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One of the nutritional problems in children under five is the main priority is stunting.Stunting in toddlers is caused by chronic malnutrition from the beginning ofdevelopment where the consequences are permanent. Stunting problems can have long-term effects on individuals and communities, including reduced cognitive, physical,productive and poor health, and an increased risk of degenerative diseases. The purposeof this study was to determine factors related to stunting incidence in toddlers in WestSumatera Province in 2017. This study uses secondary data Monitoring Nutrition Statusof West Sumatera Province with cross sectional study design and 6421 children underfive years old. Processing and data analysis using chi-square test (bivariate) andmultiple logistic regression test prediction model (multivariate). The result of statisticaltest shows that there is a significant relationship between toddler age, sex, mother'sheight, mother education, number of household member and residence area withstunting in children. Toddler age is the most dominant factor with stunting incidence intoddlers. It is recommended to support the improvement of public nutritionimprovement program budget in the effort to overcome the problem of stunting andarrange the program activity according to the need in the field and pay attention to thenutritional requirement of children according to the age stage.Keywords: Stunting, Toddler 0-59 month, West Sumatera.
Status gizi baik anak baduta keluarga miskin merupakan suatu keadaan bahwa diantara anak baduta yang hidup di lingkungan dan kondisi dengan sosial ekonomi yang rendah terdapat anak baduta dengan status gizi baik (63,9%). Dalam situasi dan tekanan ekonomi yang terjadi mereka dapat beradaptasi untuk bertahan dan mempunyai kemampuan untuk tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik dibandingkan dengan anak-anak lainya. Faktor-¬faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak baduta gakin antara lain karakteristik ibu (pengetahuan gizi, pendidikan, pekerjaan), karakteristik anak (berat lahir, umur awal pemberian MP-ASI), karakteristik keluarga (jumlah anggota keluarga, keadaan rumah tinggal, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, urutan anak, biaya pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga), pola makan (konsumsi energi, konsumsi protein, status pemberian ASI), riwayat penyakit infeksi (ISPA, diare), pola asuh (gizi, kesehatan). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui garnbaran status gizi anak baduta keluarga miskin di wilayah Puskesmas Sambas dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak baduta tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 190 orang (total sampel) dan untuk melengkapi informasi dilakukan pendekatan kualitatif melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada kelompok ibu dengan anak status gizi baik dan kelompok ibu dengan anak status gizi kurang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik dan tingkat kemaknaan p≥0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi gizi baik anak baduta gakin 48,4%, pada analisis bivariat hubungan variabel pengetahuan gizi ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, berat lahir anak, umur awal pemberian MP-ASI, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, status pemberian ASI, riwayat penyakit infeksi, perilaku gizi dan kesehatan ibu dengan status gizi anak baduta secara staistik terbukti bermakna dengan (p<0,05), sedangkan hubungan keadaan rumah tinggal, urutan anak, konsumsi energi protein dengan status gizi anak baduta tidak terbukti bermakna dengan (p>0,O5). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang paling menonjol (dominan) adalah umur awal pemberian MP¬ASI setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pengetahuan gizi ibu, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, berat tahir anak dart penyakit infeksi. Berdasarkan basil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa proporsi gizi baik makin menurun dan adanya beberapa faktor dominan yang berperan terhadap status gizi baik anak baduta di daerah miskin. Oleh karena itu maka saran lebih ditujukan pada usaha-usaha promosi gizi dan kesehatan terutama menyangkut faktor-faktor tersebut oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sambas.Untuk Puskesmas perlu dipikirkan berbagai cara pendekatan dalam rangka penjangkauan kelompok berisiko seperti bumil, ibu menyusui, WUS sehingga informasi mengenai gizi dan kesehatan akan dapat dengan mudah disebarkan dan diserap antara lain dengan menambah frekuensi penyuluhan terutama kelompok rawan gizi di daerah miskin.
Good nutrient status of under two years old children of poor families is a condition that among under two years old children living in an environment and low social economic condition there are under two years old children possessing good nutrient status (63.9%). In the situation with such economical pressure, they can adapt to survive and having good ability to grow and develop compared to other children. Factors related to the good nutrient status of this under two years old children are characteristic of mother ( nutrient knowledge, education, occupation), children's characteristic (born weight, age of first complementary food consumption), family's characteristic ( number of family member, situation of the house, number of children under five years old in the family, order of children, spending budget for food), food pattern (energy consumption, protein consumption, status of mother's milk consumption), history of infectious disease (respiratory tract infection, diarrhea), caring pattern (nutrition, health). The purposes of the research were to describe the nutrient status of under two years old children of the poor families in the local area of Sambas Public Health Centre and to determine factors related with good nutrient status of the under two years old children. The research used cross sectional design with totally 190 persons as sample and for completion of information, qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussion in the. group of mother possessing children with good nutrition status and with bad nutrition status was performed. The obtained data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate with regression logistic test using degree of significance p ?0,05. The research results showed that proportion of under two years children possessing good nutrient was 48.4%. Based on bivariate analysis, statistically there is significant correlation of nutrient knowledge of mother, mother education, mother occupation, children born weight, age of first complementary food consumption - mother' milk, number of family member, number of children under five years old in the family, status of mother's milk consumption, history of infectious disease, nutrient behavior and mother's health with the nutrient status of under two year old children (p<0,05). However, there is not significant correlation of house situation, order of children, energy consumption, protein consumption with the nutrient status of under two years old children (p>0,05). Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant variable was age of first complementary food consumption-mother's milk) after controlled by variable of nutrient knowledge of mother, number of children under five years old in the family, children born weight and infectious disease. Based on the research's results, it is concluded that the proportion of good nutrient get lower and someof dominant factors contributing to good nutrient status of under two years children in poor area were observed. Therefore, the Public Health Service of the city of Sambas is suggested to carry out promotion of nutrition and health, approach ways to reach the risk groups such as pregnant women, breast feeding mother and women in productive age, so that information about nutrition and health is spread and absorbed easily by adding the frequency of illumination especially to the nutrition disturbed groups in the poor area.