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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria can attack the body's organs, but TB bacteria often attack the human lungs. Depok City is one of the cities in West Java Province which has experienced an increase in the number of TB cases in the last four years. The highest number of reported cases of pulmonary TB came from the Pancoran Mas Health Center. This study is a qualitative study that aims to dig deeper information about drug-taking behavior in pulmonary TB patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Informants in this study were TB patients, the family of TB patients, TB cadres, the COVID-19 task force, and the person in charge of the TB program. The selection of research informants purposively according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors played a role in drug-taking behavior in TB patients. On predisposing factors, there is low knowledge and positive attitude. While the enabling factors, side effects of taking medication do not make changes in drug taking behavior, access to services needs to be considered. Then on the driving factors, family support and the role of health workers become reinforcements in drug-taking behavior. Therefore, it is recommended to the Pancoran Mas Health Center to provide counseling about TB to the entire community and optimize the role of cadres during the TB treatment period.
ABSTRAK Nama : F. Detiniaty Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Perilaku Ibu dalam Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak Stunting Usia 0-23 Bulan (Studi Kualitatif di Kecamatan Lape, Kabupaten Sumbawa Tahun 2017) Perilaku ibu dalam Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) pada periode kritis (usia 0-23 bulan) sangat penting untuk mencegah kondisi stunting pada bayi/anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perilaku ibu dalam pemberian makan bayi dan anak stunting usia 0-23 bulan di Kecamatan Lape, Kabupaten Sumbawa, tahun 2017. Pendekatan Kualitatif menggunakan desain Rapid Assessment Procedure dengan metode pengumpulan data diskusi kelompok terarah, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi terhadap informan ibu yang sudah dan belum mendapatkan konseling/penyuluhan PMBA. Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu yang positif terhadap informasi terkait PMBA yang diperoleh dari konseling/penyuluhan tidak menjamin terlaksananya perilaku pemberian makan bayi dan anak dengan benar. Adanya faktor dukungan keluarga, tradisi yang tidak mendukung, akses dan pemanfaatan pangan serta praktik pemberian informasi melalui penyuluhan menjadi salah satu yang menghambat kegiatan PMBA. Perilaku ibu dalam pemberian makan bayi dan anak stunting usia 0-23 bulan di Kecamatan Lape belum optimal. Perlu adanya evaluasi pelaksanaan kegiatan konseling PMBA di lapangan. Kata kunci : stunting, perilaku ibu, pemberian makan bayi dan anak (PMBA)
ABSTRACT Name : F. Detiniaty Study Program : Public Health Science Title : Mother's Behavior in Infants and Young Child Feeding Stunting Age 0-23 Months (Qualitative Study in Lape Sub-district, Sumbawa Regency in 2017) Mother’s behavior in Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in critical periods (ages 0-23 months) is very important to prevent stunting conditions in infants/children. This study aims to determine the behavior of mothers in feeding infant and stunting children aged 0-23 months in Lape Sub-district, Sumbawa Regency in 2017. Qualitative approach using Rapid Assessment Procedure design with data collection methods of focus group discussion, indepth interviews, and observation of mother’s informants who had had and have not received IYCF counseling/education. Knowledge and a positive attitude towards mother IYCF related information obtained from counseling/education does not guarantee the implementation of feeding infants and children properly. The existence of family support factors, unsupported tradition, access and utilization of foods and the practice of providing information through counseling to be one that inhibits IYCF activities. Mother’s behavior in feeding infant and stunting children 0-23 months in Lape Sub-District is not optimal. It is necessary to evaluate the implementation of IYCF counseling activities in the field. Keywords: stunting, maternal behavior, infant and young child feeding (IYCF)
Diare pada anak di bawah lima tahun (balita) hingga saat ini masih menjadi masalah di negara-negara berkembang, demikian pula di Indonesia. Diare masih mempakan penyakit endemis yang terjadi secara tems-menenis di semua daerah, baik di perkotaan maupun di pedesaan. Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2002 - 2003 prevalensi diare mencapai 11%. Propinsi yang menduduki prevalensi tertinggi diare pada anak balita adaiah Sulawesi Sclatan (16%) dan Jawa Barat (15%), Meskipun intervensi perubahan pengetahuan pada ibu balira cukup berhasil namun diare pada balita tctap menjadi salah satu dan tiga penyebab mama kemalian bayi. Peningkalan pengetahuan akan oralit dan penggunaannya sebcsar 92%, namun hanya 36% yang konsisten dengan pcngetahuan ilu dalam pengobatan diare (SDKI 2002 - 2003). Rendahnya persepsi akan keseriusan penyakit diare merupakan kendala dalam menckan angka kesakitan diare. Adanya toleransi yang tinggi terhadap diare disebabkan rcndahnya pcrsepsi kescriusan ibu akan diare balita_ Oleh sebab itu upaya pcrubahan persepsi ibu balita dalam meiihat penyakit diare pada anak balitanya merupakan salah satu kunci untuk mempcrbaiki intewensi. Perrnasalahannya adalah belum tereksplorasi socara intensif falctor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya persepsi ibu balita tentang kcscriusan penyakit diare pada balita tcrsebut. Dengan desain cross sectional, penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara faktor, pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan tentang diare pada balita dcngan persepsi ibu balita tentang keseriusan diare. Dengan desain cross sectional, penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara faktor, pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan tentang diare pada balita dcngan persepsi ibu balita tentang keseriusan diare. Populasi penclitian adalah ibu-ibu balita di Kecamatan Bekasi Utara dan diambil sampel secara random sebanyak 175 orang yang tersebar di 6 kelurahan. Penclitian berhasil membuktikan bahwa faktor pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan berhubungan secara bermakna dengan persepsi kcseriusan akan penyakit diare pada balita. Dalam analisis multivariat (logistik ganda model faktor risiko) diketahui hubungan variabel pengetahuan dan kepercayaan dengan persepsi keseriusan tidak berinteraksi dengan variabel lain. Sedangkan pengalaman kontak berimeraksi dengan variabel pendidikan. Besaran hubungan variabel independen dengan dependen setelah dilakukan analisis regresi logistik model faktor risiko diperoleh hasil signifikan. Ibu balita berpengetahuan rendah memiliki peluang 2,5 kali untuk berpersepéi diare sebagai penyakit biasa dibandingkan ibu berpengetahuan tinggi (OR: 2,535; 95%CI: 1,321 - 4.866) setelah variabel pendidikan dikendalikan. Ibu balita. yang tidak pernah mcmiliki pengalaman kontak memiliki peluang hampir S kali untuk berpersepsi diare sebagai penyakit biasa dibandingkan ibu balita yang pernah kontak (OR: 4,76l; 95%CI: l,853 - l2,235). Ibu balita dengan kepercayaan rcndah memiiiki peluang hampir 0,5 kali umuk mempersepsikan diare sebagai pcnyakit biasa dibandingkan dengan ibu dengan kepercayaan tinggi setelah variabel jumlah balita dikendalikan (OR: 0392; 95%C1: 0,195 - O,76S). Upaya memperbaiki persepsi ibu balita tentang penyakit diare dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan program promosi kesehatan baik melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, menciptakan pengalaman dengan model simulasi, serta merasionalkan kepercayaan-kepercayaan tentang diare pada balita di masyarakat.
Diarrhea on toddlers under 5 years old currently is still a major problem in developing countries such as Indonesia. Diarrhea is still endemic in all areas, including both municipal and rural regions. Indonesian Health Demographic Survey at 2002-2003 showed that prevalence of diarrhea reached up to 11%. Provinces with the highest prevalence were South Sulawesi (I 6%) and West Java (15%). Although intervention to improve the awareness of mothers with toddler under 5 years old was quite successful, diarrhea was still one of the three major causes of infant death. Even though the improvement ofthe awareness of oralit and its usage was 92%, only 36% was consistent with that knowledge in diarrhea recovery (SDK1 2002-2003). The low perception to the seriousness of diarrhea, which leads to high tolerance of mothers towards diarrhea, is one ofthe obstacles in decreasing the diarrhea frequency. Hence, the effort to change the perception of mothers with toddlers under S years old towards diarrhea is one of the key to improve the intervention. However, factors that influence the perception of mothers towards the seriousness of diarrhea have never been exploited intensively. Using cross sectional design, this research aims to ind the relation between knowledge, contact experience, and belief about diarrhea on toddler under 5 years old with the perception of mothers towards the seriousness of diarrhea. The research population is mothers with toddlers under 5 years old in the district of Bekasi Utara, and |75 subjects are selected randomly across 6 regions (kelurahan). The research population is mothers with toddlers under 5 years old in the district of Bekasi Utara, and 175 subjects are selected randomly across 6 regions (kelurahan). This research showed that knowledge, contact experience and belief have signiticant relation with the perception towards the seriousness of diarrhea on toddler under 5 years old. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression multivariate with risk factor model) showed that relation between knowledge and belief variables to the perception do not interact with other variables, while contact experience interacts with education variable. After conducted risk factor model logistic regression analysis, the relation between independent variable and dependent variable showed significant result. Mothers with toddler under 5 years old who had limited knowledge had chance 2,5 times to percept that diarrhea was not serious more than mothers who had wide knowledge (OR: 2,535; 95%CI: 1,32I) after education variable was controlled. Mothers with toddler under 5 years old who had experience with diarrhea had chance almost 5 times to percept that diarrhea was not serious more than mothers who had experience (OR: 4_76l; 95%CI: 1.853 - l2.235)- Mothers with toddler under 5 years old who had low belief had chance 0.5 times to percept that diarrhea was not serious more than mothers who had high belief (OR: 0392; 95%Cl: 0.195 - 0_765) after the number of toddler under 5 years old was controlled. The effort to improve the perception of mothers with toddlers under 5 years old towards diarrhea can be conducted by improving the program to promote the health, such as enhancing the knowledge/awareness, creating contact experience by simulation model, and by rationalize belief about diarrhea within the people.
Background: Based on data as of September 20, 2021 in 46,500 schools, there were 2.8 percent or 1,296 schools that reported COVID-19 clusters. Most of the COVID-19 clusters occurred in SD/MI, namely 2.78 percent. As of March 18, 2021, the death rate in Lampung Province reached 5.32 percent or was above the national average, which was 2.71 percent. Based on the SE Head of the Education and Culture Office of Bandar Lampung Number: 420/1254/IV.40/2022 regarding face-to-face learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held on Monday, March 14, 2022. MIN 8 Bandar Lampung is a pilot MIN located very close to with densely populated settlements, the school building area is not too large and has the largest number of students and has very active interactions with the outside community. Based on the preliminary study that has been carried out by the researchers, it turns out that the 3M students of MIN 8 Bandar Lampung still lack discipline. Objective: To determine the factors related to the application of 3M behavior as a prevention of COVID-19 in students of MIN 8 Bandar Lampung in 2022. Methods: using a cross sectional study design where in this study the subject was only measured and observed once. Result: 5th grade students of MIN 8 Bandar Lampung in 2022 (62.9%) apply 3M behavior. Variables of knowledge (56.7%), attitudes (62.9%), parenting (58.8%), teacher support (70.1%), peer support (62.9%) school regulations (50.5%) and infrastructure (56.7). The most dominant variable related to the application of 3M behavior is the habituation of parents with OR 3,095 (95% CI: 1.315-7,284). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parental habits and school rules with 3M behavior. The most dominant variables related to 3M behavior are parental habits after controlling for peer support, and school rules.
Kata kunci: Kunjungan ibu balita ke Posyandu, niat, sikap, norma subjektif, persepsi kontrol diri
Tenjo Village is a region with toddler coverage which is weighed at 71.2% of the target amount of 87%. The visit of every toddler's mother to a Posyandu (Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu or Maternal and Child Health Services) is based on the intention of the mother who only wants to come only if there is any immunization and if there is Vitamin A given to her child. The purpose of this study is to see an overview of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and visit of a toddler mother to Posyandu. This research method is quantitative descriptive with a cross sectional design. Data collection techniques used in structured interviews using a questionnaire with a total sample of 90 mothers of children under five. The results of the study showed that mothers' visits reached 71.1% of mothers of toddler, 60% of mothers of toddler had a positive attitude towards Posyandu, 58.9% of mothers of toddler still had weak encouragement from the closest people to come to Posyandu, 76.7% mothers of children under five still have a low perceived behavioral control about Posyandu and 96.7% of mothers of children under five have the intention to use Posyandu services. It is necessary to educate toddlers and families about Posyandu services and their benefits and human resources training on Posyandu, and also providing complete Posyandu services.
Keywords: Mother's visit to Posyandu, intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control
Dewasa ini di Indonesia ada sekitar 19 % bayi lahir dengan berat lahir rendah kurang dari 2500 gram. BBLR merupakan salah satu faktor penting kematian neonatal dan juga sebagai determinan yang cukup bermakna bagi kematian bayi dan balita. Penyumbang kematian BBLR adalah prematuxitas, infeksi, asfiksia lahir, hipotermia dan pemberian ASI yang kurang adekuat.BBLR di Kabupaten Bogor memberi sumbangan atas kejadian kematian bayi sementara informasi secara mendalam mengenai perilalcu ibu-ibu dalam merawat BBLR belum diperoleh. Karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalan ingin memperoleh informasi secara rnendalam perilaku ibu-ibu dalam merawat BBLR di Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2002. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan alat pengumpul data berupa pedoman wawancara mendalam dan fokus group diskusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap 15 informan kunci dan 43 ibu BBLR Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis isi (content analysis).Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik sosio demografi informan bervariasi dalam hal umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan jumlah anak. Pengetahuan ibu BBLR tentang perawatan BBLR rendah, hampir seluruh ibu BBLR setuju terhadap bayi yang dihangatkan dengan botol berisi air panas. Sebagian besar tidak setuju terhadap bayi yang didekapkan ke dada ibunya (Metode Kanguru) dan tidak setuju terhadap bayi yang diberikan makanan (pisang) terlalu dini. Hampir seluruh ibu BBLR tidak setuju terhadap perawatan tali pusat yang tidak higienes (diberi abu gosok). Namun demikian masih ada yang membubuhi tali pusat dengan abu kayu bakar, asam dicampur air. Ibu BBLR setuju terhadap upaya pencegahan penyakit. Dikalangan ibu BBLR masih ditemukan kepercayaan membawa anaknya keluar harus setelah 40 hari. Sebagian besar ibu BBLR menggunakan cara lama atau tardisional dalam mencegah dan menangani hipotermia. Pada umumnya ibu BBLR memberikan kolostrum pada bayinya, namun demikian sebelum ASI keluar bayi diberikan air atau madu. ASI mulai diberikan paling banyak pada hari ke dua, dan mereka menyusui bayinya sampai 2 tahun. Sebagian besar ibu muda/baru menikah tidak melakukan perawatan tali pusatnya, tetapi oleh dukun atau orang tuanya dan petugas kesehatan. Tali pusat dirawat menggunakan alkohol atau betadin. Pada umumnya ibu BBLR membawa bayinya yang sakit ke petugas kesehatan dan selebihnya mengobati sendiri dengan ramuan, membeli obat di warung atau toko obat, rninum obat untuk bayi yang sakit, dan membawanya ke dukun. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan untuk merawat BBLR tidak sulit didapat. Beberapa faktor penghambat adalah masih adanya kepercayaan, ketidaktahuan ibu, pengaruh otang tua dan dukun, serta faktor ekonomi. Sementara faktor pendukung adalah ibu berpengalaman dalam merawat bayi serta adanya. dukungan keluarga dalam merawat bayi.Beberapa saran diajukan 1) Depkes R1 dapat mengembangkan prototife atau model media tentang perawatan BBLR. 2) Dinkes Bogor menindaklanjuti pembuatan media dengan menggunakan bahasa dan budaya lokal, pelatihan bagi pengelola program kesehatan ibu dan anak tingkat kabupaten dan tingkat Puskesmas tentang manajemen laktasi dan Perawatan Bayi Lekat serta monitoring dari bidan koordinator kabupaten terhadap bidan puskesmas. 3) Puskesmas Citemeup, Leuwiliang dan Jasinga, perlu adanya monitoring dari kordinator bidan Puskesmas terhadap bidan di desa, bidan di desa memberi contoh kepada dukun bayi cara mencegah hipotermia, Perawatan Bayi Lekat dan ASI eksklusif serta perlunya pendidikan kesehatan bagi ibu-ibu hamil tentang cara mencegah hipotermia, Perawtan Bayi Lekat dan ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas, Posyandu maupun Kelompok Peminat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak.
Recently, in Indonesia there are about 19 % babies have low birth weight with less than 2500 gram. Low birth weight (LBW) is one of important factor in neonatal mortality and also as determinant factor for infant and babies under tive mortality. The main causation of mortality in low birth weight is pre-term delivery, infection, asphyxia, hypothermia and inadequate breast feeding.In Bogor, LBW is one of baby mortality factor, while detail information about women?s behavior in caring their babies not found yet. Because of willing to know detail information of women?s behavior in taking care LBW in Bogor in 2002, so that the type of the research is qualitative rsearch, collected data by using indepth interview and discussion group focus. Collecting the data is conducted to 15 key informants and 43 women whose LBW. To analyze the data, it is used content analysis.Based on the research, there is some sociodemography characteristic of informants in age, education, occupation, number of children, babies birth weight and care givers. Women?s knowlegde in caring LBW is low, most of them agree in waming the baby with hot water. Some of them do not agree in Kangaroo Mother Care in their breast and do not agree in giving feed banana in early. Almost all of mowen do not agree toward unhygienic placenta care. Otherwise, there is some women mix placenta with ash, and mix with tamarind water. LBW women agree in preventing the diseases. There is still a belief in women having LBW that they may take their babies out of home alter 40 days of delivery. Some of them apply traditional method in preventing hypothermia Commonly, they give eolostrum to their babies but previously giving them water or honey before breast out in the first time. Most of them give breast feeding to their baby in the second day, and give it until 2 years. Most of young women do not give placenta care, as their parents or traditional midwife do. Using bethadine or alcohol to clean the placenta Generally, women having LBW take their unhealthy baby to the hospital but some of them self-curing by their own made medicine, buy the generic medicine in the shop, even take them to traditional midwife. Ingredient for medicine is not difficult to find. Some of the LBW obstacles are traditional belief, lack of knowledge, parent and traditional midwife influence, and economical problem. While the effort factor are experienced women and family support in caring the baby.Some suggestions are recommended, namely : (1) Health Department of Rl can develop prototype or media model for LBW care. (2) Health Instance of Bogor can follow up making media by using local language and culture, training of location management and Kangoroo Mother Care for conductor of women and baby health in district level and Health Center and also monitoring of midwife coordinator to midwife to midwife in district. (3) In Citeureup, Leuwiliang, and Jasinga Health Center, monitoring of midwife coordinator to midwife in the village is needed, how they give demontration to traditional midwife, how to prevent hypotennia, Kangoroo Mother Care and exclusive breast feeding. Furthennore, giving health education for pregnant women in preventing hypoterrnia, kangoroo mother care and giving exclusive breast feeding in Health Center, integrated service post or group of women and baby health lover.
