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Avatari Khumaira Hadi; Pembimbing: Al Asyary; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Resyana Yunita
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Pencemaran udara, khususnya PM2.5, menjadi masalah serius karena partikel halus ini mampu masuk hingga alveoli paru dan peredaran darah. Wilayah Jalan Margonda Raya merupakan salah satu kawasan di Kota Depok dengan lalu lintas padat dan aktivitas ekonomi yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan emisi PM2.5 dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat risiko pajanan PM2.5 terhadap pekerja luar ruangan di sepanjang Jalan Margonda Raya, Kota Depok. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL) terhadap 100 responden pekerja luar ruangan. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2.5 dilakukan selama satu jam pada lima titik berbeda dan diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 166,8 µg/m³, sedangkan estimasi konsentrasi 24 jam menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 88,3 µg/m³ yang telah melebihi baku mutu udara ambien. Karakteristik antropometri responden menunjukkan nilai median berat badan sebesar 59,6 kg. Pola aktivitas pekerja menunjukkan nilai median waktu pajanan adalah 8 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 310 hari/tahun, dan durasi pajanan 6 tahun. Nilai asupan PM2.5 yang dihitung menghasilkan rata-rata 0,0038 mg/kg/hari untuk skenario realtime dan 0,0158 mg/kg/hari untuk skenario lifetime. Nilai RQ (Risk Quotient) masing-masing adalah 1,078 (realtime) dan 4,382 (lifetime), yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat risiko berada pada kategori tidak aman (RQ > 1). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan manajemen risiko seperti penurunan konsentrasi paparan PM2.5 menjadi 0,038 mg/m³, pengurangan durasi pajanan menjadi 7,6 jam/hari, serta pengurangan frekuensi kerja menjadi 294 hari/tahun.
Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a serious issue because these fine particles can penetrate deep into the lung alveoli and enter the bloodstream. Jalan Margonda Raya is one of the areas in Depok City with dense traffic and high economic activity, so it has the potential to produce large amounts of PM2.5 emissions. This study aims to assess the level of risk of PM2.5 exposure to outdoor workers along Jalan Margonda Raya, Depok City. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method among 100 outdoor worker respondents. PM2.5 concentrations were measured over one-hour intervals at five different locations, resulting in an average of 166.8 µg/m³, while the 24-hour concentration estimate showed an average value of 88.3 µg/m³ which exceeded the ambient air quality standard. The anthropometric characteristics of the respondents showed a median body weight of 59.6 kg. Worker activity patterns show a median exposure time of 8 hours/day, exposure frequency of 310 days/year, and exposure duration of 6 years. The calculated PM2.5 intake values yield an average of 0.0038 mg/kg/day for the realtime scenario and 0.0158 mg/kg/day for the lifetime scenario. The RQ (Risk Quotient) values are 1.078 (realtime) and 4.382 (lifetime), respectively, indicating that the risk level is in the unsafe category (RQ > 1). Therefore, risk management is needed such as reducing the concentration of PM2.5 exposure to 0.038 mg/m³, reducing the duration of work to 7.6 hours/day, and reducing the frequency of work to 294 days/year.
Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a serious issue because these fine particles can penetrate deep into the lung alveoli and enter the bloodstream. Jalan Margonda Raya is one of the areas in Depok City with dense traffic and high economic activity, so it has the potential to produce large amounts of PM2.5 emissions. This study aims to assess the level of risk of PM2.5 exposure to outdoor workers along Jalan Margonda Raya, Depok City. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method among 100 outdoor worker respondents. PM2.5 concentrations were measured over one-hour intervals at five different locations, resulting in an average of 166.8 µg/m³, while the 24-hour concentration estimate showed an average value of 88.3 µg/m³ which exceeded the ambient air quality standard. The anthropometric characteristics of the respondents showed a median body weight of 59.6 kg. Worker activity patterns show a median exposure time of 8 hours/day, exposure frequency of 310 days/year, and exposure duration of 6 years. The calculated PM2.5 intake values yield an average of 0.0038 mg/kg/day for the realtime scenario and 0.0158 mg/kg/day for the lifetime scenario. The RQ (Risk Quotient) values are 1.078 (realtime) and 4.382 (lifetime), respectively, indicating that the risk level is in the unsafe category (RQ > 1). Therefore, risk management is needed such as reducing the concentration of PM2.5 exposure to 0.038 mg/m³, reducing the duration of work to 7.6 hours/day, and reducing the frequency of work to 294 days/year.
S-12031
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sulthan Alvin Faiz Bara Mentari; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Herwin Meifendy, Debbie Valonda S
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Jalan Raya Daan Mogot-Pesing Kota Jakarta Barat merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki fungsi vital karena dikelilingi perumahan, industri, pasar, menghubungkan dua kota besar (Jakarta Barat dan Tanggerang), serta merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki titik konsentrasi PM2.5 tertinggi dengan 298 µg/m3 berdasarkan data IQair. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah penelitian yang dapat menganalisis risiko kesehatan terhadap masyarakat yang tinggal disekitarnya akibat pajanan PM2.5. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ARKL dengan sampel udara pada 4 titik pengukuran dan sampel subjek sebanyak 96 responden. Pengambilan sampel udara menggunakan alat Dusttrak sedangkan pengambilan data sampel subjek dilakukan dengan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran PM2.5 pada 4 titik pengukuran, terdapat 3 titik yang konsentrasinya telah berada diatas baku mutu PP No.22 tahun 2021 pada titik 2 dengan 73,8 µg/m3, titik 3 dengan 57,2 µg/m3, dan titik 4 dengan 155,4 µg/m3. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, didapatkan data rerata berat badan responden 59,5 kg, umur 44,5 tahun, waktu pajanan 24 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 350 hari/tahun, dan durasi pajanan 20 tahun. Intake realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 pengukuran dengan konsentrasi maksimum 0,03 mg/kg/hari dan 0,05 mg/kg/hari. RQ realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 dengan nilai maksimum 1,74 dan 2,61. Dibutuhkan manajemen risiko yang dapat menanggulangi titik dengan kategori berisiko diantaranya edukasi penggunaan masker, menanam tanaman penyaring debu dalam rumah, peningkatan gizi, serta penghijauan jalan raya.
Daan Mogot-Pesing road of West Jakarta is a highway that has a vital function because it is surrounded by housing, industry, markets, connects two big cities (West Jakarta and Tangerang), and is a highway that has the highest PM2.5 concentration point with 298 µg /m3 based on IQair data. Therefore, a study is needed that can analyze the health risks to the people who live around them due to PM2.5 exposure. This study used the EHRA method with air samples at 4 measurement points and a sample of 96 respondents. Air samples were taken using the Dusttrak tool while the subject sample data was collected by interview. Based on the results of PM2.5 measurements at 4 measurement points, there are 3 points whose concentrations are above the PP No. 22 of 2021 quality standards at point 2 with 73.8 µg/m3, point 3 with 57.2 µg/m3, and point 4 with 155.4 µg/m3. Based on the interview results, the average respondent's body weight was 59.5 kg, age 44.5 years, exposure time 24 hours/day, exposure frequency 350 days/year, and exposure duration 20 years. The highest realtime and lifetime intakes were at point 4 of measurement with a maximum concentration of 0.03 mg/kg/day and 0.05 mg/kg/day. The highest realtime and lifetime RQ is at point 4 with a maximum value of 1.74 and 2.61. Risk management is needed that can address points with risk categories including education on using masks, planting dust filter plants in the house, improving nutrition, and planting plants around the road.
T-6615
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Endang Susmiati; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono, Haryoto Kusnoputranto; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, I Gusti Gede Djestawana, Sonny Priajaya Warouw
T-2931
Depok : FKM-UI, 2008
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nadiya Nurul Huda; Pembimbing: Haryoto Kusnoputranto; Penguji: Abdul Rahman, Yulia Fitria Ningrum
Abstrak:
ABSTRAK Pekerja pengrajin batu bata berisiko terhadap dampak kesehatan akibat pajanan Particulate Matter (PM2,5) yang dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran batu bata dan proses pencetakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko pajanan PM2,5 di udara ambien pada pekerja batu bata di Kecamatan Taktakan Serang Banten. Penelitin ini menggunakan data primer dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 73 pekerja dan sampel lingkungan dari 9 titik menggunakan alat Haz-dust EPAM 5000. Data disajikan secara univariat dan risiko kesehatan dihitung dengan metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan yang menghasilkan nilai intake pajanan yang diterima individu perhari, berdarkan konsentrasi PM2,5, pola pajanan, dan karakteristik antropometri berupa berat badan. Responden pada penelitian ini memiliki nilia median berat badan 56,85 Kg, dan nilai median laju inhlasi sebesar 0,6 mg/m3 lebih rendah dari nilai default EPA untuk berat badan 70 kg dan laju inhalasi 0,83 mg/m3.. Nilai median waktu pajanan untuk proses pencetakan 8 jam/hari dan 18jam/hari untuk proses pembakaran. Pekerja mulai berisiko (RQ≥1) pada proses pencetakan setelah durasi pajananan 25 tahun dengan konsentrasi rata-rata sebesar 58,7 μg/m3 sedangkan untuk proses pembakaran pekerja mulai ditemukan berisiko (RQ≥1) setelah durasi 20 tahun dengan konsentrasi rata-rata 418,5 μg/m3, dengan demikian manajemen risiko yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan mengurangi waktu pajanan pencetakan menjadi 7,2 jam/hari dan waktu pembakaran menjadi 13 jam/hari. Kata kunci: Analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan, batu bata, dan PM2,5 Clay brick industry worker are at risk for the health effect to exposure PM2,5, resulting from combustion and forming process. This study aimed to estimate the risk of PM2,5 exposure in ambient air to clay brick industry worker in Kecamatan Taktakan Serang Banten. This study used primary data of 73 worker and environment sampel was measured from 9 site with Haz dust EPAM 5000. Univariate data were present and health risk was calculated using environmental health risk assessment method that generates value of individual exposure intake per day. Exposure intake was calculated based on PM2,5 concentration, individual exposure patterns, and anthropometric value for body weight. responden in this study have 56,85 kg median of body weight, and 0,6 m3 median of inhalation rate. These are lower than EPA default value for 70 kg of body weight and 0,83 mg/m3 inhalation rate. Exposure time for forming process in median is 8 hours/day and 18 hours/day for combustion process. Health risk appear (RQ≥1) in forming process after 25 years exposure time with mean concentration 58,7 μg/m3 and in combustion health risk appear (RQ≥1) after 20 years exposure time with mean concentration 418,5 μg/m3. Risk management needed base on this finding is by limited worker exposure time in forming process to 7,2 hour/day and 13 hour/day in combustion process. Key words: Health risk assessment, clay brick, and PM2,5
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S-9730
Depok : FKM-UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nada Syifa; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Syafran Arrazy
Abstrak:
Pencemaran udara luar ruangan telah menjadi salah satu risiko lingkungan terbesar terhadap kesehatan. Pedagang kaki lima dianggap sebagai populasi yang paling berisiko karena bekerja dalam waktu yang cukup lama dan secara terus-menerus terpapar polusi udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan agen risiko partikulat yaitu Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, dan PM2.5 terhadap pedagang kaki lima di Kelurahan Glodok, Jakarta Barat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) menggunakan data primer dengan jumlah sampel pedagang kaki lima sebanyak 65 responden. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, konsentrasi TSP sebesar 43 μg/m3, PM10 sebesar 25 μg/m3, dan PM2.5 sebesar 16 μg/m3. Seluruh konsentrasi partikulat masih di bawah standar baku mutu Indonesia, namun untuk PM2.5 sudah sedikit melebihi standar baku mutu World Health Organization (WHO). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan nilai rata-rata dan nilai tengah, tingkat risiko seluruh pajanan partikulat (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) menunjukkan nilai RQ 1 atau dinyatakan aman. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan setiap responden, terdapat 2 responden berisiko terhadap pajanan PM10 dan PM2.5. Pengelolaan risiko yang dapat dilakukan adalah menurunkan konsentrasi partikulat hingga batas aman, salah satunya dengan mengembangkan substitusi bahan bakar dengan yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan menggunakan sumber tenaga alternatif rendah polusi seperti tenaga listrik.
Outdoor air pollution has become one of the greatest environmental risks to health. Street vendors are considered to be the population at risk because they work long hours and are constantly exposed to air pollution. This study aims to estimate the health risks due to exposure to particulate risk agents, namely Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 to street vendors in Glodok Urban Village, West Jakarta. The study used an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach using primary data with a sample of 65 street vendors. Based on the measurement results, the concentration of TSP was 43 g/m3, PM10 was 25 g/m3, and PM2.5 was 16 g/m3. All particulate concentrations are still below the Indonesian quality standards, but PM2.5 has slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) quality standards. Based on the results of calculations using the average and median values, the risk level of all particulate exposures (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) shows an RQ1 or is declared safe. Based on the calculation results of each respondent, there are 2 respondents at risk of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Risk management that can be done is to reduce the concentration of particulates to a safe limit, one of them is by developing fuel substitution with more environmentally friendly and using alternative sources of low-pollution energy such as electric power.
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Outdoor air pollution has become one of the greatest environmental risks to health. Street vendors are considered to be the population at risk because they work long hours and are constantly exposed to air pollution. This study aims to estimate the health risks due to exposure to particulate risk agents, namely Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 to street vendors in Glodok Urban Village, West Jakarta. The study used an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach using primary data with a sample of 65 street vendors. Based on the measurement results, the concentration of TSP was 43 g/m3, PM10 was 25 g/m3, and PM2.5 was 16 g/m3. All particulate concentrations are still below the Indonesian quality standards, but PM2.5 has slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) quality standards. Based on the results of calculations using the average and median values, the risk level of all particulate exposures (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) shows an RQ1 or is declared safe. Based on the calculation results of each respondent, there are 2 respondents at risk of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Risk management that can be done is to reduce the concentration of particulates to a safe limit, one of them is by developing fuel substitution with more environmentally friendly and using alternative sources of low-pollution energy such as electric power.
S-11140
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Muhamad Dhiwa Hidayat; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Zakianis, Ainun Yakin
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Pajanan agen kimia yang digunakan dalam proses produksi berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan bagi para pekerja yang berinteraksi dengan agen-agen kimia yang salah satunya adalah cat. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian di Padang, Sumatera Barat diketahui terdapat cemaran logam berat Kadmium (Cd) di udara bengkel yang melakukan proses pengecatan. Sementara itu, hasil penelitian Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan lain di Semarang dan Palembang, diketahui terdapat Sebagian populasi pekerja bengkel yang melakukan proses pengecatan dikategorikan berisiko (RQ>1) terhadap pajanan logam berat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko kesehatan non-karsinogenik dan karsinogenik pada populasi pekerja bengkel produksi perusahaan X dari proses pengecatan yang dilakukan di bengkel produksi perusahaan tersebut. Desain studi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan pendekatan desktop study. Nilai konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian di bengkel yang melakukan proses pengecatan di Padang, Sumatera Barat. Hasil Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan yang dilakukan kepada 25 responden pekerja bengkel produksi perusahaan X menunjukkan tidak terdapat adanya risiko kesehatan baik secara non-karsinognik (RQ<1) maupun karsinogenik (ECR<0,0001), juga secara berkelompok maupun secara individu masing-masing pekerja bengkel produksi. Meskipun tidak ditemukan adanya tingkat risiko kesehatan yang berisiko, pekerja tetap dianjurkan untuk tetap menggunakan APD untuk mencegah risiko lain yang tidak dihitung dalam penelitian ARKL ini.
Exposure to chemical hazard used in production activity has posed some health risks to workers working with chemical such as paint. previous study conducted in painting workshop in Padang has found that contamination of Cadmium heavy metal are present on the workshop air. Environmental health risk assessment study conducted in Painting workshops in Semarang and Palembang shows that some of the workers of the painting workshop were categorized at risks of health problems posed by the exposure of Cadmium from painting process (RQ>1). This research aims to assess both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic environmental health risk levels of the workers of X Company from Cadmium exposure from painting processes of production activity. This research was done with Environmental Health Risk Assessment method with desktop study approach. Concentration value used in this research was based on previous findings of Cadmium pollution in painting workshop air in Padang. The result shows that health risks of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic were categorized as “not at risk” for the workers of production workshop of X Company (RQ<1, ECR<0,0001). Even though the workers of X company with certain anthropometric and activity value were not at risk of health problem from the exposure of cadmium at the levels used in this research, workers still needs to use PPE to protect themselves from another hazard that was not included in this research.
S-11272
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aliani Safitri; PembimbingL Budi Hartono; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Fajar Nugraha
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Kampung Muka, terletak di Kelurahan Ancol, Jakarta Utara, menjadi lokasi penelitian karena adanya dugaan risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan PM2,5, seperti yang juga ditemukan di wilayah lain di DKI Jakarta. Studi sebelumnya di Kepulauan Seribu, Jalan Daan Mogot, dan Terminal Kampung Rambutan menunjukkan nilai RQ>1, menandakan potensi bahaya kesehatan akibat polusi udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi risiko kesehatan pada balita yang tinggal di Kampung Muka akibat pajanan PM2,5. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan pengukuran di empat titik sampling dan melibatkan 81 responden. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 di Kampung Muka, setelah dikonversi menjadi pajanan 24 jam dengan metode Canter, masih di bawah baku mutu yang merujuk pada PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 44,4 µg/m³. Karakterisasi risiko rata-rata realtime dan lifetime menunjukkan RQ1 pada penghitungan pajanan realtime individu, berkisar antara 1,010 hingga 2,257 di beberapa titik. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya potensi risiko kesehatan pada kelompok balita meskipun rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5masih memenuhi standar, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan lanjutan.
Kampung Muka, located in Ancol Sub-district, North Jakarta, was chosen as the study site due to suspected health risks from PM2.5 exposure, similar to findings in other areas of DKI Jakarta. Previous studies conducted in Kepulauan Seribu, Daan Mogot Road, and Kampung Rambutan Terminal reported RQ values greater than 1, indicating potential health hazards from air pollution. This study aimed to estimate health risks among toddlers living in Kampung Muka due to PM2.5 exposure. The research used an Environmental Health Risk Assessment design, with PM2.5 measurements taken at four sampling points and involving 81 respondents. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations in Kampung Muka, after conversion to 24-hour exposure using the Canter method, remained below the quality standard set by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), with the highest value recorded at 44.4 µg/m³. Risk characterization for average realtime and lifetime exposure indicated RQ values below 1. However, eight toddlers were found to have individual realtime RQ values greater than 1, ranging from 1.010 to 2.257 at various points. These findings suggest potential health risks among toddlers, even though the average PM2.5 concentration still meets regulatory standards, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.
Kampung Muka, located in Ancol Sub-district, North Jakarta, was chosen as the study site due to suspected health risks from PM2.5 exposure, similar to findings in other areas of DKI Jakarta. Previous studies conducted in Kepulauan Seribu, Daan Mogot Road, and Kampung Rambutan Terminal reported RQ values greater than 1, indicating potential health hazards from air pollution. This study aimed to estimate health risks among toddlers living in Kampung Muka due to PM2.5 exposure. The research used an Environmental Health Risk Assessment design, with PM2.5 measurements taken at four sampling points and involving 81 respondents. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations in Kampung Muka, after conversion to 24-hour exposure using the Canter method, remained below the quality standard set by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), with the highest value recorded at 44.4 µg/m³. Risk characterization for average realtime and lifetime exposure indicated RQ values below 1. However, eight toddlers were found to have individual realtime RQ values greater than 1, ranging from 1.010 to 2.257 at various points. These findings suggest potential health risks among toddlers, even though the average PM2.5 concentration still meets regulatory standards, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.
S-12018
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Maghfira Nadya Salsabila; Pembimbing: Haryoto Kusno Putranto; Penguji: Dewi Susanna, Yulia Fitria Ningrum
Abstrak:
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TPA Cipayung Depok kini sudah mencapai masa overload karena sudah melebihi kapasitas untuk menampung sampah. Timbunan sampah yang terus meningkat di TPA dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan berisiko terhadap kesehatan manusia. Dampak dari pencemaran yang ditimbulkan dari TPA salah satunya adalah penyakit bawaan udara atau airborne disease. Penyakit tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya sampah organik yang membusuk oleh mikroorganisme sehingga menghasilkan gas hidrogen sulfida (H2S) dan gas metana (CH4) yang memiliki sifat toksik bagi tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko kesehatan yang ditimbulkan oleh pajanan gas hidrogen sulfida terhadap anak-anak yang tinggal di sekitar TPA Cipayung, Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Pengukuran konsentrasi H2S dilakukan pada pagi hingga sore hari pada 3 titik lokasi dalam radius kurang dari 1 km dan pengambilan data antropometri serta riwayat kesehatan anak dilakukan dengan wawancara dan kuesioner. Konsentrasi gas H2S tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 0,005 ppm dan terendah sebesar 0,004 ppm. Tingkat risiko untuk pajanan berdasarkan pola aktivitas (aktivitas istirahat, aktivitas ringan, aktivitas sedang, dan aktivitas berat) dan pajanan realtime diperoleh nilai RQ < 1 yang berarti belum memiliki risiko kesehatan terhadap anak-anak. Namun, pada pajanan lifespan diperoleh nilai RQ > 1, yaitu sebesar 1,028 yang berarti anak-anak memiliki risiko terkena efek kesehatan nonkarsinogenik sehingga diperlukan adanya manajemen risiko untuk mengurangi pajanan gas H2S. Riwayat gejala gangguan kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan efek kesehatan akibat pajanan H2S, yaitu ISPA dan iritasi mata diperoleh sebanyak 74 anak (82,2%) mengalami gejala ISPA dan 48 anak (53,3%) mengalami gejala iritasi mata. Hasil analisis Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai rata-rata asupan realtime anak-anak yang mengalami gejala ISPA dan gejala iritasi mata dengan anak yang tidak mengalami gejala tersebut. Meskipun paparan H2S belum berisiko dalam jangka pendek, diperlukan manajemen risiko untuk mengurangi paparan H2S di masa depan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan pengelolaan TPA, seperti pengolahan sampah secara modern, serta menanam pohon atau tanaman yang dapat menyerap H2S.
Cipayung Landfill in Depok has now reached an overload period because it has exceeded its capacity to accommodate waste. The ever-increasing accumulation of waste in landfills can cause environmental pollution and pose a risk to human health. One of the impacts of pollution resulting from landfills is airborne disease. This disease is caused by organic waste rotting by microorganisms, producing hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) and methane gas (CH4) which are toxic to the human body. This study aims to determine the level of health risks posed by exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas in children living around the Cipayung TPA, Depok City. This research uses a quantitative method, Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. H2S concentration measurements were carried out from morning to evening at 3 location points within a radius of less than 1 km and anthropometric data and the child's health history were collected using interviews and questionnaires. The highest concentration of H2S gas was 0.005 ppm and the lowest was 0.004 ppm. The risk level for exposure based on activity patterns (rest activity, light activity, moderate activity and heavy activity) and real-time exposure obtained an RQ value < 1, which means there is no health risk to children. However, for lifespan exposure, an RQ value > 1 of 1.028 was obtained, which means that children are at risk of developing non-carcinogenic health effects, so risk management is needed to reduce exposure to H2S gas. A history of symptoms of health problems related to health effects due to H2S exposure, acute respiratory infections (ARI) and eye irritation, was obtained from 74 children (82.2%) experiencing symptoms of ARI and 48 children (53.3%) experiencing symptoms of eye irritation. The results of the Mann-Whitney Test analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the average real-time intake value of children who experienced ARI symptoms and eye irritation symptoms and children who did not experience these symptoms. Although exposure to H2S is not yet a risk in the short term, risk management is needed to reduce exposure to H2S in the future. This can be done by improving landfill management, such as modern waste processing, as well as planting trees or plants that can absorb H2S.
S-11706
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Zakia Davina Riadi; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Budi Haryanto, Rizal Maulana
Abstrak:
PM2,5 adalah partikel halus berukuran kurang dari 2,5 mikron yang dapat terhirup hingga ke alveolus paru-paru hingga masuk ke aliran darah. Pada tahun 2023, Kota Bogor merupakan kota dengan rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5 tertinggi di Indonesia. SMA X Kota Bogor adalah SMA yang terletak di pusat Kota Bogor. Di depan sekolah, terdapat jalan utama yang merupakan jalur lalu lintas padat yang sering dilalui kendaraan pribadi maupun umum, sehingga berpotensi menjadi sumber emisi PM2,5 dari kendaraan bermotor. Tingginya kepadatan lalu lintas di kawasan tersebut menimbulkan dugaan bahwa partikel PM2,5 dari udara ambien dapat masuk ke dalam ruang kelas saat kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung. Pajanan PM2,5 di ruang kelas dapat berdampak negatif pada fungsi kognitif dan kesehatan pernapasan siswa karena ukurannya yang kecil dan dapat terhirup hingga alveolus. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui estimasi risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan PM2,5 pada para murid di SMA X Kota Bogor tahun 2025 menggunakan studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan. Penelitian ini mencakup pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 di ruang kelas menggunakan perangkat SORA (Sensor Observasi Udara), serta pengumpulan data antropometri dan pola aktivitas 94 siswa di sekolah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juni 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 di SMA X Kota Bogor masih berada di bawah baku mutu sesuai Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023 yaitu di bawah 25 µg/m3 dengan nilai rata-rata 24,79 µg/m3. Perhitungan RQ pada seluruh titik sampel maupun tiap individu diperoleh RQ ≤ 1 sehingga dianggap tidak berisiko pada kesehatan siswa.
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PM2.5 are fine particulate matters smaller than 2.5 micrometres that can be inhaled deep into the lungs’ alveoli and enter the bloodstream. In 2023, Bogor City recorded the highest average PM2.5 concentration in Indonesia. SMA X Kota Bogor is a high school located in the center of Bogor City, adjacent to a major road with high traffic volume, making it potentially exposed to PM2.5 emissions from motor vehicles. Given the heavy traffic, there is concern that ambient PM2.5 particles may infiltrate classrooms during teaching activities. PM2.5 exposure poses risks to students' cognitive function and respiratory health due to its ability to penetrate deep into the lungs. This study aims to estimate the health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure among students at SMA X Kota Bogor in 2025 using an Environmental Health Risk Assessment approach. PM2.5 concentrations were measured in classrooms using the SORA (Sensor Observasi Udara) device, and anthropometric and activity data were collected from 94 students. Conducted in April-June 2025, the study found that the average PM2.5 concentration (24.79 µg/m3) was below the threshold set by Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023 (25 µg/m3). Risk Quotient (RQ) calculations showed RQ ≤ 1 for all samples and individuals, indicating no significant health risk.
S-12007
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Amiati Silitonga; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Mifta Rohim
S-9737
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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