Abstrak:

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Abstrak:

Stunting memiliki dampak jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Stunting disebabkan oleh banyak factor. Air, sanitasi, dan lingkungan berkontribusi 50% sebagai penyebab stunting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sanitasi dan hygiene terhadap stunting pada balita di Papua Tengah, NTT, dan Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Data dari SKI 2023 dengan sampel 5.666 (pasangan balita dan ibu balita). Proporsi kejadian stunting di Provinsi Papua Tengah (35,8%), NTT (33,3%) dan Aceh (27,7%).Variabel yang mempengaruhi stunting di Papua Tengah adalah sumber air minum, penggunaan jamban, pengelolaan sampah, CTPS, tinggi ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan daerah tempat tinggal. Variabel yang mempengaruhi stunting di NTT adalah sumber air minum, penggunaan jamban, pembuangan limbah, pengelolaan sampah, CTPS, BB lahir, PB lahir, jenis kelamin, tinggi ibu, LILA ibu, pendidikan ibu, dan daerah tempat tinggal. Variabel yang mempengaruhi stunting di Aceh adalah pengelolaan sampah, PB lahir, tinggi ibu, dan LILA ibu. Factor sanitasi lingkungan dan kebersihan diri yang paling mempengaruhi stunting di Papua Tengah adalah sumber air minum dengan AOR 3,4 (95% CI: 1,7 – 6,7), di NTT dan Aceh adalah pengelolaan sampah dengan AOR masing-masing 1,4 (95% CI: 0,8 – 2,4) dan 1,1 (95% CI: 0,9 – 1,4) setelah dikontrol variabel lainnya. Bagi pemerintah, diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan pemerataan akses sanitasi dan air bersih dengan meningkatkan kerjasama instansi terkait. Bagi Dinas Kesehatan diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan program STBM, peningkatkan pengawasan air minum, dan meningkatkan promkes tentang PHBS.

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Stunting has short-term and long-term impacts. Stunting is caused by many factors. Water, sanitation, and environment contribute 50% as the cause of stunting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sanitation and hygiene on stunting in toddlers in Central Papua, NTT, and Aceh. The study used a cross-sectional design. Data from SKI 2023 with a sample of 5,666 (toddler and toddler mother pairs). The proportion of stunting incidents in Central Papua Province (35.8%), NTT (33.3%) and Aceh (27.7%). The variables that affect stunting in Central Papua are drinking water sources, use of latrines, waste management, CTPS, maternal height, number of family members, and area of residence. The variables that affect stunting in NTT are drinking water sources, use of latrines, waste disposal, waste management, CTPS, birth weight, birth weight, gender, maternal height, maternal LILA, maternal education, and area of residence. The variables that affect stunting in Aceh are waste management, birth weight, maternal height, and maternal LILA. The environmental sanitation and personal hygiene factors that most influence stunting in Central Papua are drinking water sources with an AOR of 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7 - 6.7), in NTT and Aceh are waste management with AORs of 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8 - 2.4) and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9 - 1.4) respectively after controlling for other variables. For the government, it is hoped that the results of this study can improve equal access to sanitation and clean water by increasing cooperation between related agencies. For the Health Office, it is hoped that it can optimize the STBM program, increase supervision of drinking water, and improve health promotion on PHBS.

 

Abstrak: Gangguan pertumbuhan pada awal kehidupan termasuk stunting berdampak negatif jangka panjang pada banyak aspek kehidupan. Kelahiran ”4 Terlalu” diduga berisiko gangguan pertumbuhan dini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  menyediakan bukti baru keterkaitan antara kelahiran “4 Terlalu” dan risiko stunting menurut SKI 2023. Metode penelitian ini kuantitatif-analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sumber data SKI 2023 dengan populasi keluarga balita, jumlah sampel sebesar 61870 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square, regresi logistik sederhana dan berganda complex sample. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara “4 Terlalu” meliputi kelahiran wanita terlalu muda (< 20 tahun), terlalu dekat (jarak kehamilan < 24 bulan), terlalu banyak (paritas >=4) terhadap stunting dan stunting berat. Lebih lanjut, kelahiran dari wanita terlalu muda (< 20 tahun) berisiko lebih tinggi stunting [(AOR=1,24(95%CI=1,07 – 1,44)] setelah dikontrol status ekonomi, kelahiran dari wanita terlalu muda (< 20 tahun) berisiko lebih tinggi stunting berat [(AOR=1,65(95%CI=1,27 – 2,15)] setelah dikontrol tinggi badan dan LILA wanita dan kelahiran terlalu banyak [AOR=0,88 (95%CI=0,78 – 0,99)] berisiko lebih rendah stunting berat setelah dikontrol wilayah. Diperlukan kampanye edukasi perencanaan kehamilan sehat sebelum pra-konsepsi bagi calon pengantin dan remaja putri memanfaatkan peer-educator khusus di daerah replecement rate tinggi dan prevalensi stunting tinggi, peningkatan akses dan kualitas layanan KB serta penguatan intervensi gizi dengan memperkuat implementasi program makan bergizi gratis bagi wanita hamil dan menyusui.

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Early life growth disorders, including stunting, have long-term negative impacts on many aspects of life. The birth of "4 Too" is thought to be at risk of disrupting early life growth. The purpose of this study was to provide new evidence of the association between the birth of "4 Too" and the risk of stunting according to SKI 2023. This research method is quantitative-analytical with a cross-sectional design. The data source is SKI 2023 with a population of toddler families; the number of samples is 61870 respondents. Data analysis using the chi-square test, simple logistic regression, and complex multiple samples. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between "4 Too", including the birth of a mother who is too young (<20 years), too close (birth spacing <24 months), too many (parity >=4) to stunting and severe stunting. Furthermore, births from mothers who are too young (<20 years) have a higher risk of stunting [(AOR=1.24(95%CI=1.07 - 1.44)] after controlling for economic status, births from too young mothers (<20 years) have a higher risk of severe stunting [(AOR=1.65(95%CI=1.27 - 2.15)] after controlling for maternal height and MUAC and too many births [AOR=0.88 (95%CI=0.78 - 0.99)] lower risk of severe stunting after controlling for region. A pre-conception healthy pregnancy planning education campaign is needed for prospective brides and young women utilizing special peer educators in areas with high replacement rates and high stunting prevalence, increasing access to and quality of family planning services, and strengthening nutritional interventions by strengthening the implementation of makan bergizi gratis (MBG) program for pregnant and lactating women.

Abstrak:

Tujuan: Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk memperkirakan kejadian hipertensi serta pengaruh indeks massa tubuh terhadap kejadian hipertensi penduduk umur ≥ 25 tahun di Indonesia yang pada awalnya bebas hipertensi. Prevalensi hipertensi menunjukkan peningkatan selama beberapa periode. Sejalan dengan peningkatan hipertensi, prevalensi overweight dan obesitas juga mengalami peningkatan. Metode: 12623 penduduk umur ≥ 25 tahun pada IFLS4-2007 yang diambil dari kerangka sampel IFLS2-1997 yang bebas hipertensi. Indeks massa tubuh diukur berdasarkan berat badan dibagi tinggi badan dikuadratkan. Sedangkan hipertensi didefinisikan sebagai tekanan darah sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. Hasil: Kejadian/insiden hipertensi yang pada sampel awal tahun 1997 0% menjadi 21,8% pada tahun 2007. Rata-rata indeks massa tubuh awal pada IFLS2-1997 adalah 21,0 kg/m 2 . Setelah follow up 10 tahun (IFLS4-2007) rata-rata indeks massa tubuh mengalami peningkatan menjadi 22,8 kg/m 2 . Indeks massa tubuh pada kelompok obesitas (IMT ≥ 30,0 kg/m 2 ) setelah dikontrol ix Universitas Indonesia umur, IMT terkini, status perkawinan, status pekerjaan, konsumsi ikan asin, dan kolesterol memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kejadian hipertensi dengan risiko relatif (RR) 1,34 (95% CI: 1,04-1,73). Kata kunci : Indonesia, hipertensi, indeks massa tubuh.

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Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of hypertension and body mass index effect on the incidence of hypertension population aged ≥ 25 years in Indonesia, which were initially free of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension showed an increase over several periods. In line with the increase in hypertension, the prevalence of overweight and obesity are also increasing. Method: 12623 population aged ≥ 25 years at IFLS4-2007 samples drawn from IFLS21997 framework that is free of hypertension. Body mass index is measured by weight divided by height squared. While hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Results: The incident of hypertension in the initial sample of 1997 0% to 21.8% in 2007. The average initial body mass index on IFLS2-1997 was 21.0 kg/m2. After 10 years of follow-up (IFLS4-2007) the average body mass index increased to 22.8 kg/m2. Body mass index in obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) after controlling for age, current BMI, marital status, employment status, salted fish consumption, and cholesterol have a significant influence on the incidence of hypertension with a relative risk (RR) 1.34 (95% CI: 1.04 - 1.73). Key words: Indonesia, hypertension, body mass index.

Abstrak: ABSTRACTKehamilan dengan jarak terlalu dekat merupakan salah satu faktor tidak langsung kematian ibu. Alat kontrasepsi yang dianjurkan untuk wanita yang ingin menjarangkan kehamilan yaitu Intra Uterine Device (IUD) yang merupakan metode kontrasepsi non hormonal dan lebih efektif dibanding MKJP lainnya. Namun, penggunaannya di Indonesia terus menurun. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui determinan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi IUD pada akseptor KB yang ingin menjarangkan kehamilan. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan data SDKI Tahun 2012. Kriteria inklusi penelitian adalah WUS yang ingin menjarangkan kehamilan dan menggunakan kontrasepsi saat survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan merupakan faktor dominan terhadap penggunaan IUD pada akseptor KB yang ingin menjarangkan kehamilan. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan signifikan terhadap penggunaan IUD adalah status ekonomi, pengetahuan KB, pengambilan keputusan KB, dan tempat pelayanan, sedangkan umur dan wilayah tempat tinggal sebagai variabel konfounding. Oleh karena itu, penguatan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi (KIE) tentang IUD kepada wanita dan pasangan, sosialisasi pelayanan IUD gratis pada golongan ekonomi bawah diperlukan sebagai upaya wanita yang ingin menjarangkan kehamilan berkenan menggunakan IUD.

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ABSTRACT;Pregnancy distance which too close is one of the indirect factors for maternal mortality. Contraception methode that recommended for women who wants spacing their pregnancy is Intra Uterine Device (IUD). IUD is a non-hormonal contrapcetion methode and more effective than the other long-term contraception methodes (MKJP). However, the use in Indonesia continues to decline. The study was conducted to determine IUD use of family planning user who wants spacing pregnancy. The study uses cross-sectional study design and the data Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. The study has an inclusion criteria which reproductive age women who wants spacing pregnancy and using contraception when the survey was conducted. Results showed that education is dominant factor for IUD use of family planning user who wants spacing pregnancy. Others factors that associate significantly for IUD use are economy level, knowledge about family planning, decision maker for family planning, and family planning service provider, while age and region as confounding variable. Therefore, strengthened communication, informastion, and education (KIE) about IUD for women and her partner, socialization of free IUD services for low level economy required in order to raise IUD use of women who wants spacing pregnancy., Pregnancy distance which too close is one of the indirect factors for maternal mortality. Contraception methode that recommended for women who wants spacing their pregnancy is Intra Uterine Device (IUD). IUD is a non-hormonal contrapcetion methode and more effective than the other long-term contraception methodes (MKJP). However, the use in Indonesia continues to decline. The study was conducted to determine IUD use of family planning user who wants spacing pregnancy. The study uses cross-sectional study design and the data Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. The study has an inclusion criteria which reproductive age women who wants spacing pregnancy and using contraception when the survey was conducted. Results showed that education is dominant factor for IUD use of family planning user who wants spacing pregnancy. Others factors that associate significantly for IUD use are economy level, knowledge about family planning, decision maker for family planning, and family planning service provider, while age and region as confounding variable. Therefore, strengthened communication, informastion, and education (KIE) about IUD for women and her partner, socialization of free IUD services for low level economy required in order to raise IUD use of women who wants spacing pregnancy.

Abstrak:

Kehamilan tidak diinginkan (KTD) masih menjadi tantangan serius dalam isu kesehatan reproduksi di Indonesia. Berbagai faktor telah diidentifikasi berperan dalam meningkatnya risiko KTD, termasuk faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan akses terhadap layanan kontrasepsi. Namun, aspek hubungan interpersonal dalam rumah tangga, seperti konflik domestik, masih jarang dikaji secara mendalam sebagai faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konflik domestik dan kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada wanita usia subur (WUS) yang sudah menikah di Indonesia, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor lain yang turut memengaruhi kejadian KTD.
Studi ini merupakan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Pemutakhiran Pendataan Keluarga Tahun 2024 Kementerian Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga (Kemendukbangga)/BKKBN. Desain yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional, dengan sampel sebanyak 91.895 WUS yang sedang hamil dan memiliki data lengkap. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah KTD, sedangkan variabel independen utama adalah konflik domestik. Analisis menggunakan complex sample dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi-square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda model faktor risiko.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan sebanyak 14,8% WUS mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Proporsi KTD lebih tinggi pada perempuan yang mengalami konflik domestik (20,9%) dibandingkan yang tidak (14,7%), dengan OR 1,533 (95% CI: 1,248 – 1,884). Setelah dilakukan uji interaksi dan konfounding, konflik domestik tetap menjadi faktor yang signifikan terhadap KTD, dengan AOR sebesar 1,533 (95% CI: 1,248 – 1,884). Dengan demikian, konflik domestik merupakan salah satu faktor risiko independen terhadap kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Intervensi kebijakan kesehatan reproduksi perlu mempertimbangkan dinamika relasi dalam rumah tangga dan meningkatkan layanan konseling serta akses kontrasepsi yang aman, terutama bagi perempuan yang hidup dalam situasi rumah tangga yang penuh konflik.

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Unintended pregnancy remains a significant challenge in the domain of reproductive health in Indonesia. Numerous factors have been identified as contributing to the risk of unintended pregnancy, including social, economic, and access-related determinants of contraceptive use. However, interpersonal dynamics within the household, particularly domestic conflict, have received limited attention as potential risk factors. This study aims to examine the association between domestic conflict and unintended pregnancy among married women of reproductive age in Indonesia, while also analyzing other contributing factors. This research employed a quantitative approach using secondary data from the Pemutakhiran Pendataan Keluarga 2024 conducted by the Ministry of Population and Family Development (Kemendukbangga)/BKKBN. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and included a total sample of 91.895 women of reproductive age who currently pregnant with complete data. The dependent variable was unintended pregnancy, while the primary independent variable was domestic conflict. The analysis was conducted with complex sample through univariate, bivariate methods using the chi-square test, and followed by multivariate analysis logistic regression based on the risk factor model. The results revealed that 14,8% of women of reproductive age experienced unintended pregnancy. The proportion of unintended pregnancy was higher among those reporting domestic conflict (20,9%) compared to those who did not (14,7%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1,533 (95% CI: 1,248 – 1,884). Following interaction and confounding tests, domestic conflict remained a significant factor associated with unintended pregnancy, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1,533 (95% CI: 1,248 – 1,884). These findings underscore that domestic conflict is an independent risk factor for unintended pregnancy. Reproductive health interventions and policies should account for relational dynamics within households and strengthen access to counseling services and safe contraceptive options, particularly for women living in conflict-affected domestic settings.

Abstrak: Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu beban kesehatan masyarakat terbesar di Indonesia dan pemicu utama penyakit kardiovaskular. Keberhasilan pengendalian kondisi hipertensi sangat bergantung pada kepatuhan pasien. Berdasarkan data SKI 2023, ketidakpatuhan minum obat antihipertensi masih menjadi masalah signifikan di Indonesia. Metode: Menggunakan data sekunder dari SKI 2023 dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel adalah responden berusia ≥18 tahun dengan diagnosis hipertensi. Responden dengan data tidak lengkap dan wanita hamil diesklusi sehingga menghasilkan sampel akhir sebanyak 49.026 responden. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial. Hasil: Seluruh variabel independen yang diuji (pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, wilayah geografis, komorbiditas, waktu sejak diagnosis, umur, jenis kelamin, tempat tinggal, perilaku penggunaan obat tradisional, konsumsi alkohol, akses fasilitas kesehatan, kepemilikan asuransi, dan dukungan informasi) berhubungan signifikan dengan ketidakpatuhan. Persentase ketidakpatuhan adalah sebesar 53,5%, yaitu 36,7% (95% CI:  35,9-37,4) responden tidak rutin dan 16,8% (95% CI: 16,2-17,4) tidak minum obat. AOR tertinggi ditemukan pada responden yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan informasi, baik pada kategori tidak rutin (AOR 3,76; 95% CI 3,59-3,95; p<0,001) dan pada kategori tidak minum obat (AOR 8,63; 95% CI: 8,12-9,19; p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Ketidakpatuhan minum obat antihipertensi masih menjadi tantangan besar di Indonesia. Diperlukan intervensi berbasis komunitas, peningkatan edukasi, dan perbaikan akses kesehatan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan. 

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Background: Hypertension is one of the largest public health burdens in Indonesia and a major trigger for cardiovascular disease. The success of controlling hypertension is highly dependent on patient compliance. Based on SKI 2023 data, non-compliance with taking antihypertensive drugs is still a significant problem in Indonesia. Methods: Using secondary data from SKI 2023 with a cross-sectional study design. The sample was respondents aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of hypertension. Respondents with incomplete data and pregnant women were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 49,026 respondents. Data analysis used multinomial logistic regression. Results: All independent variables tested (education, occupation, economic status, geographic region, comorbidities, time since diagnosis, age, gender, place of residence, traditional medicine use behavior, alcohol consumption, access to health facilities, insurance ownership, and information support) were significantly associated with non-compliance. The percentage of non-compliance was 53.5%, specifically 36.7% (95% CI: 35.9-37.4) of respondents did not follow the routine, and 16.8% (95% CI: 16.2-17.4) did not take their medication. The highest AOR was found in respondents who did not receive information support, both in the non-routine category (AOR 3.76; 95% CI 3.59-3.95; p<0.001) and in the category of not taking medication (AOR 8.63; 95% CI: 8.12-9.19; p<0.001). Conclusion: Non-compliance with taking antihypertensive medication is still a major challenge in Indonesia. Community-based interventions, increased education, and improved access to health are needed to improve treatment adherence.