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Hendra Widiyanto; Pembimbing: Sjahrul Meizar Nasri; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Laksita Ri Hastiti, Muhamad Dawaman, Yuni Kusminanti
Abstrak:
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Penelitian ini membahas gambaran persepsi risiko keselamatan kerja pada pekerja di PT.X dengan pendekatan paradigma psikometri yaitu kesukarelaan terhadap risiko, kesegeraan dampak, pemahaman risiko berdasarkan pengalaman, potensi dampak risiko, reaksi yang ditimbulkan risiko, keparahan risiko, pengetahuan terhadap risiko, pengendalian terhadap risiko dan tingkat kebaruan risiko. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif, pengambilan data dengan cara penyebaran kuisioner, dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2024, di PT.X, Sumatera Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas persepsi risiko keselamatan kerja pada pekerja PT.X adalah baik yaitu sebanyak 55.1% pekerja memiliki persepsi baik (tinggi) dan 44.9% pekerja dari total responden memiliki persepsi buruk (rendah) terhadap keselamatan kerja. Disarankan terhadap PT.X terus meningkatkan pelatihan-pelatihan dan pengawasan terhadap pekerja yang bertujuan untuk meminimalisir tindakan tidak aman dan mencegah kecelakaan kerja di lingkungan operasional PT.X.
This study discusses the description of occupational safety risk perception in workers at PT.X with a psychometric paradigm approach, namely voluntariness of risk, immediacy of impact, understanding of risk based on experience, potential risk impact, risk reaction, risk severity, knowledge of risk, risk control and level of risk novelty. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive design, data collection by distributing questionnaires, conducted in June 2024, at PT.X, South Sumatra. The results showed that the majority of perceptions of occupational safety risks in PT.X workers were good, namely as many as 55.1% of workers had good perceptions (high) and 44.9% of workers from total respondents had poor perceptions (low) of occupational safety. It is recommended that PT.X continue to improve training and supervision of workers which aims to minimise unsafe acts and prevent work accidents in the PT.X operational environment.
T-7146
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Adji Swandito; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Heny D. Mayawati, Budiawan, Elsye As Safira
Abstrak:
Pekerja kontraktor bahan kimia di perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi PT. XYZ merupakan populasi berisiko terhadap pajanan Benzena disebabkan oleh aktifitas dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang memungkinkan terpajan oleh uap Benzena. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan tingkat risiko nonkarsinogenik dan karsinogenik disertai dengan analisis kemungkinan ketidaknormalan kadar darah akibat pajanan Benzena, untuk kemudian ditentukan manajemen risiko yang harus dilakukan. Penelitian merupakan studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap seluruh pekerja kontraktor bahan kimia di PT. XYZ yang berjumlah 22 orang ditambah dengan 22 orang sebagai pembanding dipilih dari karyawan perusahaan PT. XYZ pada lokasi yang sama.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi pekerja bahan kimia di PT. XYZ berisiko terhadap pajanan Benzena nonkarsinogenik (RQ = 1,7442) dan karsinogenik (ECR = 1,76 x 10-4) pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Diketahui hubungan yang bermakna antara pajanan Benzena terhadap normalitas kadar hemoglobin (p = 0,015) dan eritrosit (p = 0,000). Risiko ketidaknormalan kadar hemoglobin dan eritrosit berturut-turut pada populasi terpajan adalah 6,92 kali (95% CI:1,28?37,29) dan 21,53 kali (95% CI:4,46?103,90) dibandingkan populasi tidak terpajan. Selain itu juga diketahui hubungan yang signifikan antara kenaikan jumlah asupan Benzena terhadap penurunan kadar haemoglobin (rs = -0,433; p = 0,044) dan eritrosit (rs = -0,474; p = 0,026).
Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan nonkarsinogenik dan karsinogenik akibat pajanan Benzena pada populasi pekerja bahan kimia di perusahaan minyak dan gas PT. XYZ akan terjadi pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Terdapat hubungan antara pajanan Benzena dengan ketidaknormalan hemoglobin dan eritrosit.
Chemical contractor worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ is a population at risk to Benzene exposure due to its activities and work environment condition that possibly exposed by Benzene vapour. This research is aimed to estimate noncarsinogenic and carsinogenic risk level, complemented with blood counts abnormality analysisdue to Benzene exposure, then determining risk management shall be done. The research is cross sectional study was done to all chemical contractor worker at PT. XYZ, consist of 22 person, and additional 22 person as a control was selected from employee of PT. XYZ working at the same location. The research yield that chemical worker population at PT. XYZ is at risk to the noncarsinogenic (RQ = 1.7442) and carsinogenic (ECR = 1.76 x 10-4) Benzene exposure at the lifetime exposure duration.
Its known that there is a correlation between Benzene exposure with normality of haemoglobin (p = 0.015) and erythrocytes (p = 0.000). The risk of abnormality haemoglobin and erythrocytes counts is 6.92 times (95% CI:1.28?37.29) dan 21.53 times (95% CI:4.46?103.90) respectively compare to the non exposed population. In addition, its identified that there is a significant correlation between increased Benzene intake to the haemoglobin (rs = -0.433; p = 0.044) and erythrocytes (rs = -0.474; p = 0.026) counts reduction.
In summary noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk due to Benzene exposure in the population of chemical worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ will occure at the lifetime exposure duration. There is a correlation between Benzene exposure with abnormality of haemoglobin and erythrocytes.
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Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi pekerja bahan kimia di PT. XYZ berisiko terhadap pajanan Benzena nonkarsinogenik (RQ = 1,7442) dan karsinogenik (ECR = 1,76 x 10-4) pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Diketahui hubungan yang bermakna antara pajanan Benzena terhadap normalitas kadar hemoglobin (p = 0,015) dan eritrosit (p = 0,000). Risiko ketidaknormalan kadar hemoglobin dan eritrosit berturut-turut pada populasi terpajan adalah 6,92 kali (95% CI:1,28?37,29) dan 21,53 kali (95% CI:4,46?103,90) dibandingkan populasi tidak terpajan. Selain itu juga diketahui hubungan yang signifikan antara kenaikan jumlah asupan Benzena terhadap penurunan kadar haemoglobin (rs = -0,433; p = 0,044) dan eritrosit (rs = -0,474; p = 0,026).
Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan nonkarsinogenik dan karsinogenik akibat pajanan Benzena pada populasi pekerja bahan kimia di perusahaan minyak dan gas PT. XYZ akan terjadi pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Terdapat hubungan antara pajanan Benzena dengan ketidaknormalan hemoglobin dan eritrosit.
Chemical contractor worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ is a population at risk to Benzene exposure due to its activities and work environment condition that possibly exposed by Benzene vapour. This research is aimed to estimate noncarsinogenic and carsinogenic risk level, complemented with blood counts abnormality analysisdue to Benzene exposure, then determining risk management shall be done. The research is cross sectional study was done to all chemical contractor worker at PT. XYZ, consist of 22 person, and additional 22 person as a control was selected from employee of PT. XYZ working at the same location. The research yield that chemical worker population at PT. XYZ is at risk to the noncarsinogenic (RQ = 1.7442) and carsinogenic (ECR = 1.76 x 10-4) Benzene exposure at the lifetime exposure duration.
Its known that there is a correlation between Benzene exposure with normality of haemoglobin (p = 0.015) and erythrocytes (p = 0.000). The risk of abnormality haemoglobin and erythrocytes counts is 6.92 times (95% CI:1.28?37.29) dan 21.53 times (95% CI:4.46?103.90) respectively compare to the non exposed population. In addition, its identified that there is a significant correlation between increased Benzene intake to the haemoglobin (rs = -0.433; p = 0.044) and erythrocytes (rs = -0.474; p = 0.026) counts reduction.
In summary noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk due to Benzene exposure in the population of chemical worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ will occure at the lifetime exposure duration. There is a correlation between Benzene exposure with abnormality of haemoglobin and erythrocytes.
T-4436
Depok : FKM UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Machfud; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi, Indri Hapsari Susilowati; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Anton Ojong, Ricko Adiyana Putra
Abstrak:
Tesis ini membahas tentang kesesuaian implementasi terhadap kebijakan danrespon tanggap darurat yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan dan dibandingkan denganstandar yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah Indonesia yaitu Peraturan MenteriPerhubungan No.58 tahun 2013 tentang penanggulangan pencemaran di perairandan pelabuhan serta kesesuaian implementasi dengan menggunakan assessmenttool berdasarkan National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1600. Apabilakemudian ditemukan perbedaan antara kedua standard tersebut, maka akandilakukan upaya perbaikan pada prosedur yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan agarterciptanya perbaikan terus-menerus untuk kesiapan respon Tier-1. Dalam insidentumpahan minyak peraturan menteri perhubungan No.58 tahun 2013 dan elemenpencegahan dalam NFPA 1600 dapat diimplemtasikan dengan melakukanpenilaian risiko. Tujuan dari penilaian risiko ini untuk mengetahui tingkatkemungkinan, keparahan dan resiko terjadinya tumpahan minyak di fasilitas PT.X. Setelah melakukan penilaian risiko dapat disiapkan rencana penanggulangan tumpahan minyak yang merupakan elemen mitigasi dalam NFPA 1600.Penanggulangan tumpahan minyak mempertimbangkan strategi response, timpenanggulangan, kecukupan peralatan dan response time sebelum tumpahan sampai ke pantai. Hasil simulasi dengan mengunakan software trajectory modelling diperoleh informasi waktu tercepat tumpahan minyak menuju garis pantai. Kemampuan penanggulangan tumpahan minyak dapat ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah tumpahan minyak, peralatan yang dimiliki, tim yangkompeten serta strategi response yang tepat.
Kata kunci:Tumpahan minyak, Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No.58 tahun 2013, NFPA1600, penilaian resiko, trajectory modelling, penaggulangan, strategi respon.
The thesis was looking for compliance for emergency response system for oil spillpolicy and implementastion in company PT.X, conformity with standard ofIndonesia regulation, Manistry of Sea Transportation No. 58, 2013 and research used assessment tool from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1600edition 2013. Element prevention in Manistry of Sea Transportation No. 58, 2013and research used assessment tool from National Fire Protection Association(NFPA) 1600 edition 2013 for oil spill incident can be implemented by performing risk assessment. The purpose of risk assessment to determine the levelof likelihood, severity and relative risk of oil spills in the PT.X. Oil spill contigency plan can be prepared after conducted a risk assessment, which part ofof the implemented of mitigation, consider of strategy of response, combat team, oil spill equipments, response time before spill hit the shoreline. The simulation form software trajectory modelling result information time of oil spills to theshoreline. The ability of the oil spill response can be determined based on oil psill volume, oil spill equipments, oil spill team combat and strategy of response.
Key words:Oil spill, Manistry of Sea Transportation No. 58, 2013, NFPA 1600, riskassessment, trajectory modelling, Contigency plan, strategy of response.
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Kata kunci:Tumpahan minyak, Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No.58 tahun 2013, NFPA1600, penilaian resiko, trajectory modelling, penaggulangan, strategi respon.
The thesis was looking for compliance for emergency response system for oil spillpolicy and implementastion in company PT.X, conformity with standard ofIndonesia regulation, Manistry of Sea Transportation No. 58, 2013 and research used assessment tool from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1600edition 2013. Element prevention in Manistry of Sea Transportation No. 58, 2013and research used assessment tool from National Fire Protection Association(NFPA) 1600 edition 2013 for oil spill incident can be implemented by performing risk assessment. The purpose of risk assessment to determine the levelof likelihood, severity and relative risk of oil spills in the PT.X. Oil spill contigency plan can be prepared after conducted a risk assessment, which part ofof the implemented of mitigation, consider of strategy of response, combat team, oil spill equipments, response time before spill hit the shoreline. The simulation form software trajectory modelling result information time of oil spills to theshoreline. The ability of the oil spill response can be determined based on oil psill volume, oil spill equipments, oil spill team combat and strategy of response.
Key words:Oil spill, Manistry of Sea Transportation No. 58, 2013, NFPA 1600, riskassessment, trajectory modelling, Contigency plan, strategy of response.
T-5225
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Yudi Handradika; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Budiawan, Heni D. Mayawati, Elsye As Safira
Abstrak:
Pekerja di lapangan migas, khususnya di lepas pantai memiliki risiko yangtinggi terhadap pajanan BTX di area kerja. Pajanan bersumber dari aktifitas yanglangsung bersentuhan dengan uap dan gas hidrokarbon yang sifatnya mudahmenguap pada suhu kamar (Volatile organic compounds - VOC) sehinggamemungkinkan terhisap oleh para pekerja dan menimbulkan efek kesehatan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan tingkat risiko nonkarsinogenik dankarsinogenik dari Pajanan BTX terhadap pekerja lepas pantai beserta manajemenrisiko yang harus dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintangmenggunakan pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL) yangmeliputi 4 langkah penting: identifikasi bahaya, analisis dosis-respon, analisispajanan dan karakterisasi risiko. Jumlah sampel berupa 95 orang pekerja tetap diperusahaan hulu migas X. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara danpengukuran langsung, tingkat risiko dihitung dengan cara membagi asupandengan dosis referensi BTX. Sebagai pembanding (control) dilakukan jugaperhitungan terhadap 7 orang pekerja lepas pantai yang bekerja hanya di kantor(office). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan risiko pajanan benzene non karsinogenikharus diwaspadai bagi pekerja lepas pantai dimana dari perhitungan diketahuinilai RQ (Risk Quotient) yang lebih dari satu baik untuk pajanan realtime (ada21,05% pekerja) maupun pajanan lifetime (61,05% pekerja). Sementara untukrisiko pajanan non karsinogenik dari toluene dan xylene termasuk rendah. Iniditunjukkan dari hasil perhitungan RQ untuk realtime maupun lifetime yangsemuanya (100%) bernilai kurang dari satu (RQ <1). Untuk risiko kesehatanpajanan karsinogenik benzene, diperoleh bahwa 20% pekerja lepas pantaimemiliki efek karsinogenik pada pajanan realtime dan 60% pekerja pada pajananlifetime. Disimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan manajemen risiko terhadap pajanansenyawa benzene di lingkungan kerja lepas pantai, agar pekerja terhindar daririsiko kesehatan baik risiko nonkarsinogenik dan risiko karsinogenik jangkapanjang.
Kata kunci:Analisis Risiko, BTX, Pekerja Lepas Pantai
This research has objective to predict carsinogenic and non carcinogeniceffect of BTX exposure to offshore workers and the risk management required. Itis cross sectional study which utilize the environmental health risk assessmentapproach. Sample consists of 95 offshore workers in upstream oil and gascompany X. research data is compiled from direct interview and companymeasurement data. As a control, 7 administrative workers are involved incalculation. The result of this research is non carcinogenic exposure of benzenemust become a high concern which has risk quotient - RQ 21.05% at realtimeexposure and 61.05% at lifetime exposure. There is little risk related to tolueneand xylene. Its respectively RQ is lower than 1 for both of them. For carcinogenichealth risk of benzene, 20% of offshore workers and 60% of offshore workers hascarcinogenic effect to their health risk.It can be concluded that risk management isrequired for being applied in order to minimize the benzene health effect tooffshore workers.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, BTX, Offshore worker.
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Kata kunci:Analisis Risiko, BTX, Pekerja Lepas Pantai
This research has objective to predict carsinogenic and non carcinogeniceffect of BTX exposure to offshore workers and the risk management required. Itis cross sectional study which utilize the environmental health risk assessmentapproach. Sample consists of 95 offshore workers in upstream oil and gascompany X. research data is compiled from direct interview and companymeasurement data. As a control, 7 administrative workers are involved incalculation. The result of this research is non carcinogenic exposure of benzenemust become a high concern which has risk quotient - RQ 21.05% at realtimeexposure and 61.05% at lifetime exposure. There is little risk related to tolueneand xylene. Its respectively RQ is lower than 1 for both of them. For carcinogenichealth risk of benzene, 20% of offshore workers and 60% of offshore workers hascarcinogenic effect to their health risk.It can be concluded that risk management isrequired for being applied in order to minimize the benzene health effect tooffshore workers.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, BTX, Offshore worker.
T-4438
Depok : FKM UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Yan Fuadi; Pembimbing: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Robiana Modjo, Gunawan, Yogi Sasongko
T-4454
Depok : FKM UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Medonna Febrina Putri; Pembimbing: Syahrul Meizar Nasri; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Doni Hikmat Ramadhan, Samy Awaludin, Alfa Khinani
Abstrak:
Tesis ini membahas mengenai penilaian risiko kesehatan berdasarkan task analysis pada aktivitas well services industri pengeboran minyak bumi di PT X Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian semikuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif berdasarkan HRA model PT Pertamina (2018) berdasarkan factor tingkat pajanan dan tingkat. Langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengidentifikasi aktivitas well services berdasarkan task yang ada pada SOP dan JSA, walkthrough survey dan menilai risiko. Berdasarkan penilaian risiko kesehatan didapatkan tingkat risiko tinggi (high) untuk bahaya bising terhadap SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, dan mechanic dan bahaya ergonomi terhadap SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, dan operator dozer. PT AB dan PT CD perlu melakukan pengendalian tambahan terhadap bahaya bising dan bahaya ergonomi antara lain: Hearing Loss Prevention Program (HLPP), audit terhadap SOP & peralatan, melakukan pengukuran dosis personal bahaya bising, pembatasan jam kerja, pengukuran audiometri, melakukan supervisi dilapangan terhadap pengunaan earplug, pengunaan double earplug & earmuff, melakukan sosialisasi bahaya bising secara konsisten, menyediakan perancah (scafolding) pada aktivitas nipple up & nipple down horse head, melakukan pelatihan posisi tubuh yang ergonomi serta menambahkan Ergonomic Postur Assessment sebagai salah satu item dalam pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala. Bahaya gas H2S terhadap SEG floorman, driller dan derrickman dan bahaya gas CO terhadap SEG mechanic mendapatkan tingkat risiko medium, sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan implementasi pengendalian yang sudah ada serta pengendalian tambahan secara konsisten. Selanjutnya bahaya getaran mendapatkan tingkat risiko low terhadap SEG mechanic dan bahaya gas O2 terhadap SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, mechanic dan operator Dozer mendapatkan tingkat risiko very low, oleh karena itu PT AB dan PT CD melalui HES departemen perlu melakukan monitoring secara berkala dan konsisten terhadap impelementasi pengendalian yang sudah ada. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini juga menyarankan bahwa identifikasi potensi bahaya lainnya seperti pencahayan, radiasi gamma, heat stress, welding fume, bahaya biologi dan bahaya psikososial pada pekerjaan well services berdasarkan task analysis.
This thesis discusses the health risk assessment based on task analysis on the well services activities of the petroleum drilling industry at PT X 2019. This research is a semiquantitative study with a descriptive design based on the HRA model of PT Pertamina (2018) bases factor exposure level and hazard level. The first step is to identify performed the task well services based on SOP and JSA, walkthrough survey and risk assessment. Based on the health risk assessment, there is a high risk level for noise hazards to similar exposure group (SEG) floorman, driller, derrickman, and mechanic and ergonomic hazards to floorman, driller, derrickman, and dozer operators. PT AB and PT CD need to conduct additional controls for noise hazards and ergonomic hazards, including: Hearing Loss Prevention Program, auditing SOPs & equipment, measuring personal dose of noise hazards, limiting working hours, audiometric measurements, conducting field supervision of the use of earplugs, using double earplugs and earmuffs, disseminating noise hazards consistently, providing scaffolding for Nipple Up and Nipple Down Horse Head activities, conducting ergonomic body position training, and adding Ergonomic Posture Assessment as an item in periodic health checks. The hazard of H2S gas to the SEG floorman, driller and derrickman and the danger of CO gas to the SEG mechanic has a medium level of risk, it is necessary to monitor the implementation of existing controls as well as additional controls consistently. Furthermore, the vibration hazard gets a low risk level for the SEG mechanic and the danger of O2 gas against the SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, mechanic and Dozer operators get a very low risk level, therefore PT AB and PT CD through the HES department need to monitor regularly and consistently the implementation of existing controls. In addition, the results of this study also suggest that the identification of other potential hazards such as lighting, gamma radiation, heat stress, welding fume, biological hazards and psychosocial hazards in well-service work based on task analysis
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This thesis discusses the health risk assessment based on task analysis on the well services activities of the petroleum drilling industry at PT X 2019. This research is a semiquantitative study with a descriptive design based on the HRA model of PT Pertamina (2018) bases factor exposure level and hazard level. The first step is to identify performed the task well services based on SOP and JSA, walkthrough survey and risk assessment. Based on the health risk assessment, there is a high risk level for noise hazards to similar exposure group (SEG) floorman, driller, derrickman, and mechanic and ergonomic hazards to floorman, driller, derrickman, and dozer operators. PT AB and PT CD need to conduct additional controls for noise hazards and ergonomic hazards, including: Hearing Loss Prevention Program, auditing SOPs & equipment, measuring personal dose of noise hazards, limiting working hours, audiometric measurements, conducting field supervision of the use of earplugs, using double earplugs and earmuffs, disseminating noise hazards consistently, providing scaffolding for Nipple Up and Nipple Down Horse Head activities, conducting ergonomic body position training, and adding Ergonomic Posture Assessment as an item in periodic health checks. The hazard of H2S gas to the SEG floorman, driller and derrickman and the danger of CO gas to the SEG mechanic has a medium level of risk, it is necessary to monitor the implementation of existing controls as well as additional controls consistently. Furthermore, the vibration hazard gets a low risk level for the SEG mechanic and the danger of O2 gas against the SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, mechanic and Dozer operators get a very low risk level, therefore PT AB and PT CD through the HES department need to monitor regularly and consistently the implementation of existing controls. In addition, the results of this study also suggest that the identification of other potential hazards such as lighting, gamma radiation, heat stress, welding fume, biological hazards and psychosocial hazards in well-service work based on task analysis
T-6016
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Suci Mustikarini; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Fatma Lestari, Achmad Ruchyana Muliadiredja, Samil Mukhlisin Yauma Hasan
T-3483
Depok : FKM UI, 2012
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Syarifah Nur Beti; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Yuni Kusminanti
S-5995
Depok : FKM UI, 2010
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Yulianto Agung Ekandoko; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Chandra Satria, Dadan Erwandi, Hadi Setiyoko
T-4088
Depok : FKM-UI, 2014
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Ni Made Truly Pinanti Sastra; Pembimbing: Indri Hapsari Susilowati; Penguji: Fatma Lestari, L. Meily; Milla Tejamaya
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Latar belakang: Fenomena korosi pada material carbon steel di fasilitas produksi hulu minyak dan gas dapat menyebabkan penipisan lapisan logam sehingga terjadi kebocoran hidrokarbon. Untuk mencegah kerugian tersebut, perusahaan perlu menerapkan corrosion management dengan injeksi corrosion inhibitor sebagai lapisan pelindung material. Salah satu jenis Corrosion inhibitor (CI) yang diinjeksikan mengandung bahan baku asam tioglikolat (TGA), seperti yang digunakan di PT. X, yaitu produk CI-A. Selain memiliki manfaat dalam melapisi logam, TGA dapat terdekomposisi menjadi H2S (hidrogen sulfida) akibat perubahan suhu, misalnya akibat paparan sinar matahari saat penyimpanan produk. Pelepasan gas iritan dari CI dapat menimbulkan risiko bagi kesehatan pernafasan pekerja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko H2S dalam produk CI yang mengandung TGA beserta usulan prioritas perbaikan existing control measures di tempat kerja. Metodologi: Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil pengukuran gas H2S dari drum produk CI-A, hasil pengukuran gas H2S dari simulasi pemanasan sampel CI-A di laboratorium PT. X, dan dokumen prosedur kerja PT. X. Selain itu, penelitian menggunakan data primer dari kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data demografi pekerja PT. X, frekuensi dan durasi penanganan CI pada 2 Unit Kerja (area produksi dan warehouse) di PT. X, dan riwayat keluhan kesehatan pekerja sebagai basis melakukan Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) menurut DOSH versi 2018. Hasil: Dari 113 responden kuesioner PT. X, 96 orang (85%) merupakan pekerja yang rutin menangani produk CI, di mana 2% pekerja pernah merasakan keluhan kesehatan saat menangani produk CI pada periode 2020-2022. Identifikasi risiko kesehatan pada kegiatan ini mengacu pada hasil pengukuran gas H2S yang diperoleh lebih dari 200 ppm dari drum dan lebih dari 700 ppm saat pemanasan 40 ºC selama 180 menit. Nilai konsentrasi ini melebihi STEL-TWA H2S menurut ACGIH yaitu 5 ppm selama 15 menit waktu pajanan. Sesuai CHRA DOSH, tingkat risiko kesehatan gas H2S termasuk hazard rating (HR) = 5. Analisis exposure rating (ER) secara kualitatif menunjukkan ER area produksi (4) lebih tinggi dari ER di area warehouse (3) karena perbedaan frequency-duration rating (FDR) antar unit kerja (magnitude rating (MR) saat aktivitas membuka tutup drum CI = 4). Oleh karena itu, perhitungan tingkat risiko kesehatan gas H2S dari produk CI-A yang mengandung TGA menghasilkan high risk level, yaitu RR = 20 pada Unit Kerja 1 dan RR = 15 pada Unit Kerja 2, sehingga pengendalian risiko utama yang perlu dilakukan oleh perusahaan adalah melakukan subsitusi bahan kimia CI di perusahaan dengan produk CI alternatif yang tidak menghasilkan gas berbahaya, seperti green corrosion inhibitor yang mulai umum dikembangkan untuk industri minyak dan gas bumi. Kesimpulan: Risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan H2S dari CI termasuk pada high risk level menurut CHRA DOSH dan langkah utama yang perlu dilakukan adalah subsitusi sebagai bagian dari technical control untuk menurunkan level risiko kesehatan pekerja di PT. X. Perusahaan memastikan kembali kesesuaian langkah pengendalian teknis, administratif, dan APD saat bahan TGA ini digunakan produk corrosion inhibitor.
Background: Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is used as iron ion reduction in corrosion inhibitor which can produce H2S (hydrogen sulfide) and expose to human health. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk level of H2S exposure from CI along with the proposed risk control in the company. Methodology: Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) according to DOSH (2018) in two exposed work units in PT. X (Work Unit 1 as production area and Work Unit 2 as warehouse area). Result: According to DOSH, the hazard rating of H2S is 5. Qualitative exposure rating (ER) analysis shows the ER of the production area (4) is higher than ER in the warehouse area (3) due to the difference in frequency-duration rating (FDR). By considering the Magnitude rating (MR) during drums opening is 4, the level of health risk is at high risk level (RR Work Units 1 = 20; RR Work Units 2 = 15). Conclusion: H2S exposure from CI is at high risk level according to CHRA DOSH and the main required control is substitution to reduce the risk level. Adequacy of technical, administrative, and PPE control measures is critical when TGA is used in corrosion inhibitor.
T-6562
Depok : FKM UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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