.499), p-value 0.045. Proper triage of patients is needed, as well as rigorous monitoring and adequate treatment for Covid-19 patients who suffer from hypertension and diabetes mellitus to prevent further mortality and morbidity.
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Terhitung sejak 30 Januari 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) telah resmi menetapkan Covid-19 sebagai Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat yang Meresahkan Dunia (KKMMD)/ Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) karena adanya peningkatan kasus yang signifikan dan kasus konfirmasi di beberapa negara lain (World Health Organization, 2020a). Pada April 2021, angka kematian Covid-19 di Indonesia telah menyentuh 4,68% dimana angka tersebut lebih tinggi dari angka kematian rata-rata global yaitu 3,79%. Studi-studi yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya menunjukan adanya hubungan hipertensi dan diabetes melitus terhadap kesintasan pasien Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hipertensi dan diabetes melitus terhadap kesintasan pasien Covid-19 di RSJPD Harapan Kita Jakarta Maret 2020 - April 2021. Penelitian kohort retrospektif ini menggunakan analisis survival cox regression untuk mengetahui kesintasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder dari Divisi PPI dan penelusuran rekam medik. Penelitian ini melibatkan jumlah sampel sebesar 433 pasien konfirmasi Covid-19 yang diambil menggunakan teknik random sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukan hipertensi dan diabetes melitus berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian kematian pada pasien Covid-19 di RSJPD Harapan Kita Maret 2020 - April 2021 setelah dikontrol oleh faktor perancu penyakit paru kronik dengan adjusted hazard ratio sebesar 1,727 (95% CI: 1,012 – 2,949) p-value 0,045. Perlu adanya triase pasien yang tepat dan pemantauan khusus serta penanganan yang adekuat untuk pasien Covid-19 yang memiliki faktor risiko hipertensi dan diabetes melitus untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian.
As of January 30 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) deemed Covid-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) due to a significant increase of cases and confirmed cases in several countries (World Health Organization, 2020a). In April 2021, the mortality rate of COVID-19 in Indonesia reached 4.68%, which is higher than the global average mortality rate of 3.79%. Previous studies have shown that there is a relationship between hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the survival of Covid-19 patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the survival of Covid-19 patients at RSJPD Harapan Kita Jakarta March 2020 - April 2021. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using cox regression analysis to determine survival. This study uses secondary data provided by the infection prevention and control division of Harapan Kita and medical record tracing. The study involved a total of 433 confirmed Covid-19 patients who were selected using random sampling technique. The results of the analysis show that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly related to the incidence of death in Covid-19 patients at RSJPD Harapan Kita March 2020 - April 2021 after being controlled for confounding factor namely chronic lung disease with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.727 (95% CI: 1.012 – 2.499), p-value 0.045. Proper triage of patients is needed, as well as rigorous monitoring and adequate treatment for Covid-19 patients who suffer from hypertension and diabetes mellitus to prevent further mortality and morbidity.
T-6561
Depok : FKM UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Fazria Ayuandina Arianingrum; Pembimbing: Yosyah; Penguji: Syahrizal, Fristika Mildya
Abstrak:
Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor sosiodemografi dan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian DM tipe 2 di DKI Jakarta tahun 2020 berdasarkan data SIPTM Kemenkes RI. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Variabel independen terdiri dari faktor sosiodemografi (usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, status perkawinan) dan faktor risiko PTM (riwayat DM keluarga, hipertensi, perilaku merokok, aktivitas fisik, obesitas sentral, konsumsi sayur dan buah, dan obesitas berdasarkan IMT) sedangkan diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan variabel dependen.
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S-10654
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rani Iftika Ningrum; Pembimbing: Syahrizal Syarif; Penguji: Renti Mahkota, Hario Baskoro
Abstrak:
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World Health Organization (WHO) mendeklarasikan corona virus disease 19 (COVID19) sebagai pandemic. Bukti yang terakumulasi dari waktu ke waktu menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun infeksi SARS-CoV 2 menyebabkan penyakit pernapasan dengan manifestasi klinis yang sangat bervariasi, organ lain juga dapat rusak oleh virus tersebut, ginjal menjadi salah satu tempat utama komplikasi. Penyakit Ginjal kronis (PGK) muncul sebagai faktor risiko paling umum COVID-19 dengan manifestasi klinis yang parah dan mengkhawatirkan. Penyakit Ginjal kronis (PGK) dikaitkan dengan peningkatan tingkat rawat inap pasien dengan COVID-19, dan tingkat kematian tampaknya 14 - 16 kali lebih tinggi daripada populasi umum. RS UI merupakan rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19 di Kota Depok. Studi kasus kontrol dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan data rekam medis pasien COVID-19 terkonfirmasi yang dirawat inap di RS UI periode September 2020 ? Agustus 2022 dengan jumlah sampel pada kelompok kasus 121 responden dan kelompok kontrol 242 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan dan bermakna secara statistik antara Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dengan kematian pasien COVID-19 (OR 6,67; 95% CI 3,48?12,77; pvalue <0,001). Demikian, secara statistik hubungan antara Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dengan kematian pasien COVID-19 setelah dikontrol variabel kovariat yaitu : hipertensi, ARDS, ruang perawatan, obesitas dan umur. Jadi, pasien COVID-19 dengan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis memiliki resiko 3,65 kali lebih besar secara bermakna untuk meninggal dibanding pasien COVID-19 tanpa Penyakit Ginjal kronis
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the corona virus disease 19 (COVID19) a pandemic. Evidence has accumulated over time indicating that, although SARSCoV 2 infection causes respiratory disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations, other organs can be damaged by the virus, with the kidney being one of the main sites of complications. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is emerging as the most common risk factor for COVID-19 with severe clinical manifestations and deficiencies. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with increased hospitalization rates of patients with COVID-19, and death rates are roughly 14 ? 16 times higher than the general population. UI Hospital is a COVID-19 referral hospital in Depok City. A case-control study was carried out by utilizing the medical record data of confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized at UI Hospital for the period September 2020 ? August 2022 with a sample size of 121 respondents in the case group and 242 respondents in the control group. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between Chronic Kidney Disease and the death of COVID-19 patients (OR 6.67; 95% CI 3.48?12.77; pvalue <0.001). Thus, statistically the relationship between Chronic Kidney Disease and the death of COVID-19 patients after controlling for covariate variables, namely: hypertension, ARDS, treatment room, obesity and age. So, COVID-19 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease have a significantly greater risk of dying 3.65 times than COVID-19 patients without Chronic Kidney Disease.
T-6514
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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