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Achieving UHC has become the main goal of countries in the world and is expected to be achieved after 2015 in the form of improving the quality of health services. Based on the 2018 DKI Jakarta Province Health Service (SPM) report, health services, especially for people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), have only been fulfilled 12.16% of the expected target. Therefore, the researcher wants to see the service for DM patients based on UHC in DKI Jakarta which is seen from 3 dimensions (Participation, Service and Financing). This research used a mix-method study design with secondary and primary data collection (in-depth interviews and data collection). The results of this study was found that JKN participation in DKI Jakarta akarta were 98.2%, DM screening was 30.1% and case findings were 61.38%, then the dimensions of primary health care services with plenary accreditation were 73.8%, non-communicable disease polyclinic availability 92.9%, 100% nutrition polyclinic, training nutrition education were 40.5% , drugs availability (sulfonylurea, glinide, metformin) and laboratory examinations (blood glucose, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and HbA1C). Dimension of financing the total amount of APBD for primary health care vs Hospital in 2019 Rp.623,501,224,722 vs Rp.126,897,825,643, BLUD Rp.907,101,636,329 vs. Rp.125,020,357,361 and in the category of Cost Recovery Rate <40% (16.7 vs 16.7%), 4060% (31 vs 50%) and >60% (52.3 vs 33.3%).It can be explained that there are still several dimensions of UHC to be further improved in order to achieve maximum UHC-based services, especially services for Diabetes Mellitus patients
Abstrak
Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan pembenahan sistem dan insfrastrukturkesehatan khususnya Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas sebagai provider BPJS untukmengimplementasikan progam universal health coverage dalam SJSN. Tujuanpenelitian untuk mengetahui kebutuhan tempat tidur di Kabupaten BolaangMongondow Propinsi Sulawesi Utara dalam implementasi program SJSN.Metode penelitian yaitu penelitian operasional yang membuat estimasi danproyeksi kebutuhan tempat tidur, Pendekatan kualitatif dengan indepth interview(wawancara mendalam) kepada informan tertentu juga dilakukan agar dapatgambaran strategi kebijakan. Hasil penelitian yaitu estimasi jumlah TT tahun2013 antara ketersediaan TT dan kebutuhan TT mencukupi. Proyeksi jumlah TTtahun 2018 dan tahun 2023 yaitu kebutuhan TT meningkat tetapi ketersediaankurang. Strategi kebijakan yaitu pemerintah daerah membangun RS tipe C danakan mengembangkan Puskesmas Non Perawatan menjadi Puskesmas Perawatan.Hasil penelitian ini lebih lanjut diarahkan kepada pemerintah Kabupaten BolaangMongondow.
The Indonesian government has to reform the health system and infrastructure inparticular hospitals and health centers as providers BPJS for implementationuniversal health coverage program in the Social Security System. Researchpurposes to determine the bed needs in Bolaang Mongondow Regency NorthSulawesi Province in SJSN program implementation. Research methods thatoperational research to make estimates and projected needs bed, qualitativeapproach with indepth interview to specific informants also done in order tooverview policy strategy. The results are estimates of the number of beds in 2013between the availability of beds and beds needs sufficient. Projected number ofbeds in 2018 and in 2023 the need for beds increased but the availability is less.Policy strategies that local governments establish hospitals type C and willdevelop PHC Non Care into Care PHC. Results of this study further directed togovernment Bolaang Mongondow Regency.
The dynamics of COVID-19 cases until 2022 are still ongoing worldwide and resulting high fluctuations in morbidity and mortality rates. Various explosions of cases due to Variant of Concern (VOC) have a direct impact on puskesmas as primary care. To strengthen puskesmas, a policy strategy for controlling COVID-19 is needed in the form of prevention, detect, and response, followed by optimizing the implementation of policies carried out in the field. This study aims to describe the implementation of policies at the puskesmas level in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic based on a literature review. The analysis used in this study is a literature review with the PRISMA approach. The need for literature searches using online database in the form of Google Scholar and GARUDA so that 14 included literatures are obtained. In addition, various literatures obtained in the research are in the form of journal articles, reports from health institutions, text books, and websites in English and Indonesian. The result showed that the implementation of policies at the puskesmas still found various problems and obstacles, including the making of SOPs that were not comprehensive followed by a lack of socialization related to SOPs to puskesmas officers, the limited number of surveillance officers at the puskesmas, training and socialization for tracing and surveillance were still inadequate, and limited health logistics in the form of COVID-19 therapeutic drugs such as oseltamivir, azithromycin, and favipiravir. In conclusion, the implementation of policies at puskesmas has not gone well due to the lack of optimal implementation of preventive, detect, and response policies in controlling COVID-19. Therefore, suggestions that can be given are making a comprehensive SOP for handling COVID-19, strengthening communication strategies and community engagement, planning for surveillance officer estimates, and facilitating health workers to receive training programs.
In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks is one of the preventive measures recommended by WHO and has proven effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection. However, there are differences in the implementation of policies on the use of masks in various countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the description of face masks policy in various countries and the factors that influence the differences in policies in these countries. The method used in this research is a literature review using four online databases, namely PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The inclusion criteria applied in this study include: available in both Indonesian and English, literature published from 2020 to 2022, articles available in full-text form and focus on discussing differences in policies on the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries. This study uses 10 selected literature studies which show that there are 5 categories of face mask policies in various countries, namely; no policy, recommended, required in some public spaces, required in all public spaces, and required outdoors at all times. This study also found that the factors that influence the policy on the use of masks in various countries include COVID-19 epidemiological instruments differences, politics, policy demands, culture, and the level of vaccination achievement. In addition, it was also found that the policy on the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic is time dependent.
In 2018, according to Riskesdas data, the consumption of illegal alcoholic beverages in Indonesia dominated with a significant figure, reaching 66.2% of the total national alcohol consumption.. Excise policies have been identified as an effective tool for controlling consumption and supporting public health management. This study utilizes a literature review method by sourcing data from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Fourteen articles published in the last ten years (2014–2024) were included. The results from the 14 included studies indicate that well-designed excise policies, accompanied by strong distribution monitoring, can significantly reduce illegal alcohol consumption while simultaneously increasing state revenue. Additionally, public education on the health risks of consuming illegal alcohol has proven to be a key factor in the success of control policies. Countries that have implemented monitoring and control policies for illegal alcoholic beverages have adopted excise rates using specific excise systems based on the volume or ethanol content in the product (e.g., rates per liter according to alcohol category) and ad valorem excise taxes based on the product's price percentage. This is particularly suitable for developing countries with high inflation as it protects the tax base from inflationary effects. The analysis in the discussion suggests that excessively high excise rates can lead to substitution effects toward illegal products. The implications of excise policies in the health sector include a reduction in illegal alcohol consumption due to increased product prices, encouraging consumers to switch to healthier beverages. This leads to a decreased prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, as well as cost savings in healthcare expenditures for treating such illnesses. In the socio-economic sector, excise policies contribute to increasing state revenue and reducing crime rates.
Premarital screening is defined as testing couples who are going to be married in orderto prevent common genetic blood disease and infectious disease that may affect their nextgeneration. Some people might look healthy but they might be a carrier for hereditarydisease. This tresearch focused on policies concerning on premarital screening inIndonesia and other countries. The research uses Literature Review (LR) with descriptiveapproach. The result is PHE in Indonesia is still far from other countries implementationof PHE. Evaluation of PHE policy is needed to support PHE, ensure intervention healthpromotion to raise awareness and attitude of PHE.Key words:Premarital screening; marriage; implementation.
