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HIV tetap menjadi tantangan besar bagi kesehatan global. Meskipun telah terjadi penurunan infeksi baru dan peningkatan akses ke pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV), tantangan signifikan masih ada. Keberhasilan terapi ARV sangat ditentukan oleh kepatuhan minum obat ARV. Klinik PDP RSUD Brebes merupakan salah satu rumah sakit umum daerah yang menjalankan pengobatan HIV/AIDS yang ada di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat Gambaran Ketidakpatuhan Minum Obat ARV Pada Pasien HIV/AIDS Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL) Di Klinik PDP (Perawatan Dukungan & Pengobatan) RSUD Brebes. Untuk melihat gambaran ketidak patuhan minum obat ARV berdasarkan 6 komponen Health Belief Model yaitu Modifying Factors (Faktor Modifikasi), Perceived Susceptibility (Persepsi Kerentanan), Perceived Severity (Persepsi Keseriusan), Perceived Benefits (Persepsi Manfaat), Perceived Barriers (Persepsi Hambatan), Cues to Action (Isyarat untuk Bertindak) dan Self-Efficacy (Efikasi Diri). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih ditemukan ketidakpatuhan ODHIV LSL dalam pengambil obat di RSUD dan tidak rutin dalam minum obat ARV. Faktor Modifikasi yang mendukung pasien tidak patuh dalam pengobatan diantaranya pengetahuan dan sosial ekonomi. Persepsi Kerentanan terhadap tidak rutin minum obat ARV pasien akan merasakan badan tidak bersemangat dan mudah rentan dengan muncul penyakit-penyakit lain. Persepsi keseriusan akibat tidak rutin minum obat ARV, CD4 menurun, Viral Load meningkat, terjadi resisten obat ARV dan bisa mengakibatkan kematian. Persepsi manfaat yang dirasakan dari rutin minum obat ARV tubuh tetap sehat dan produktif. Hambatan yang dialami oleh pasien diantaranya efek samping obat, biaya pengobatan, jarak, pekerjaan, konsumsi alkohol/penggunaan popers, merasa diri sudah sehat dan belum buka status HIV dengan keluarga, menggunakan alaram, pengingat dari whatssap grup, sering berdiskusi dengan sesama sebaya dan konseling rutin dari petugas kesehatan merupakan isyarat untuk bertindak demikian juga dengan keyakinan diri untuk bisa minum obat ARV secara teratur.
HIV remains a major challenge for global health. Despite a decrease in new infections and increased access to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, significant challenges persist. The success of ARV therapy is highly dependent on adherence to ARV medication. The PDP Clinic at RSUD Brebes is one of the regional public hospitals providing HIV/AIDS treatment in Brebes Regency, Central Java. This study aims to examine the Non-Adherence to ARV Medication among HIV/AIDS Patients who are Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) at the PDP (Care, Support & Treatment) Clinic of RSUD Brebes. It aims to explore non-adherence to ARV medication based on the six components of the Health Belief Model: Modifying Factors, Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, and Self-Efficacy. This research is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. The study shows that non-adherence among MSM HIV patients in taking medication at RSUD is still found, and they are not consistent in taking ARV medication. Modifying factors that contribute to non-adherence include knowledge and socioeconomic status. Perceived susceptibility to not regularly taking ARV medication includes feeling unenergetic and being more susceptible to other diseases. The perceived severity of not regularly taking ARV medication includes decreased CD4 count, increased viral load, ARV drug resistance, and potential death. The perceived benefits of regularly taking ARV medication include maintaining health and productivity. Barriers experienced by patients include medication side effects, treatment costs, distance, work, alcohol consumption/poppers use, feeling healthy, and not disclosing HIV status to family. Using alarms, reminders from WhatsApp groups, frequent discussions with peers, and regular counseling from healthcare workers are cues to action, along with self-confidence to regularly take ARV medication. Key words: HIV/AIDS, ARV Therapy, Non-compliance, MSM
One of the causes of infant mortality in Indonesia is infection. Immunization is an effective way to provide additional immunity to infants, protecting them from infections. Low immunization coverage can potentially lead to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD). Therefore, strategies are needed to catch up, recover, and strengthen the system sustainably, thereby increasing basic immunization coverage. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with the status of complete basic immunization among children in Indonesia. The study design used was cross-sectional, utilizing data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The study results found that the proportion of complete basic immunization coverage in Indonesia was only 32.4%. Statistical analysis showed that mother’s age (PR: 1,958; 95% CI: 1,15-3,33), maternal education level (PR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.18–1.44), ownership of health insurance (PR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.41–1.38), place of delivery (PR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77–2.86), frequency of ANC visits (PR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.47–1.77), residence location (PR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.38–1.67), and paternal education level (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09–1.32) were associated with the status of complete basic immunization in Indonesia.
Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian balita di Indonesia. Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023, prevalensi pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia sebesar 15%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita usia 12–59 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan data sekunder dari SKI 2023. Sampel berjumlah 33.132 balita usia 12–59 bulan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia adalah umur balita 24–59 bulan (OR=0,72; 95%CI: 0,57–0,90), jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR=1,36; 95%CI: 1,09–1,69), riwayat BBLR (OR=1,70; 95%CI: 1,15–2,53), status imunisasi DPT-HB-Hib lengkap (OR=1,79; 95%CI: 1,00–3,21), dan riwayat penyakit sebelumnya (OR=10,28; 95%CI: 8,27–12,77). Pada karakteristik ibu, pendidikan tinggi berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia (OR=1,41; 95%CI: 1,10–1,81). Faktor lingkungan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan, sedangkan balita dari keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi atas memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena pneumonia (OR=1,50; 95%CI: 1,05–2,13). Kesimpulan: Pencegahan pneumonia perlu difokuskan pada kelompok risiko seperti balita laki-laki, usia 24–59 bulan, riwayat BBLR, riwayat penyakit sebelumnya, dan peningkatan edukasi pada ibu serta keluarga dengan status ekonomi tinggi.
Kata kunci: Pneumonia, Balita, Faktor Risiko, SKI 2023
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality among children under five in Indonesia. Based on the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of pneumonia among children under five was 15%. This study aims to identify the factors associated with pneumonia among children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia. This research employs a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2023 SKI. The sample consisted of 33,132 children aged 12–59 months. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results show that factors associated with pneumonia include being aged 24–59 months (OR=0.72; 95%CI: 0.57–0.90), male gender (OR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.09–1.69), a history of low birth weight (OR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.15–2.53), incomplete DPT-HB-Hib immunization (OR=1.79; 95%CI: 1.00–3.21), and a history of previous illnesses (OR=10.28; 95%CI: 8.27–12.77). Among maternal characteristics, a higher education level was associated with pneumonia incidence (OR=1.41; 95%CI: 1.10–1.81). Environmental factors were not significantly associated, while children from families with higher socioeconomic status had a greater risk of pneumonia (OR=1.50; 95%CI: 1.05–2.13). In conclusion, pneumonia prevention efforts should focus on high-risk groups, including male children, those aged 24–59 months, those with a history of low birth weight or previous illnesses, and families with higher maternal education and higher socioeconomic status. Keywords: Pneumonia, Under-Five Children, Risk Factors, SKI 2023
ABSTRAK Analisi data sekunder Riskesdas 2010 mengidentifikasi kejadian komplikasi pasca persalinan di Indonesia. Sampel 9665 wanita yang berumur 10 – 59 tahun pernah kawin, hamil dan melahirkan anak terakhir dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terkahir sebelum survai dan memiliki data lengkap sesuai dengan variabel yang akan diteliti. Variabel dependen komplikasi pasca persalinan. Hasil penelitian faktor yang berhubungan dengan komplikasi pasca persalinan, riwayat komplikasi kehamilan (OR = 2,18; 95% CI : 1,18– 2,63; P value : 0,0001); riwayat komplikasi persalinan (OR = 3,01; 95% CI : 2,66–3,40; P value : 0,000) dan penolong persalinan (OR = 1,32; 95% CI : 1,14–1,52; P value : 0,0001). Riwayat komplikasi persalinan merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan, dengan nilai p 0,0001 dan OR 3,01. Memberikan perhatian khusus pada ibu hamil yang memiliki riwayat komplikasi baik kehamilan maupun persalinan, sehingga dapat dilakukan penanganan secara dini terhadap komplikasi pasca persalinan.
ABSTRACT In depth analysis of the Riskesdas data 2010 identifity determinants of postpartum complication in Indonnesia. The sampel was taken 9.665 women aged 10-59 years old have been married, pregnant and gave birth to the last child in the last 5 years prior to the survey and had complete data in accordance with the variables to be studied. Dependent variable postpartum complications. The results of factors associated with postpartum complications, history of pregnancy complications (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.63, P value: 0.000), a history of birth complications (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.66 to 3.40, P value: 0.000) and birth attendants (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.52, P value: 0.000). It was found that history of childbirth complications was the main factor in postpartum complication with p 0.0001 and OR 3.01. Giving special attention to pregnant women who have a history of either pregnancy or childbirth complications, so it can be done early treatment of complications after delivery.