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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira bacteria. DKI Jakarta is one of 11 endemic areas. This study analyzed the relationship between social (population density), climatic (humidity, rainfall, temperature), and environmental (flood-prone, waste generation) factors on leptospirosis cases in five administrative cities of DKI Jakarta in 2017-2023. The results showed a significant relationship between humidity, rainfall, and flood-prone areas (p<0.05), with a correlation of humidity (r = -0.375) and rainfall (r = 0.477). The distribution of cases was more in flood-prone areas, medium-high waste generation, and medium population density. Thus, it is necessary to optimize cross-sector collaboration in intervention.
Tuberculosis is a disease that has become one of the global concerns. Various factorscan increase the incidence of TB and facilitate transmission, one of which isenvironmental factors. This study aimed to determine the correlation between altitude,population density, and healthy homes with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonaryTB in Pariaman, Bukittinggi and Dumai in 2010-2016. This study is an ecologicalstudy. The data of smear-positive pulmonary TB cases recorded in Public Health Officewere processed in aggregate at each sub-district in Pariaman, Bukittinggi and Dumaiareas in 2010 until 2016. Data source in this research is secondary data obtained fromPublic Health Office; Central Bureau of Statistics; as well as the Geospatial InformationAgency. Data were analyzed by statistical test and spatial analysis. The results of thisstudy indicate that there is a correlation between altitude with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB in Bukittinggi with the strength of a strong relationship and anegative pattern. There is a correlation between altitude with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB in Pariaman, Bukittinggi and Dumai. There is no correlationbetween population density and healthy homes with proportion of smear-positivepulmonary TB in Pariaman, Bukittinggi and Dumai in 2010-2016. It is necessary toadjust the priority of existing programs in accordance with the conditions of each cityareabased on altitude.Key words:Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, altitude.
Kata kunci: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), Kepadatan Penduduk, Iklim, ABJ, Analisis Spasial.
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes who infected with dengue virus. DHF have been affecting more than 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world. Around 1.8 billion (more than 70%) of the population at risk of dengue fever worldwide live in countries of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific Region, including Indonesia. In 2016, DKI Jakarta was assigned the status of outbreak of DHF, with a total of 22,697 cases and an incidence rate (IR) of 220.8 per 100,000 population. West Jakarta is one of the regions with the highest DHF incidence rate compared to other cities in DKI Jakarta. This study aims to determine the spatial analysis of the incidence of dengue in West Jakarta in 2015-2019 by considering several factors such as demographics, climate, and larval free index. This study uses an ecological study with a spatial analysis approach and correlation analysis to see the strength of the relationship between the incidence of DHF with factors of population density, climate, and larvae free index. Spatially the incidence of DHF tends to occur in areas with high density and low larvae free index. Statistically, correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between population density, air humidity, and rainfall with the incidence of DHF. Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation between the air temperature and larvae free index with the incidence of DHF in West Jakarta. Result shows that from 56 urban villages in West Jakarta, there are 53 urban villages that are categorized as high vulnerability, and 3 urban villages categorized as medium vulnerability. The high problem of dengue cases in West Jakarta makes the authorities should increase efforts or planning and optimize community empowerment in eradicating dengue cases.
Keywords: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Population Density, Climate, Larvae Free Index, Spatial Analysis.
Hubungan antara kualitas udara dengan masalah kesehatan pernapasan dan kardiovaskular su- dah banyak diteliti, tetapi studi mengenai kualitas udara dengan demam berdarah dengue masih terbatas. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, baik di wilayah tropis maupun subtropis. Studi ekologi dila- kukan di DKI Jakarta, salah satu wilayah yang memiliki jumlah kasus DBD tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, untuk meneliti hubungan antara Incidence Rate (IR) DBD dengan polusi udara, kece- patan angin, luas ruang terbuka hijau, serta kepadatan penduduk selama 2019–2023. Dilakukan pendekatan uji korelasi, uji Kruskal wallis, uji regresi linear berganda, dan analisis spasial. Ha- silnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin buruk kualitas udara, maka IR DBD cenderung menurun, dan sebaliknya pada uji korelasi, uji Kruskall-Wallis, dan regresi. Kecepatan angin, kepadat- an penduduk, dan luas ruang terbuka hijau memiliki hubungan negatif signifikan terhadap IR DBD di hampir seluruh wilayah di DKI Jakarta. Pada analisis spasial, IR DBD cenderung lebih tinggi di wilayah dengan polusi udara tinggi, luas ruang terbuka hijau rendah, dan kepadatan penduduk tinggi, sedangkan kecepatan angin menunjukkan variabilitas dan tidak tampak pola yang konsisten. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan bagi Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) untuk meningkatkan akurasi prediksi dini IR DBD di DKI Jakarta.
The associations between respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes with air quality have been well examined. Less conclusive are the studies assessing the relationship between air quality and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a mosquito-borne illness which remains a public health problem worldwide. We examined this relationship in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, where the burden of DHF is among the highest across South-East Asian region. We analyzed the correlation between dengue incidence rate and variations in air pollution, wind speed, vegetation greenness, and population density in DKI Jakarta from 2019 to 2023 using the ecological study method. The results indicated that poorer air quality was generally associated with lower dengue incidence rate, as shown in the correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression tests. Wind speed, population density, and green open space area showed significant negative relationships with dengue incidence rate across most areas in DKI Jakarta. In the spatial analysis, dengue incidence rate tended to be higher in areas with high air pollution, low green vegetation, and high population density, while wind speed showed variability and did not indicate a consistent pattern. Variations in the concentrations of these air pollutants may inform short-term DHF forecasts by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG)
Penyakit Flu Burung (FB) atau avian influenza (AI) adalah penyakit menular pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh virus jenis HSNI dan ditularkan oleh unggas. Virus AI adalah virus pathogen type A dari virus influenza yang biasa menyerang unggas. Virus flu ini secara alamiah terdapat pada unggas liar yang biasa bennigrasi dan jika virus ini menginfeksi unggas domestik seperti ayrun atau bebek temak maka dapat menyebabkan kematian pada populasi tersebut. Kasus pertama flu burung pada manusia terjadi di Kabupaten Tangerang pada bulan Juli 2005. Sejak saat itu kasus demi kasus baik yang menyereng uaggas maupun kontak dengan unggas;, lokasi penampunglln & pemotongan unggas terinfeksi HSNI, lokasi KLB kematian unggru; positif H5Nl, kepadatan penduduk, kondisi cuaca (suhu, curah hujan, kelembaban, arab angin dan kangin). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancanglln studi ekologik ekspl001tory dengan analisis spasial. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan antara lain dari 33 kejadian AI terkonfinnasi pada manusia hanya terdapat 6 kasus yang basil pemeriksaan sampel unggasnya penitif H5NI. Kepadatan tempat penampunglln ayam (TPnA) dan kepadatan penduduk tidak menggambarkar. adanya pengaruh terhadap penyebaran kejadian AI terkontiminasi pada manusia di DKI Jakarta Gambaran cakapan risiko infeksi AI di DKJ Jakarta adalah 100%. Perlunya dilakukan penelitian sejenis yang lebih mendalam terhadap variabel lainnya, seperti jalur transportasi unggas; hidup, unggas domestik liar dan binatang lainnya seperti kucing, anjing atau serangga lainnya pada setiap kejadian AI pada manusia. Perlu juga dilakukan kajian tentang reseptor AI pada manusia sehingga dapat menemukan population at risk sebagai early warning system. Hal penting lainnya ada1ah perlu adanya pemahaman dan persamaan persepsi dalam peleksanaan penanggulangan flu burung berbagai instansi yang terkait.
Avian influenza (AI) or Bird flu (FB) is contagious disease to human which caused by H5Nl virus, and naturally this disease appears among birds. Avian influenza is an infectious viral disease of birds caused by type 'A' strains of the influenza virus. Wild migratory birds such as ducks, and geese, are natural carriers of the virus, but are resistant to severe infection from the virus. However, the virus is contagious among domesticated poultry birds and can cause very severe consequences. The first human case was happened in Tangerang Regency in July 2005. According to WHO, np to May 2008, case of avian influenza in all the world reach The lab exam of poultry samples show that only 6 incident from 33 have positive of H5NI. The location of stock poultry and population density have not describe the influence to human case spreading in DKI Jakarta Province. The describe of risk AI infection coverage in DKI Jakarta region is 100%. The study suggest that need to conduct similar stand by with comprehensive variable such as life poultry transportation pathway, the existence of wild domestic poultry and other animal like cat, dog or fly. Also study of human AI receptor in DKI Jakarta Province in tum the population at risk will be able to determent as early warning system. And last but not the least, need to boost coordination and perception in dealing with AI issues among stroke holder.
