Abstrak:

Fumigasi adalah suatu kegiatan memasukkan/melepaskan pestisida (fumigan) kedalam ruangan tertutup/kedap udara selama waktu tertentu dengan tujuan untuk membasmi tikus dan serangga sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit menular. Pekerjaan fumigasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam program pemberantasan vektor dikapal dan pesawat dengan menggunakan fumigant methyl bromide. Dari revew 542 literatur (Budnik et al., Environmental Health 2012), termasuk in vitro dan studi epidemiologi pajanan untuk studi epidemiologi pestisida methyl hidrokarbon, terutama efek beracun (kronik) atau karsinogenik dari penggunaan methyl bromide antara tahun 1990-2011, ditemukan 91 kasus toksisitas methyl bromide dan 29 menggunakan istilah ?karsinogenik, neoplastik atau mutagenik".

Tiga studi epidemiologi dievaluasi, menilai suatu kemungkinan hubungan antara kanker dan methyl bromide. Methyl bromide dianggap sebagai bahan karsinogen potensial di dasarkan pada penelitian terhadap hewan yang telah menunjukkan potensi karsinogenik dari senyawa ini (J. Donald Millar, M.D., D.T.P.H., NIOSH, 2003). Penelitian Saragih (2009), aktivasi kolinesterase darah pada petugas fumigasi kapal pada 66 responden, sebanyak 25,8% yang mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterase darah yang termasuk dalam kategori keracunan dan 74,2% mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterse darah. Data Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Tanjung Pinang, 2012, didapat dua orang kasus terpajan methyl bromide dengan kerusakan kulit berat.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat resiko terpajan methyl bromide pada pekerja fumigasi kapal di wilayah Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Batam dan Tanjung Pinang, tahun 2013. Analisis resiko dilakukan secara semi-kuantitatif berdasarkan Australian Standar/New Zealand Standar 4360 Risk Management yang terdiri dari nilai kemungkinan (Likehood), nilai dampak (consequence) sehingga diperoleh tingkat resiko (Level Of Risk) dengan cara analisa matrik W.T Fine. Dari hasil analisa matrik terhadap dua metode fumigasi tersebut ditentukanlah suatu prosedur atau kontrol dalam mencegah atau menanggulangi resiko bahaya fumigasi kapal.

Fumigation is an activity insert/release pesticide (fumigant) into a closed room/airtight during a certain time in order to eradicate rodents and insects as vectors of disease-causing infectious. Fumigation on ships and aircrafts has been programmed by government to eradicate vectors such as rodents and insects used the fumigants i.e. methyl bromide. Based on 542 of review literatures (Budnik et al, Environmental Health, 2012), including in vitro and epidemiological studies of pesticide exposure for epidemiological studies methyl hydrocarbon, especially toxic effects (chronic) at or carcinogenic methyl bromide of use between the years 1990 - 2011, found 91 cases of toxicity methyl bromide and 29 used in term ?carcinogenic, neoplastic or mutagenic?.

Then, three epidemiological studies evaluated, assessing a possible link between cancer and methyl bromide. Methyl bromide considered as a potential carcinogen based on animal studies that have demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of this compound. (J. Donald Millar, MD, DTPH, NIOSH, 2003). Saragih (2009) studied activation of blood cholinesterase ship fumigation officer on 66 respondents, 25.8% have blood cholinesterase levels of activation were included in the category of poisoning and the remaining 74.2% have an activation of blood cholinesterase. According the data in Tanjung Pinang Port Health Office, 2012, acquired two cases of methyl bromide exposed to severe skin damage.

In this dissertation aims to analyze the level of risk in workers exposed to methyl bromide fumigation of ships in the Port Health Office of Batam and Tanjung Pinang, in 2013. Risk analysis performed semi-quantitatively based on Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 4360 Risk Management consisting of the value of probability (likelihood), the value of impact (consequence) in order to obtain the level of risk analysis by matrix WT Fine. Based on the analysis of the matrix for two methods of fumigation were revealed a procedure or control in preventing or overcoming hazards ship fumigation.

Abstrak: Dari hasil pemetaan di lapangan terdapat empat (4) lokasi yang berpotensi untuk terjadinya bahaya gerakan tanah atau batuan. Potensi bahaya tersebut harus dikendalikan secara tepat untuk mengurangi atau menghindari bahaya yang berdampak pada aktivitas produksi, properti, lingkungan serta manusia.Lokasi yang berpotensi terhadap gerakan tanah atau batuan tersebut adalah :1. Kuari "A" bagian timur tingkat kendati risikonya tinggi terjadi gerakan tanah.2. Kuari "B" bagian selatan tingkat kendali risikonya tinggi terjadi gerakan batuan.3. Gunung Slindis tingkat kendali risikonya tinggi terjadi gerakan batuan.4. Kuari "A" bagian barat tingkat kendali risikonya ketat terjadi gerakan batuan.Hasil analisa potential loss pada setiap lokasi penelitian, sebagai berikut :1. Berdasarkan analisa risiko ketidakstabilan lereng, gerakan tanah di lokasi Kuari "A" bagian timur, dapat mengakibatkan kerugian pada properti, proses, lingkungan maupun manusia (total) sebesar dari US $ 112.660 (most likely) sampai US $ 1.062.450 (Worst case).2. Berdasarkan analisa risiko ketidakstabilan lereng, runtuhan batuan di lokasi Kuari "B" bagian selatan, dapat mengakibatkan kerugian pada properti, proses, lingkungan maupun manusia (total) sebesar dari US $ 109.960 (most lokely) sampai US $ 1.056.450 (Worst case).3. Berdasarkan analisa risiko ketidakstabilan lereng, runtuhan bantuan di lokasi Gunung Blindis, dapat mengakibatkan kerugian pada properti, proses, lingkungan maupun manusia (total) sebesar dari US $ 11.930 (most likely) sampai US $ 478.450 (Worst case).4. Berdasarkan analisa risiko ketidakstabilan lereng, runtuhan batuan di lokasi Kuari "A" bagian barat, dapat mengakibatkan kerugian pada properti, proses, lingkungan maupun manusia (total) sebesar dari US $ 108.860 (most likely) sampai US $ 1.254.000 (Worst case).Analisa risiko lereng tambang dengan menggunakan metode analisa slope instability yang digabungkan dengan Workplace Risk Assessment and Control (WRAC), merupakan metode yang efektif dan efisien untuk memberikan hasil penelitian secara cepat dan tepat.Beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka mengontrol potensi bahaya gerakan tanah di lokasi penelitian yaitu 1). Pendekatan rekayasa teknik dan 2).Pendekatan rekayasa non teknik tentang resiko bahaya gerakan tanah dan batuan, serta cara pencegahannya.Pendekatan ini biasanya merekayasa dua faktor penyebab gerakan tanah atau batuan yaitu dengan memperbesar faktor F (shear strength) dari batuan dan memperkecil N (shear stress) pada batuan. Rekayasa teknik umumnya relatif mahal dan penulis menyarankan di lakukan pada dua lokasi, yaitu : Kuari "A" bagian timur dan Kuari "A" bagian barat, karena pelaksanaannya lebih efektif dan biayanya lebih efisien.Rekayasa teknik sangat sulit diterapkan pada lokasi Kuari "B" bagian selatan dan Gunung Blindis karena kondisi geologinya menyulitkan untuk dilakukan counter weight, mengurangi tekanan pori air, maupun memasang penyangga mekanik. Pada kedua lokasi tersebut, lebih tepat pengendalian risikonya memakai pendekatan rekayasa non teknik.Pendekatan rekayasa non teknik adalah upaya peningkatan peran masyarakat, instansi terkait, serta seluruh karyawan dalam rangka mengurangi resiko bahaya gerakan tanah atau runtuhan bantuan.Daftar Bacaan : 27 (1954 - 2003)

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Risk Analysis on Mine Slope in the Cirebon Plant Site, PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa West JavaFrom mapping result in the field there are four (4) locations which have a potential to occurring a dangerous land movement or rock movement . The potential dangerous must be controlled as quickly as to reduce or avoid dangerous which will affect to the activity of production, property, environment and also to the human it self.The locations, which have potential against land or rock movement, are:1. Quarry "A" at East Side the risk of control level is high to be a land movement2. Quarry "B" at South Side the risk of control level is high to be a rock movement.3. Mt. Blindis the risk of control level is high to be a rock movement.4. Quarry "A" West Side the risk of control level is tight to be a rock movement.Result of potential loss analysis on every research location is as follow :1. Based on the risk analysis of slope instability, land movement at the location Quarry "A" East side, could caused a damage on property, process, environment, even human being (total) as much US $ 112.60 (most likely) up to US $ 1.062.450 (Worst case).2. Based on the risk analysis of slope instability, rock fall at the location Quarry "B" South side, could caused a damage on property, process, environment, even human being (total) as much US $ 109.960 (most likely) up to US $ 1.056.450 (Worst case).3. Based on the risk analysis of slope instability, rock fall at the location Mt. Blindis, could caused a damage on property, process, environment, even human being (total) as much from US $ 11.930 (most likely) up to US $ 478.450 (Worst case).4. Based on the risk analysis of slope instability, rock fall at the location Quarry "A" West side, could caused a damage on property, process, environment even human being (total) as much from US 108.860 (most likely) up to US $ 1.254.000 (Worst case).Risk analysis of mine slope by used the analysis method of slope instability which mixed with Workplace Risk Assessment and Control (WRAC), is an effective and efficient method to provide observation result as suit and quickly.Some improvements in the frame to control the potential of dangerous of land movement in the research location are 1). Process of Technical Approach and 2). Process of Non Technical Approach about the dangerous of land and rock movement, and also the method to avoid.Process of Technical Approach :This approach usually process in two factor of the cause of land or rock movement which are to enlarge F Factor (shear strength) from the rock and to decrease N Factor (shear stress) on the rock. Generally technical process is relatively expensive and author suggest to do on two location, which are : Quarry "A" East side and Quarry "A" West side, because the implementation have more effective and the cost have more efficient.Process of Non Technical Approach :Technical process are very difficult to be applied at the location Quarry "B" South side and Mt. Blindis because their geology condition are difficult against their counter weigh, reducing their water pore, even to settle mechanic stager. For both locations, the controlling risk is more suites to use the process of Non Technical Approach.Process of non-technical approach is the effort to increase the role of society, connected institution, and all staff in the frame to reduce the dangerous risk of land movement or rock fall.References : 26 (1954 - 2003)

Abstrak: Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3)adalah suatu upaya pemikiran dalam menjamin keutuhan dan kesempurnaan jasmani maupun rohani manusia pada umumnya dan pekerja pada khususnya, serta hasil karya budaya dalam rangka menuju masyarakat adil dan makmur. Tingginya resiko kecelakaan dan kesehatan pada pekerja di industri saat ini sudah seharusnya menjadi perhatian utama baik bagi pekerja, pengusaha, maupun pemerintah khususnya di PT. Pertamina (Persero) LPG dan Gas Products Region III Depot LPG Tanjung Priok dalam hal analisis risiko pada proses bongkar muat tabung LPG ukuran 3 Kg. Dengan memahami dan merealisasikan teori manajemen risiko segala potensi risiko yang terdapat pada setiap proses kerja yang dilakukan akan di minimalisasi dan dapat dilakukan pencegahan serta pengendalian lebih lanjut pada proses kerja yang dimaksud.

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Health and Safety (HSE) is an effort to preserve the unity of thought and perfection of the human body and spirit in general and workers in particular, and the work culture in the framework towards a just and prosperous society. The high risk of accidents and health of workers in the industry today should be a major concern both for workers, employers, and government, especially in the PT. Pertamina (Persero) LPG and Gas Products Region III Depot LPG Tanjung Priok in terms of risk Analysis in the process of loading and unloading of LPG 3 Kg size. By understanding and realization of the theory of risk management all the potential risks inherent in any process of the work done will be done in the minimization and prevention and further control the work process is.