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Penelitian ini dilakukan di DKI Jakarta bulan April 2012 dengan menggunakan desain ekologi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari hasil rekapitulasi jumlah penderita diare perbulan perwilayah selama tahun 2007 ? 2011 di DKI Jakarta. Data ditampilkan secara visualisasi trend berdasarkan tempat dan waktu serta dianalisis secara statistik untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel dependen dan independen. Kasus diare perbulan tertinggi di DKI Jakarta bulan Februari 2007 sebesar 33.511 penderita, kasus diare pertahun perwilayah tertinggi di wilayah IV (Wilayah Kotamadya Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Timur) 2010 sebesar 87.355 penderita. Rata-rata suhu udara perbulan tertinggi bulan April 2010 sebesar 29.20C, curah hujan tertinggi bulan Februari 2007 sebesar 673.5 mm, kelembaban tertinggi bulan Februari 2008 sebesar 86%, kecepatan angin bulan Maret sebesar 6.5 knot. Ada hubungan signifikan suhu udara dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan sedang (r = -0.319), berpola negatif, ada hubungan signifikan curah hujan dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan sedang (r = 0.273) berpola positif, Ada hubungan signifikan kelembaban dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan sedang (r = 0.340) berpola positif, Ada hubungan signifikan kecepatan angin dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan kuat (r = -0.569) berpola negatif. Faktor iklim yang paling dominan yaitu curah hujan. Saran penelitian yaitu menyediakan sumber air bersih untuk dikonsumsi baik pada saat musim hujan ataupun musim kemarau, Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta harus mengelola sampah dengan baik, pembuatan taman kota atau penanaman kembali pohon-pohon di DKI Jakarta, perlu adanya kerjasama lintas program antara Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta, BMKG, PAM, ormas, tokoh masyarakat, civitas akademika dalam memanfaatkan data variasi iklim untuk mencegah terjadinya ledakan kasus (KLB) diare di masa yang akan datang, menjaga Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS), makan yang baik dan bersih, istirahat yang cukup serta senantiasa melakukan Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS), perlu dilakukan intervensi dalam aspek SPAL (Saluran Pembuangan Air Limbah) ataupun pembuangan sampah yang teratur, jangan membuang sampah sembarangan.
This study was conducted in DKI Jakarta on April 2012 by using ecology desain. Data was used secondary data from result of summary of diarrhoea patient of sub-district per-month during year 2007 - 2011 in DKI Jakarta. Data presented visualizinged trend pursuant to time and place and also analysed statistically to see correlated between variable dependent and independent. Highest Diarrhoea case per-month in DKI Jakarta on Februari 2007 is 33.511 patient, highest area per-year diarrhoea case in region IV ( Regional south of Jakarta and east of Jakarta ) 2010 is 87.355 patient. Highest mean Temperature on April 2010 is 29.20C, highest mean rainfall on Februari 2007 is 673.5 mm, highest mean humidity on Februari 2008 is 86%, wind?s on March month is to 6.5 knot. There is significant correlations of temperature with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and medium correlations (r = - 0.319), have negative pattern, there is significant correlations rainfall with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and medium correlations (r = 0.273) have positive pattern, There is significant correlations humidity with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and medium correlations (r = 0.340) have positive pattern, There is significant correlations wind?s speed with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and strong correlations (r = - 0.569) have negative pattern. the most dominant climate factor that is rainfall. Research suggestion that is providing the source of clean and hygiene water to be consumed at the rains and or dry season, sanitary department of state DKI Jakarta have to manage garbage better, making town garden or cultivation tree in DKI Jakarta, need the existence of cooperation program among Public Health Service Provinsi DKI Jakarta, BMKG, PAM, NGO, elite figure, civitas academica in exploiting climate variation data to prevent of diarrhoea case explosion (KLB) in the future, taking care of Healthy and Clean life Behavior (PHBS), eat non contaminated and good food, good and clean hand wash with Soap (CTPS), require to intervence in SPAL aspect (segregate system) and regular garbage disposal, good garbage management program.
Kata Kunci : Iklim, Kepadatan penduduk, ABJ, angka insiden, DBD, Kecamatan Cilandak.
Looking at the 2014 to 2016 data held by the Cilandak puskesmas, the trend of dengue cases in Cilandak sub-district tends to increase in January to May, starting to fall when June and its lowest point in December. The case trend is always the same that happens every year and this raises the interest of the writer to research related to climate factors, vector density factors seen from larval free numbers (ABJ), and population density factors. This study aims to analyze the relationship between climate factors (air temperature, humidity, and rainfall), vector density factors (ABJ figures), and population density with DHF incidence rate in Cilandak District in 2010-2019. The type of data taken is secondary data. DHF incidence rate data, and ABJ figures were obtained from the annual report of the Cilandak District Health Center. Data on population density was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. Climate related data obtained from BMKG. Relationships will be analyzed using the Pearson product moment test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that overall in 2010-2019, rainfall and humidity had a relationship with IR DHF in Cilandak District (p = 0.029, r = 0.685).
Keywords: Climate, Population density, ABJ, incidence rate, DHF, Cilandak District.
Nama : Maria Marchella Purwaningtyas
Program Studi : Kesehatan Lingkungan
Judul : Studi Ekologi: Hubungan Cakupan Pengobatan, Success Rate, Jenis Kelamin, dan Kepadatan Penduduk terhadap Incidence Rate Tuberkulosis Paru di Jakarta Selatan pada tahun 2022
Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. R. Budi Haryanto, S.K.M., M.Kes., M.Sc.
Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis paru merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penyakit ini ditularkan melalui media udara. Tuberkulosis menempati urutan kedua sebagai penyebab utama kematian. Indonesia saat ini berada di peringkat kedua sebagai negara dengan penderita tuberkulosis tertinggi di dunia. Kota Jakarta Selatan berada di urutan ke-3 dengan kasus tuberkulosis terbanyak di Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2022. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara cakupan pengobatan, success rate, jenis kelamin, dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap incidence rate tuberkulosis paru di 10 kecamatan di Jakarta Selatan pada tahun 2022. Metode: Menggunakan desain studi berupa studi ekologi dengan uji korelasi untuk menganalisis hubungan antara cakupan pengobatan, success rate, jenis kelamin, dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap incidence rate tuberkulosis paru di 10 kecamatan di Jakarta Selatan dengan menggunakan data dari bulan Januari-Desember pada tahun 2022. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cakupan pengobatan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap incidence rate tuberkulosis paru di 10 kecamatan (p = 0,000 –1,000), success rate memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap incidence rate tuberkulosis paru di Kecamatan Jagakarsa (p = 0,047, r = 0,582), proporsi jenis kelamin laki-laki penderita tuberkulosis paru tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap incidence rate tuberkulosis paru di seluruh kecamatan (p = > 0,05), proporsi jenis kelamin perempuan penderita tuberkulosis paru tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap incidence rate tuberkulosis paru di seluruh kecamatan (p = > 0,05), dan kepadatan penduduk memiliki memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap incidence rate tuberkulosis paru di Kecamatan Jagakarsa (p = 0,020, r = -0,659). Kesimpulan: Hasil studi ini menyarankan Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jakarta Selatan dengan Pemerintah Kota Jakarta Selatan untuk melakukan advokasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat setempat, memanfaatkan peran dan pelayanan fasilitas kesehatan dalam promosi Kesehatan, serta pelaporan kasus tuberkulosis guna memaksimalkan pengendalian dan pencegahan penyakit tuberkulosis paru.
Kata Kunci:
Cakupan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Paru, Success Rate Tuberkulosis Paru, Jenis Kelamin, Kepadatan Penduduk Tuberkulosis Paru
Name : Maria Marchella Purwaningtyas Major : Environmental Health Title : Ecological Study: The Correlation between Case Detection Rate, Treatment Success Rate, Gender, and Population Density with Incidence Rate of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Jakarta in 2022 Counsellor : Prof. Dr. R. Budi Haryanto, S.K.M., M.Kes., M.Sc. Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of contagious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air. Tuberculosis ranks as the second main cause of death in the world. Indonesia is currently ranked second as country with the highest number of tuberculosis cases. In 2022, South Jakarta City is ranked 3rd with the most tuberculosis cases in DKI Jakarta Province. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between treatment coverage, success rate, gender, and population density on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in 10 sub-districts in South Jakarta in 2022. Method: The research method being used in this study is an ecological study with a correlation test to analyze the relationship between treatment coverage, success rate, gender, and population density on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in 10 sub-districts in South Jakarta using data from January to December in 2022. Result: This study shows that treatment coverage has a significant relationship with the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in 10 sub-districts (p = 0,000–1,000), success rate has a significant relationship with the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Jagakarsa District (p = 0,047, r = 0,582), the proportion of men with pulmonary tuberculosis does not have a significant relationship with the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in all sub-districts (p = > 0,05), the proportion of women with pulmonary tuberculosis does not have a significant relationship with the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in all sub-districts (p = > 0.05), and population density has a significant relationship with the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Jagakarsa District (p = 0.020, r = -0.659). Conclusion: It is advisable for the and health department of South Jakarta district along with South Jakarta government to advocate and empower the local communities, utilize the role and service of health facilities in health promotion and tuberculosis cases reporting in order to maximize the control and prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords: Pulmonary TB Case Detection Rate, Pulmonary TB Treatment Success Rate, Gender, Population Density, Pulmonary Tuberculosis