Ditemukan 30720 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Pendahuluan : Serologi positif IgG mengindikasikan infeksi kronis dari Toxoplasma gondii. Perilaku seksual dianggap sebagai faktor risiko infeksi Toxoplasma gondii, karena adanya temuan keberadaan parasit ini pada cairan semen dan ejakulasi. Hal ini menjadi landasan dalam menjelaskan hubungan infeksi T. gondii dengan hubungan seks oral. Selain itu, infeksi parasit ini berhubungan dengan konsumsi bahan pangan asal hewan, khususnya daging ternak ruminansia yang dimasak dengan tidak matang. Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dan merancang model prediksi serologi positif IgG Toxoplasma gondii pada pasien HIV/AIDS yang menjalani terapi ARV di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi yang mendapatkan pendampingan dari yayasan pendamping pasien HIV/AIDS. Metode Penelitian : Desain studi penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang. Subyek Penelitian adalah 197 pasien HIV. Status serologi IgG positif Toxoplasma gondii diukur menggunakan pemeriksaan ELISA. Hubungan seks oral, hubungan seks anal, konsumsi bahan pangan asal hewan yang dimasak tidak matang (daging ternak ruminansia, daging unggas, ikan dan udang, seafood), konsumsi sayuran mentah, pemeriksaan Toxoplasma gondii pada kucing peliharaan, keberadaan feses kucing di sekitar rumah, kebiasaan tidak mencuci tangan setelah kontak dengan tanah, dan kepemilikan tato merupakan perilaku dan kondisi lingkungan yang diduga menjadi faktor risiko serologi positif IgG Toxoplasma gondii. Hasil Penelitian: Prevalensi serologi positif IgG Toxoplasma gondii pada pasien HIV yang menjalani terapi ARV di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, dan Bekasi yang mendapatkan pendampingan dari 4 yayasan pendamping pasien HIV/AIDS adalah 65,48%. Hubungan seks oral (aPR:1,56; β:0,446; 95%CI:1,05-2,31;p<0,026) dan konsumsi daging ternak ruminansia bakar (aPR:4,89; β:1,585; 95%CI:2,51-9,50;p<0,001) merupakan faktor risiko serologi positif IgG Toxoplasma gondii. Analisis permodelan menghasilkan model Prediksi Serologi IgG Toxoplasma gondii pada pasien HIV yang menjalani terapi ARV dan mendapatkan pendampingan dari 4 yayasan pendamping pasien HIV di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, dan Bekasi. Status serologi tersebut dapat diukur menggunakan pengamatan hubungan seks oral dan konsumsi daging ruminansia bakar. Model ini memiliki tingkat akurasi, sensitivitas, dan spesifisitas model prediksi ini mencapai 87,31%, 97,67%, dan 67,65%. Kesimpulan : Hubungan seks oral dan konsumsi daging ruminansia bakar merupakan faktor risiko serologi positif IgG Toxoplasma gondii pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Proses penapisan (screening) untuk memperkirakan status serologi IgG Toxoplasma gondii, dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur hubungan seks oral dan konsumsi daging ruminansia bakar, bersamaan dengan pemeriksaan HIV. Rujukan pemeriksaan serologi Toxoplasma gondii direkomendasikan untuk diberikan kepada pasien HIV/AIDS yang berhubungan seks oral dan mengonsumsi daging ruminansia bakar. Keywords : Toxoplasma gondii; hiv; sexual behaviour; risk factor; prediction model
Introduction: IgG-positive serology indicates Toxoplasma gondii chronic infection. Sexual behaviour is considered a risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection, due to the presence of this parasite in semen and ejaculate fluids. This finding explains the relationship between T. gondii infection and oral sex. Several studies stated that parasitic infection is related to the consumption of food of animal origin, especially ruminant livestock meat that is undercooked. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine risk factors and design a positive Serology Prediction Model for IgG Toxoplasma gondii in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ARV therapy in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi areas who receive assistance from HIV/AIDS foundations. Research Method: The design of this study uses a cross-section design. The research subjects were 197 HIV patients. The Serological Status of IgG positive for Toxoplasma gondii was measured using an ELISA methods. Oral sex, anal sex, consumption of food from undercooked animals (ruminant meat, poultry, fish and shrimp, seafood), consumption of raw vegetables, health monitoring in pet cats, the presence of cat faces around the house, the habit of not washing hands after contact with the ground, and the possession of tattoos are behaviours and environmental conditions that are suspected to be risk factors for positive serology IgG Toxoplasma gondii. Results: The prevalence of IgG Toxoplasma gondii positive serology in HIV patients undergoing ARV therapy in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi areas who received assistance from 4 HIV/AIDS patient companion foundations was 65.48%. Oral sex (aPR: 1.56; β: 0.446; 95%CI: 1.05-2.31; p<0.026) and consumption of grilled ruminant livestock (aPR: 4.89; β: 1.585; 95%CI: 2.51-9.50; p<0.001) is a positive serological risk factor for IgG Toxoplasma gondii. The modelling analysis produced a Serological Prediction model of IgG Toxoplasma gondii in HIV patients undergoing ARV therapy and received assistance from 4 HIV patient assistance foundations in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi areas. The serologic status can be measured using observation of oral sex and consumption of grilled ruminant meat. This model has the level of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of this prediction model reaching 87.31%, 97.67%, and 67.65%. Conclusion: Oral sex and consumption of grilled ruminant meat are risk factors for IgG Toxoplasma gondii positive serology in HIV/AIDS patients. The screening process to estimate the serological status of IgG Toxoplasma gondii can be done by measuring oral sex and consumption of grilled ruminant meat, along with HIV screening. Toxoplasma gondii serology test is recommended to be given to HIV/AIDS patients who have oral sex and consume grilled ruminant meat. Keywords : Toxoplasma gondii; HIV; sexual behaviour; risk factor; prediction model
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of retrovirus that infects and damages immune cells in the body. This virus targets and multiplies within CD4 lymphocyte cells, weakening and eventually destroying the immune system. Untreated HIV leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is associated with opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, in 2022 there were 90,956 HIV cases with 28,501 deaths reported. Cancer is a common disease among HIV patients, who have a 50-200 times higher risk compared to healthy individuals, highlighting the need to reduce cancer incidence through efforts such as providing HIV counselling services, administering ART treatment, and screening for opportunistic infections. This study aims to identify factors associated with cancer incidence in PLHIV using medical record data from Dharmais Cancer Hospital. The research employs a cross-sectional study design. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods, with chi-square tests and prevalence ratios (95% CI) presented. Based on the analysis, significant associations were found between total CD4 count, gender, and opportunistic infections. At Dharmais Cancer Hospital, the relative risk (OR) for total CD4 <200 was 3.843 (95% CI 1.741-8.484), for total CD4 200-499 was 0.595 (95% CI 0.348-1.007), for female PLHIV was 0.447 (95% CI 0.271-0.738), and for PLHIV with opportunistic infections was 0.327 (95% CI 0.248-0.431).
ABSTRAK Infeksi virus dengue masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia saat ini termasuk di Kota Banjarmasin dengan angka kematian yang tinggi, Tahun 2011 dilaporkan CFR 8,3% dimana sebagian besar pasien DBD ini dirawat di RSUD ULIN dan RSUD Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin, sementara penegakkan diagnosis sering sulit, apalagi dalam menilai apakah pada akhirnya akan terjadi shock (Dengue Shock syndrome) atau tidak. Peningkatan hematokrit, penurunan angka trombosit, leukosit dan serta perilaku pasien sebelum dirawat (lamanya sakit, rujukan) biasanya terjadi sebelum demam turun dan sebelum terjadinya shock. Hal ini merupakan diagnostik yang penting dan prognosis yang berharga dalam mendeteksi Dengue Shock Syndrome. Sehingga dengan mengetahui faktor resiko ini dapat mencegah/ mengurangi kematian Metode: Penelitian bersifat observasional dengan disain kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah penderita yang didiagnosis DSS berdasarkan diagnosis dokter yang merawat. Sedangkan kontrol adalah penderita yang didiagnosis sebagai tersangka DBD oleh dokter yang merawat. Data penelitian diperoleh dari data rekam medis dan formulir Kewaspadaan Dini Rumah Sakit (KD-RS) yang dirawat di RSUD ULIN dan RSUD Ansari Saleh dalam periode bulan April 2010 sampai Maret 2012. Rancangan analisis ditujukan untuk memperoleh nilai Odds Ratio (OR) dilanjutkan dengan multivariat analisis untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang dapat mendeteksi DSS sejak dini. Hasil Penelitian: Variabel yang signifikan secara statistik dan di masukkan ke dalam prediksi model akhir adalah Jenis Kelamin perempuan (OR=3,250 95% CI=1,178-8,970), hematokrit ≥25,97% (OR=7,86 95% CI=2,748-22,500) , leukosit ≤ 4764,47 (OR=3,826 95% CI=1,375-10,647), lama sakit ≥4 hari (OR=3,146 95% CI=1,179-8,397) dan rujukan dari puskesmas (OR=4,543 95% CI=1,700-12,139).Variabel yang paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Dengue shock syndrome adalah hematokrit. Dari hasil tersebut disarankan agar tenaga kesehatan dan akademisi perlu meningkatkan standar pelayanan penyakit yang lebih efektif dan efesien yang berisiko terjadinya Dengue Shock Syndrome.
ABSTRACT DHF is still a health problem in Indonesia is currently included in Banjarmasin city with a high mortality rate in 2011 was reported CFR 8.3% where the majority of dengue patients are treated at the Ulin Hospital and Ansari Saleh Hospital Banjarmasin, while the diagnosis is often difficult, especially in assessing whether it will eventually happen shock (dengue shock syndrome) or not. This is an important diagnostic and prognostic value in the detection of Dengue Shock Syndrome. So that by knowing these risk factors can prevent / reduce mortality. Methods: The study is an observational with case-control design. Cases are those who hospitalized and diagnosed as suspect Dengue haemorrhagic fever by clinicans using WHO criteria.Controls are those who hospitalized and diagnosed as suspect Dengue Haemorrhagic fever by the clinicans. Data were collected from medical records and (KD-RS) are treated in Ulin Hospital and Ansari Saleh Hospital in the period from April 2010 until March 2012. Analysis design is done to obtain Odds Ratio (OR) and followed by using multivariate logistic regression to determine risk factors that can detect early DSS. Consclusion: The significant variables in statistic manner and put into the final model predictions are increasing Female sex (OR=3,250 95% CI=1,178-8,970), haematocryt ≥25,97% (OR=7,86 95% CI=2,748-22,500) leukopenia ≤4764,47 (OR=3,826 95% CI=1,375-10,647), lengh of hospital ≥4 days (OR=3,146 95% CI=1,179-8,397) and referrals from Health centers (OR=4,543 95% CI=1,700- 12,139). From these results it is suggested that health professionals and academics need to improve service standards diseases more effectively and efficiently at risk of Dengue Shock Syndrome.
The progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in theworld is very progressive. Since found in 1981 until 2016 the number of cases hasreached tens of millions of lives. The number of new HIV infections in CirebonRegency has the same as the condition of the world. In 2017 the number of new casesincreased by 50% compared to 2009. The spread of HIV infection is still concentratedin the key population with the main transmission pattern through unsafe sex. Primaryprevention undertaken are early detection of a HIV status and counselling of riskfactors through Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) activities. This study aims todetermine the magnitude of the association between risky sexual behavior with HIVinfection on VCT Clients in Cirebon Regency.This was cross sectional study using secondary data of VCT in 2017. Thepopulation is clients who visit VCT clinic, doing pre-test counselling, HIV test andpost-test counselling. Clients are key populations (gay / MSM, customer sex workers,IDUs, sex workers, transgender, and prisoners), TB patients and legaly sex partner.Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate association between risky sexbehavior and HIV infection after controlled covariate variables.Nearly 3.0%. (85/2,858) of tested clients were positif HIV and 80.4%(2,299/2.858) client had risky sexual behavior. There was a significant associationbetween risky sex behavior and HIV infection on VCT clients in Cirebon Regency(Adjusted POR=2.23 (1.019-4.899) after controlling to gender.The proportion of risky sex behaviors in VCT clients is very high, VCT clientswho engage in sex-risk behaviors had a risk of 2.23 times for HIV infection comparedto VCT clients who do not engage in risky sexual behavior. It is recommended to theCirebon Health Office to improve promotive and preventive programs to enhancingcommunity knowledge and skills in preventing HIV infection, conducting outreachtraining in terms of regulatory and advocacy techniques, increasing the frequency ofVCT and improving the duration and quality of counselling in VCT.Key words:HIV, VCT, Risky sexual behavior, Cirebon Regency.
Sepsis neonatal merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas tersering pada neonatus. Ketepatan pemberian antibiotik empirik memegang peranan penting dalam keberhasilan terapi. Kegagalan terapi antibiotik yang biasanya dikaitkan dengan terapi empirik, terjadi jika tujuan pemberian antibiotik untuk mengatasi infeksi tidak tercapai, yang ditandai dengan menetapnya atau bahkan memburuknya manifestasi klinis infeksi pada pasien, namun definisi pasti belum ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengembangkan model prediksi dari faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kegagalan terapi antibiotik empirik lini I pada pasien sepsis neonatal di RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain kohort retrospektif pada 237 pasien dengan sepsis neonatal. Analisis multivariat dengan regressi poisson dilakukan untuk mendapatkan model akhir dari faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Selanjutnya dilakukan konversi nilai koefisien β menjadi nilai skor untuk membentuk model prediksi. Model akhir yang didapat dilakukan analisis diskriminasi dengan menilai area under curve (AUC) pada kurva receiver operating characteristics (ROC) dan titik potong yang optimal akan ditentukan berdasarkan total skor. Hasil penelitian diperoleh proporsi kegagalan terapi antibiotik empirik lini I sebesar 46,41%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kegagalan terapi antibiotik empirik lini I adalah berat lahir < 2500 gram (aRR 1,46, p-value 0,028, IK95% 1,04-2,05), tidak mendapat ASI (aRR 1,66, p-value <0,005, IK95% 1,28-2,14), rujukan (aRR 1,25, p-value 0,090, IK95% 0,96-1,63), leukosit yang tidak normal (aRR 1,31, p-value 0,080, IK95% 0,96-1,79), trombosit yang tidak normal (aRR 1,66, p-value <0,005, IK95% 1,30-2,12) dan netrofil yang tidak normal (aRR 1,47, p-value 0,003, IK95% 1,14-1,89). Model prediksi ini mempunyai nilai AUC 0,7661 (IK95% 0,70890 – 0,82013). Ditetapkan titik potong sebesar ≥ 29 dengan nilai sensitifitas 80,00% dan spesifisitas 62,20%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah model prediksi yang diperoleh cukup baik untuk memprediksi kegagalan terapi antibiotik empirik lini I. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain penelitian yang lebih baik menggunakan prediktor yang lebih spesifik.
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Accuracy in administering antibiotics empirically plays an important role in the success of therapy. Failure of antibiotic therapy, which is usually associated with empiric therapy, occurs if the goal of administering antibiotics to treat infection is not achieved, which is characterized by persistence or even worsening of the clinical infection manifested in the patient, but a definite definition has not been established. This study aims to identify and develop a predictive model of factors associated with failure of first line empiric antibiotic therapy in neonatal sepsis patients at RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro. The study was conducted with a retrospective cohort design on 237 patients with neonatal sepsis. Multivariate analysis with Poisson regression was carried out to obtain a final model of related factors. Next, the β coefficient value is converted into a score value to form a predictive model. The final model obtained by discrimination analysis is carried out by assessing the area under curve (AUC) on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the optimal cut point will be determined based on the total score. The results of the study showed that the proportion of failure of first line empirical antibiotic therapy was 46.41%. Factors associated with failure of first line empiric antibiotic therapy were birth weight < 2500 grams (aRR 1.46, p-value 0.028, 95%CI 1.04-2.05), not receiving breast milk (aRR 1.66, p -value <0.005, 95%CI 1.28-2.14), outborn (aRR 1.25, p-value 0.090, 95%CI 0.96-1.63), abnormal leucocite (aRR 1.31, p-value 0.080, CI95% 0.96-1.79), abnormal platelet values (aRR 1.66, p-value <0.005, 95%CI 1.30-2.12) and abnormal neutrophils (aRR 1.47, p-value 0.003, 95%CI 1.14-1.89). The predictive model has an AUC value of 0.7661 (95%CI 0,70890 – 0,82013). The cut point was set at ≥ 29 with a sensitivity value of 80.00% and specificity of 62.20%. The conclusion of this study is that the predictive model obtained is good enough to predict failure of first line empirical antibiotic therapy. Further research needs to be carried out with a better research design using more specific predictors.
Lymphedema is a chronic complication that commonly occurs after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and prediction model for lymphedema after ALND in advanced-stage breast cancer patients. This was a retrospective cohort design on 174 patients at Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Cox regression was used to identify significant risk factors for lymphedema. The prediction accuracy of the model was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The results showed that lymphedema was identified in 88/174 (50.6%) patients and most of them experienced lymphedema in the first 12 to 36 months after ALND. Risk factors associated with lymphedema include age, obesity, diabetes, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. The prediction model showed good sensitivity (80.2%) in the study population with an AUC value of 0.706 (95% CI 0.629-0.783; p-value < 0.05). It can be concluded that the prediction model developed in this study is good enough to be implemented by clinicians in estimating the risk of lymphedema, especially for advanced-stage breast cancer patients in our hospital.
