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Obesitas sentral yang merupakan kondisi kelebihan lemak yang terpusat pada daerah perut (visceral/intra-abdominal fat), menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang penting karena merupakan faktor risiko utama sindrom metabolik seperti peradangan sistemik, hiperlipidemia, resistensi insulin, dan penyakit kardiovaskular yang termasuk di dalamnya penyakit jantung iskemik dan stroke. Prevalensi obesitas sentral sangat tinggi di Indonesia dan meningkat terus termasuk di DKI Jakarta. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan diet nabati atau vegetarian memiliki risiko lebih rendah mengalami obesitas sentral dibandingkan dengan diet non-vegetarian. Penelitian mengenai obesitas sentral pada kelompok vegetarian masih terbatas di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian dan faktor risiko obesitas sentral pada vegetarian dan non-vegetarian usia dewasa 18-59 tahun di DKI Jakarta tahun 2025. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross-Sectional dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Total sampel adalah 161 orang yang terdiri dari vegetarian dan non-vegetarian berusia 18 – 59 tahun yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan di DKI Jakarta pada bulan Maret 2025.
Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah obesitas sentral dan variabel independennya adalah jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan status pernikahan, jenis diet, asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, asupan serat, aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur, tingkat stres. Data antropometri yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah lingkar pinggang atau waist circumference (WC).
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian obesitas sentral pada responden sebesar 59,6%, dengan prevalensi obesitas sentral pada responden non-vegetarian sebesar 71,7%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden vegetarian 52,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara obesitas sentral dengan jenis kelamin (p-value = 0,033), jenis diet vegetarian dan non-vegetarian (p-value = 0,026), aktivitas fisik (p-value = 0,000) dan durasi tidur (p-value = 0,000). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor yang paling paling dominan berhubungan dengan obesitas sentral adalah aktivitas fisik dengan nilai OR = 4,680 (95% CI: 2,001 – 10,948) setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin, usia, jenis diet, asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, asupan serat dan durasi tidur.
Prevalensi obesitas sentral pada responden vegetarian menunjukkan angka cukup tinggi. Walaupun diet vegetarian kaya akan serat, antioksidan, fitokimia dan mikronutrien, dan cenderung lebih rendah kalori dan lemak jenuh dibandingkan dengan diet non-vegetarian, namun diet vegetarian belum menjamin pasti sehat bila pemilihan makanan dan juga gaya hidup yang dijalankan tidak sehat.
Central obesity, also known as abdominal obesity, is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation around the abdominal area (visceral/intra-abdominal fat). It has become a significant public health issue as it is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome including systemic inflammation, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Its prevalence in Indonesia is increasing, particularly in DKI Jakarta. Various studies indicate that plant-based or vegetarian diets are associated with a lower risk of central obesity compared to non-vegetarian diets. However, research on central obesity among vegetarians in Indonesia remains limited. This study aims to describe the incidence and risk factors of central obesity among vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults aged 18–59 in DKI Jakarta in 2025. This research uses a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The total sample consists of 161 vegetarians and non-vegetarians selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted in DKI Jakarta in March 2025. The dependent variable is central obesity, while the independent variables include sex, age, education level, marital status, type of diet, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, fiber intake, physical activity, sleep duration, and stress level. The anthropometric data measured were waist circumference (WC). The results showed that the prevalence of central obesity among respondents was 59.6%, with a higher prevalence in non-vegetarians (71.7%) compared to vegetarians (52.5%). Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations between central obesity and sex (p = 0.033), dietary type (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) (p = 0.026), physical activity (p = 0.000), and sleep duration (p = 0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that physical activity was the most dominant factor associated with central obesity, with an OR = 4.680 (95% CI: 2.001–10.948) after controlling for sex, age, dietary type, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, fiber intake, and sleep duration. The relatively high prevalence of central obesity among vegetarian respondents suggests that although vegetarian diets are typically rich in fiber, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and micronutrients and tend to be lower in calories and saturated fat than non-vegetarian diets, they do not automatically guarantee health benefits if poor food choices and unhealthy lifestyle habits persist.
Central obesity or abdominal obesity is a body condition that experiences fat accumulation in the middle of the abdomen (intra-abdominal fat) which is a major factor in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of central obesity continues to increase, including in Jakarta. Various studies show that a vegetarian diet has a lower risk of central obesity. Meanwhile, research on central obesity in vegetarian groups in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence of central obesity and the relationship between the type of vegetarian diet and other factors related to central obesity in a group of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults aged 20-59 years at the Maitreyawira Buddhist Education and Training Center and the Prajna Dhyana Vihara Jakarta in 2024. This research was conducted using a cross-sectional method involving 139 respondents. Data collection was carried out from March to April 2024 using the purposive sampling method. The results showed that 51.8% of respondents were classified as central obese with the proportion of central obesity in non-vegetarians (70.0%) compared to vegetarians (46.8%). The results of bivariate analysis showed a relationship between vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets (p-value 0.041), age (p-value 0.001), marital status (p-value 0.011), energy intake (p-value 0.002), protein intake ( p-value 0.034), fat intake (p-value ≤0.001), physical activity (p-value ≤0.001), snacking habits (p-value 0.004), and sleep duration (p-value ≤0.001) with central obesity. However, it is not related to gender, education level, carbohydrate intake, fast food consumption habits, sweet foods/drinks, and fried foods.
Central obesity is one of the increasing health problems in the middle-adult age group. Lifestyle factors such as nutrient intake, physical activity, sleep duration, and emotional mental health are thought to contribute to this condition. This study aims to analyze the dominant factors in the incidence of central obesity in adults aged 40–59 years in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta. The study used a Cross Sectional with a quantitative approach and involved primary data collection through interviews and anthropometric measurements. The results of the multivariate test showed that excessive fat intake was the most dominant factor in the incidence of central obesity (p = 0.018; OR = 2.940; 95% CI = 1.206–7.168). Respondents with excessive fat intake had a 2.94 times greater risk of experiencing central obesity compared to respondents who were not excessive. Excessive fat consumption will be easily stored as visceral fat in the abdominal cavity, which directly contributes to an increase in waist circumference. Other factors such as energy intake, carbohydrates, protein, fiber, physical activity, sleep duration, and emotional mental health were also included in the multivariate model. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling fat consumption as a primary strategy for preventing central obesity in this age group.
Kata Kunci:Diabetes melitus, obesitas sentral, asupan.
Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease caused by insulin resistance in body cells,it will also causes some diseases of comordibity and metabolic syndrome such asabdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity in diabetics can be influenced by variousfactors such as food intake, lifestyles and others. This undergraduate thesis aims tosee the difference between abdominal obesity based on energy intake and otherfactors in diabetics. This study was conducted on diabetics in Puskesmas Jatinegara inApril 2017. The design of this study used Cross-sectional method over 133 people assample size. Abdominal circumference is determined by measurement usingmeasuring tape, physical activity and eating habits throughout GPAQ PhysicalActivity Questionnaire, 24-hour Food Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ). The results showed that based on abdominal circumference measurements asmuch as 85% of diabetics are abdominal obesity. The Independent T-Test stated thatthe variable fat intake, breakfast habits and knowledge level had significantdifferences with abdominal obesity. In order to reduce abdominal obesity rates indiabetics, it is advisable to promote the education on abdominal obesity and diet fordiabetics.
Keyword:Diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, food intake.
