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Obesitas pada remaja meningkat secara global dan nasional. Hal ini menjadi perhatian khusus karena obesitas pada remaja dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit tidak menular lebih dini. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor aktivitas fisik dan pola makan dengan obesitas pada remaja 10—19 tahun menggunakan data SKI 2023 dan analisis regresi logistik berganda (96.721 responden). Hasil menunjukkan di perkotaan, tidak terdapat hubungan
antara aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas. Untuk pola makan, konsumsi makanan berlemak pada status kekayaan tertinggi (AOR= 1,38) dan konsumsi minuman bersoda (AOR= 0,584; 95% CI= 0,404—0,845) menunjukkan hubungan signifikan secara statistik dan menjadi faktor risiko di perkotaan. Di samping itu, di pedesaan, aktivitas fisik pada remaja berumur 10-13 tahun (AOR= 1,89) dan konsumsi makanan berlemak pada status kekayaan tertinggi (AOR= 2,25) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dan menjadi faktor risiko di pedesaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pencegahan lewat penguatan layanan preventif serta kolaborasi antar pihak dalam membentuk kebiasaan dan gaya hidup yang lebih sehat dalam menurunkan angka obesitas.
Adolescent obesity is increasing globally and nationally. This is of particular concern because obesity in adolescents can increase the risk of non-communicable diseases earlier. This study analyzed physical activity and dietary factors with obesity in adolescents 10-19 years old using SKI 2023 data and multiple logistic regression analysis (96,721 respondents). Results showed that in urban areas, there was no association between physical activity and obesity. For diet, consumption of fatty foods at the highest wealth status (AOR= 1.38) and consumption of soft drinks (AOR= 0.584; 95% CI= 0.404-0.845) showed statistically significant associations and were risk factors in urban areas. In addition, in rural areas, physical activity among adolescents aged 10-13 years (AOR= 1.89) and consumption of fatty foods at the highest wealth status (AOR= 2.25) had statistically significant associations and were risk factors in rural areas. Therefore, prevention efforts through strengthening preventive services and collaboration between parties in shaping healthier habits and lifestyles are needed to reduce obesity rates.
Pneumonia is the leading causes of death among children under five in Indonesia. Exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation are recommended strategies for preventing pneumonia. Although the coverage of both has reached national targets, the prevalence of pneumonia increased from 4.8% in 2018 to 15% in 2023. This study aimed to examine the association between exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation with the incidence of pneumonia among children aged 12–23 months in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design based on data from 2023 SKI. Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results showed no statistically significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation with pneumonia incidence. However, after considering interaction variables and controlling for confounding variables (child’s sex, history of diarrhea, and drinking water source), an increased risk of pneumonia was found among children who were not exclusively breastfed (AOR: 1.466; 95% CI: 0.928–2.315), although the association was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the association between vitamin A supplementation and pneumonia became statistically significant (AOR: 3.029; 95% CI: 1.339–6.852). Therefore, strengthening educational programs through community empowerment is needed as a promotive-preventive strategy to improve exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A practices in efforts to prevent pneumonia in children.
Tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) menjadi salah satu isu prioritas kesehatan di Indonesia. Penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin merupakan strategi efektif untuk menekan AKI dengan mengatur jarak kehamilan. Namun, cakupannya belum merata, dengan disparitas signifikan antarprovinsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan Sumatera Utara.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan analisis data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Sampel terdiri dari wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) yang telah melahirkan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik multivariabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin di Jawa Timur (79,2%) lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan Sumatera Utara (50,5%). Faktor determinan di Sumatera Utara adalah umur, status pekerjaan, dan konseling KB. Di Jawa Timur, faktor yang berhubungan adalah daerah tempat tinggal, status ekonomi, paritas, dan konseling KB. Konseling KB pascasalin menjadi satu-satunya faktor yang berhubungan signifikan di kedua provinsi. Kesimpulannya, terdapat perbedaan determinan dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin antara kedua provinsi, yang menyoroti pentingnya intervensi spesifik sesuai konteks wilayah. Penguatan layanan konseling menjadi kunci strategis untuk meningkatkan cakupan secara nasional.
The high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is a priority health issue in Indonesia. The use of modern postpartum contraception is an effective strategy to reduce MMR by managing pregnancy spacing. However, its coverage is uneven, with significant disparities between provinces. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the use of modern postpartum contraception in East Java and North Sumatra provinces. This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data analysis from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who had previously given birth. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of modern postpartum contraceptive use in East Java (79.2%) was significantly higher than in North Sumatra (50.5%). The determining factors in North Sumatra were age, employment status, and family planning counseling. In East Java, the associated factors were area of residence, economic status, parity, and family planning counseling. Counseling was the only factor significantly associated in both provinces. In conclusion, there are different determinants for the use of modern postpartum contraception between the two provinces, highlighting the importance of region-specific interventions. Strengthening counseling services is a strategic key to increasing coverage nationally.
Treatment adherence for tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major health challenges in TB control efforts in Indonesia. The proportion of TB patients adhering to treatment decreased from 69.2% in 2018 to 62.5% in 2023. In the DOTS strategy, one of the key efforts to improve treatment adherence is the presence of a Treatment Supervisor (Pengawas Menelan Obat or PMO). However, the proportion of TB patients with a PMO also declined from 66.2% to 62.1%. This study aims to examine whether the decline in PMO presence contributed to the decrease in treatment adherence among TB patients aged ≥15 years in Indonesia, using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia or SKI). The study design is cross-sectional, and analyses were conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results showed a significant association between the presence of a PMO and treatment adherence (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.39–8.93). After controlling for age, sex, education level, economic status, comorbid diabetes mellitus, and health insurance ownership, the presence of a PMO remained positively associated with adherence (AOR: 4.41; 95% CI: 2.18–8.90). These findings indicate that the presence of a PMO is relevant and essential for improving TB treatment adherence and success in Indonesia. The efforts to enhance patient adherence should also focus on optimizing the role and quality of PMO, whether from family members or healthcare providers.
Preterm birth is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality in Indonesia. It significantly contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality, thereby affecting the overall health indicators of the country. This study aims to identify the determinants of preterm birth in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. The data were obtained from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey using a cross-sectional study design. The study sample consisted of 32,288 ever-married women aged 10–54 years who had given birth in the last five years. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. The results showed that antenatal care (ANC) visits, multiple pregnancies, hypertension, and antepartum hemorrhage were significant determinants of preterm birth in both urban and rural areas. Maternal age, premature rupture of membranes, and mode of delivery were only associated with preterm birth in urban areas, while placenta previa was only significant in rural areas. Multiple pregnancies were the most dominant factor associated with preterm birth in both settings.
Kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia belum menunjukkan perubahan yang konsisten dari 2002 hingga 2019 (BKKBN, 2019). Dominasi kehamilan tidak diinginkan terjadi pada kelompok usia berisiko tinggi (56% kasus) (BKKBN, 2012, 2017) dan cenderung lebih banyak ditemukan di perkotaan Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kehamilan tidak diinginkan yaitu penggunaan kontrasepsi modern. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat besar hubungan yang terjadi antara penggunaan kontrasepsi modern dengan kejadian kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada wanita kelompok usia berisiko tinggi di wilayah perkotaan dan pedesaan Indonesia. Desain studi pada penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional dengan analisis menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik. Data yang digunakan merupakan data SDKI 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa wanita usia risiko tinggi di wilayah perkotaan Indonesia yang tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi memiliki risiko yang lebih rendah untuk mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.588-0.977). Sedangkan wanita usia risiko tinggi di wilayah pedesaan Indonesia yang tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan (OR: 1.66 95% CI: 1.035-2.648).
Unintended pregnancies in Indonesia have not shown consistent changes from 2002 to 2019 (BKKBN, 2019). In addition, unintended pregnancies mostly occur in the high-risk age group (56% of cases) (BKKBN, 2012, 2017). One of the factor that can influence incident of unintended pregnancy is the use of modern contraception. In Indonesia unintended pregnancies tend to be more common in urban areas. This research was conducted to see the relationship between modern contraception use and the incidence of unintended pregnancies in women in high-risk age groups in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. The study design in this research is cross sectional and data will be conducted with chi square and logistic regression. The data used in this research is the 2017 IDHS. The results show that women of high risk age in urban areas of Indonesia who do not use contraception have a lower risk of experiencing unwanted pregnancy (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.588-0.977). Meanwhile, women of high risk age in rural areas of Indonesia who do not use contraception have a higher risk of experiencing unwanted pregnancy (OR: 1.66 95% CI: 1.035-2.648).
Premarital sexual behavior in female adolescent is a problematic behavior that can affect negative impact on health. Female adolescent is a risk group if they get pregnant at young age. The percentage of premarital sexual behavior among female adolescents in both rural and urban areas has increased. This study aims to determine the factors associated with premarital sexual behavior among female adolescent adolescent in rural and urban areas. This research used secondary data from Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 with cross-sectional design. The population in this study were unmarried female adolescent aged 15-24 years. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression, age, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, attitudes towards premarital sexual behavior, knowledge of reproductive health, and peer influence are related to premarital sexual behavior of adolescent girls in urban areas. Meanwhile, factors related to premarital sexual behavior of teenage girls in rural areas are age, education, economic status, attitudes towards premarital sexual behavior, exposure to mass media, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, dating experience, and reproductive health communication with health workers. The attitude variable towards premarital sexual behavior is the most dominant factor associated with the premarital sexual behavior of female adolescents in urban and rural areas
Berat badan lahir rendah berkontribusi terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal, menjadikannya indikator penting kesehatan ibu dan anak. Data Riskesdas 2018 dan SKI 2023 menunjukkan prevalensi BBLR di Indonesia belum mengalami penurunan signifikan, dengan variasi antarwilayah, sehingga perlu penelitian tentang determinan BBLR berdasarkan regional. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder SKI 2023, dianalisis berdasarkan lima regional Indonesia menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil menunjukkan variasi proporsi BBLR antarregional, dengan Sulawesi tertinggi dan Sumatera terendah. Di Sumatera, faktor terkait BBLR adalah anemia, plasenta previa, kehamilan kembar, kelahiran prematur, dan interaksi kehamilan kembar dengan komplikasi. Di Jawa-Bali, faktor yang berhubungan adalah paritas, komplikasi kehamilan, kehamilan kembar, jenis kelamin, kelahiran prematur, dan kelahiran prematur yang berinteraksi dengan kehamilan kembar. Di Kalimantan, faktor terkait adalah usia ibu, paritas, komplikasi, serta interaksi kehamilan kembar dengan jenis kelamin dan kelahiran prematur. Di Sulawesi, faktor yang berhubungan adalah status ekonomi, pendidikan ibu, paritas, konsumsi tablet tambah darah, komplikasi, plasenta previa, kehamilan kembar, jenis kelamin, dan kelahiran prematur. Di Papua, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, faktor terkait adalah status ekonomi, paritas, komplikasi, dan interaksi kehamilan kembar dengan kelahiran prematur. Diperlukan intervensi berbasis wilayah untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil, terutama di Sulawesi, dengan fokus pada faktor risiko utama seperti kehamilan kembar, kelahiran prematur, dan anemia.
Low Birth Weight (LBW) contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality, making it an important indicator of maternal and child health. The 2018 Riskesdas data and the 2023 SKI reveal that the LBW prevalence in Indonesia has not significantly decreased, with regional variations, indicating the need for research on the regional determinants of LBW. This cross-sectional study uses secondary data from SKI 2023, analyzed across five regions in Indonesia using chi-square tests and logistic regression. The results show regional variations in LBW proportions, with Sulawesi having the highest and Sumatra the lowest prevalence. In Sumatra, factors associated with LBW include anemia, placenta previa, multiple pregnancies, prematurity, and interactions between multiple pregnancies and complications. In Java-Bali, factors associated with LBW include parity, pregnancy complications, multiple pregnancies, gender, prematurity, and the interaction between prematurity and multiple pregnancies. Kalimantan's related factors are maternal age, parity, complications, and interactions between multiple pregnancies, gender, and prematurity. In Sulawesi, factors related to LBW include maternal socioeconomic status, education, parity, iron supplement consumption, complications, placenta previa, multiple pregnancies, gender, and prematurity. Papua, Maluku, and Nusa Tenggara show associations with socioeconomic status, parity, complications, and interactions between multiple pregnancies and prematurity. Regional-based interventions are needed to improve maternal health services, especially in Sulawesi, with a focus on key risk factors such as multiple pregnancies, prematurity, and anemia.