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Berat badan lahir rendah berkontribusi terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal, menjadikannya indikator penting kesehatan ibu dan anak. Data Riskesdas 2018 dan SKI 2023 menunjukkan prevalensi BBLR di Indonesia belum mengalami penurunan signifikan, dengan variasi antarwilayah, sehingga perlu penelitian tentang determinan BBLR berdasarkan regional. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder SKI 2023, dianalisis berdasarkan lima regional Indonesia menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil menunjukkan variasi proporsi BBLR antarregional, dengan Sulawesi tertinggi dan Sumatera terendah. Di Sumatera, faktor terkait BBLR adalah anemia, plasenta previa, kehamilan kembar, kelahiran prematur, dan interaksi kehamilan kembar dengan komplikasi. Di Jawa-Bali, faktor yang berhubungan adalah paritas, komplikasi kehamilan, kehamilan kembar, jenis kelamin, kelahiran prematur, dan kelahiran prematur yang berinteraksi dengan kehamilan kembar. Di Kalimantan, faktor terkait adalah usia ibu, paritas, komplikasi, serta interaksi kehamilan kembar dengan jenis kelamin dan kelahiran prematur. Di Sulawesi, faktor yang berhubungan adalah status ekonomi, pendidikan ibu, paritas, konsumsi tablet tambah darah, komplikasi, plasenta previa, kehamilan kembar, jenis kelamin, dan kelahiran prematur. Di Papua, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, faktor terkait adalah status ekonomi, paritas, komplikasi, dan interaksi kehamilan kembar dengan kelahiran prematur. Diperlukan intervensi berbasis wilayah untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil, terutama di Sulawesi, dengan fokus pada faktor risiko utama seperti kehamilan kembar, kelahiran prematur, dan anemia.
Low Birth Weight (LBW) contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality, making it an important indicator of maternal and child health. The 2018 Riskesdas data and the 2023 SKI reveal that the LBW prevalence in Indonesia has not significantly decreased, with regional variations, indicating the need for research on the regional determinants of LBW. This cross-sectional study uses secondary data from SKI 2023, analyzed across five regions in Indonesia using chi-square tests and logistic regression. The results show regional variations in LBW proportions, with Sulawesi having the highest and Sumatra the lowest prevalence. In Sumatra, factors associated with LBW include anemia, placenta previa, multiple pregnancies, prematurity, and interactions between multiple pregnancies and complications. In Java-Bali, factors associated with LBW include parity, pregnancy complications, multiple pregnancies, gender, prematurity, and the interaction between prematurity and multiple pregnancies. Kalimantan's related factors are maternal age, parity, complications, and interactions between multiple pregnancies, gender, and prematurity. In Sulawesi, factors related to LBW include maternal socioeconomic status, education, parity, iron supplement consumption, complications, placenta previa, multiple pregnancies, gender, and prematurity. Papua, Maluku, and Nusa Tenggara show associations with socioeconomic status, parity, complications, and interactions between multiple pregnancies and prematurity. Regional-based interventions are needed to improve maternal health services, especially in Sulawesi, with a focus on key risk factors such as multiple pregnancies, prematurity, and anemia.
Preterm birth is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality in Indonesia. It significantly contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality, thereby affecting the overall health indicators of the country. This study aims to identify the determinants of preterm birth in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. The data were obtained from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey using a cross-sectional study design. The study sample consisted of 32,288 ever-married women aged 10–54 years who had given birth in the last five years. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. The results showed that antenatal care (ANC) visits, multiple pregnancies, hypertension, and antepartum hemorrhage were significant determinants of preterm birth in both urban and rural areas. Maternal age, premature rupture of membranes, and mode of delivery were only associated with preterm birth in urban areas, while placenta previa was only significant in rural areas. Multiple pregnancies were the most dominant factor associated with preterm birth in both settings.
Background: Diarrhea remains a significant health problem globally and nationally. In Indonesia, West Java has a diarrhea prevalence of 11% among under-five children. This figure is the 5th highest nationally and the highest on Java Island. Various interventions have been implemented to reduce diarrhea rates in under-five children. However, the persistently high incidence of diarrhea in under-five children in West Java necessitates this research to identify the determinants of diarrhea incidence in under-five children in West Java. Methods: This study utilized SKI 2023 data with a total sample of 913 under-five children. A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data were analyzed using complex sample analysis, including univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. Results: Factors significantly associated with diarrhea incidence in under-five children in West Java were wastewater drainage (p-value 0.004; OR 2.188; CI 1.283-3.733) and handwashing facilities (p-value 0.044; OR 1.808; CI 1.017-3.213), while drinking water source and drinking water treatment were identified as confounding variables. Conclusion: Efforts to optimize community sanitation still need to be improved. Furthermore, prevention efforts need to be intensified to enhance the successful reduction of diarrhea prevalence in under-five children in West Java.
Pneumonia is the leading causes of death among children under five in Indonesia. Exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation are recommended strategies for preventing pneumonia. Although the coverage of both has reached national targets, the prevalence of pneumonia increased from 4.8% in 2018 to 15% in 2023. This study aimed to examine the association between exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation with the incidence of pneumonia among children aged 12–23 months in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design based on data from 2023 SKI. Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results showed no statistically significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation with pneumonia incidence. However, after considering interaction variables and controlling for confounding variables (child’s sex, history of diarrhea, and drinking water source), an increased risk of pneumonia was found among children who were not exclusively breastfed (AOR: 1.466; 95% CI: 0.928–2.315), although the association was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the association between vitamin A supplementation and pneumonia became statistically significant (AOR: 3.029; 95% CI: 1.339–6.852). Therefore, strengthening educational programs through community empowerment is needed as a promotive-preventive strategy to improve exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A practices in efforts to prevent pneumonia in children.
Latar Belakang: KB memiliki sejarah keberhasilan dalam meningkatkan pemakaian kontrasepsi modern dalam waktu relatif pendek, yaitu dari 10% di awal dekade 1970-an menjadi sekitar 60% di awal 2000-an. Namun, pada kurun waktu tersebut hingga 2017 terjadi pergeseran dominasi metode kontrasepsi yang digunakan oleh perempuan usia subur berstatus kawin, yaitu dari penggunaan metode kontrasepsi yang beragam menjadi dominasi Non MKJP, khususnya suntik KB.
Metode: Analisis data sekunder dilakukan dengan menggunakan data SKI tahun 2023. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan interval kepercayaan 95% digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel.
Hasil: Cakupan penggunaan MKJP pada perempuan usia subur berstatus kawin di Indonesia dalam penelitian ini mencapai 28,8%. Hasil analisis multivariabel menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki hubungan secara statistik antara lain adalah usia, pendidikan responden, status pekerjaan responden, paritas, status ekonomi, wilayah administratif, pendidikan pasangan, dan konseling KB.
Kesimpulan: Semakin tingginya tingkat pendidikan yang ditempuh oleh seorang perempuan, semakin tinggi juga peluang yang dimilikinya untuk menggunakan MKJP. Hal ini disebabkan karena dengan tingkat pendidikan tersebut perempuan akan cenderung lebih mudah memahami informasi dan manfaat MKJP, serta memiliki kapasitas lebih besar dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait kontrasepsi. Oleh karenanya, peningkatan akses dan kualitas informasi dapat menjadi salah satu strategi yang dapat mendorong penggunaan MKJP secara lebih luas.a
Background: The family planning program has a history of success in increasing the use of modern contraceptives within a relatively short period, rising from 10% in the early 1970s to around 60% in the early 2000s. However, during that period up to 2017, there was a shift in the dominant contraceptive methods used by women of reproductive age—from a variety of methods to a dominance of non-long-acting and permanent methods (non-LARCs), particularly injectable contraceptives. Method: The proportion of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among women of reproductive age in Indonesia in this study reached 28.8%. The multivariable analysis showed that several variables were statistically associated with LARC use, including age, respondent’s education, respondent’s employment status, parity, economic status, administrative region, partner’s education, and FP counseling. Results: Women with a secondary education level are more likely to use long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs). This is because, at this level of education, women tend to better understand information regarding the benefits of LARCs and have greater capacity in making decisions related to contraception. Therefore, improving access to and the quality of information may serve as an effective strategy to promote broader use of LARCs. Conclusion: The higher the level of education attained by a woman, the greater her likelihood of using long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs). This is because women at this education level tend to understand information about the benefits of LARCs more easily and have greater capacity in making decisions related to contraception. Therefore, improving access to and the quality of information can be an effective strategy to encourage wider use of LARCs.
Treatment adherence for tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major health challenges in TB control efforts in Indonesia. The proportion of TB patients adhering to treatment decreased from 69.2% in 2018 to 62.5% in 2023. In the DOTS strategy, one of the key efforts to improve treatment adherence is the presence of a Treatment Supervisor (Pengawas Menelan Obat or PMO). However, the proportion of TB patients with a PMO also declined from 66.2% to 62.1%. This study aims to examine whether the decline in PMO presence contributed to the decrease in treatment adherence among TB patients aged ≥15 years in Indonesia, using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia or SKI). The study design is cross-sectional, and analyses were conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results showed a significant association between the presence of a PMO and treatment adherence (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.39–8.93). After controlling for age, sex, education level, economic status, comorbid diabetes mellitus, and health insurance ownership, the presence of a PMO remained positively associated with adherence (AOR: 4.41; 95% CI: 2.18–8.90). These findings indicate that the presence of a PMO is relevant and essential for improving TB treatment adherence and success in Indonesia. The efforts to enhance patient adherence should also focus on optimizing the role and quality of PMO, whether from family members or healthcare providers.
Obesitas pada remaja meningkat secara global dan nasional. Hal ini menjadi perhatian khusus karena obesitas pada remaja dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit tidak menular lebih dini. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor aktivitas fisik dan pola makan dengan obesitas pada remaja 10—19 tahun menggunakan data SKI 2023 dan analisis regresi logistik berganda (96.721 responden). Hasil menunjukkan di perkotaan, tidak terdapat hubungan
antara aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas. Untuk pola makan, konsumsi makanan berlemak pada status kekayaan tertinggi (AOR= 1,38) dan konsumsi minuman bersoda (AOR= 0,584; 95% CI= 0,404—0,845) menunjukkan hubungan signifikan secara statistik dan menjadi faktor risiko di perkotaan. Di samping itu, di pedesaan, aktivitas fisik pada remaja berumur 10-13 tahun (AOR= 1,89) dan konsumsi makanan berlemak pada status kekayaan tertinggi (AOR= 2,25) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dan menjadi faktor risiko di pedesaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pencegahan lewat penguatan layanan preventif serta kolaborasi antar pihak dalam membentuk kebiasaan dan gaya hidup yang lebih sehat dalam menurunkan angka obesitas.
Adolescent obesity is increasing globally and nationally. This is of particular concern because obesity in adolescents can increase the risk of non-communicable diseases earlier. This study analyzed physical activity and dietary factors with obesity in adolescents 10-19 years old using SKI 2023 data and multiple logistic regression analysis (96,721 respondents). Results showed that in urban areas, there was no association between physical activity and obesity. For diet, consumption of fatty foods at the highest wealth status (AOR= 1.38) and consumption of soft drinks (AOR= 0.584; 95% CI= 0.404-0.845) showed statistically significant associations and were risk factors in urban areas. In addition, in rural areas, physical activity among adolescents aged 10-13 years (AOR= 1.89) and consumption of fatty foods at the highest wealth status (AOR= 2.25) had statistically significant associations and were risk factors in rural areas. Therefore, prevention efforts through strengthening preventive services and collaboration between parties in shaping healthier habits and lifestyles are needed to reduce obesity rates.
