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Latar Belakang : Waktu tunggu obat merupakan salah satu indikator rumah sakit untuk menilai kualitas pelayanan terhadap pasien. Waktu tunggu yang lama akan berdampak pada penurunan kepuasan pasien yang datang berobat ke rumah sakit. Standar pelayanan minimal waktu tunggu obat yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes yaitu kurang dari 60 menit untuk obat racikan dan kurang dari 30 menit untuk obat non racikan. Sepanjang tahun 2024 pencapaian data patient experience Mayapada Hospital Bogor untuk waktu tunggu obat racikan adalah 83% dan non racikan adalah 75%, masih dibawah target yang ditetapkan (>90%).
Tujuan : Menurunkan waktu tunggu obat racikan dan non racikan dengan menggunakan konsep Lean six sigma di Departemen Rawat Jalan Mayapada Hospital Bogor
Metode : Penelitian ini mempunyai desain operational research yang menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Peneliti melakukan observasi dengan time motion study. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling, dengan total sampel sebanyak 264 pasien yang berobat dan mendapat obat di rumah sakit. Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada shift berobat, dan jenis penjaminan yang telah ditetapkan.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan lean six sigma berhasil mengidentifikasi lead time waktu tunggu obat non racikan di Mayapada Hospital Bogor yaitu sebesar 1 jam 10 menit 45 detik dimana 78% merupakan kegiatan non-value added yang didominasi oleh waste tipe waiting sebesar 49 menit 55 detik. Sedangkan waktu tunggu obat racikan sebesar 57 menit 56 detik dimana 60% merupakan kegiatan non-value added yang didominasi oleh waste tipe waiting sebesar 28 menit 23 detik. Akar masalah dari memanjangnya waktu tunggu obat berada di fase pembayaran obat pada kegiatan konfirmasi penjamin, tunggu bayar dan pada fase penginputan obat pada kegiatan input resep. Penerapan lean six sigma dalam proses waktu tunggu obat racikan di Mayapada Hospital Bogor berhasil mengurangi lead time sebesar 23% post intervensi dan 14% pada tahap kontrol, dari 57 menit 56 detik menjadi 38 menit 30 detik, sedangkan penurunan lead time waktu tunggu obat non racikan mengalami penurunan 25% post intervensi dan 27% pada tahap kontrol, dari 1 jam 10 menit 45 detik menjadi 38 menit 16 detik pada tahap kontrol. Pengurangan lead time ini diikuti dengan penurunan waste di seluruh tahapan waktu tunggu obat, dengan penurunan waste terbesar terjadi pada fase penginputan resep, yaitu sebesar 69%, dari 4 menit 39 detik menjadi 1 menit 58 detik detik untuk obat racikan. Pada fase pembayaran sebesar 63% dari 52 menit 23 detik menjadi 24 menit 35 detik untuk obat non racikan.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan waktu tunggu obat racikan dan non racikan di Mayapada Hospital Bogor setelah penerapan lean six sigma. Penurunan waktu tunggu obat masih diatas target standar pelayanan minimal yang ditetapkan oleh Mayapada Hospital.
Background : Drug waiting time is one of the hospital indicators to assess the quality of service to patients. Long waiting times will have an impact on reducing the satisfaction of patients who come to the hospital for treatment. The minimum service standard for drug waiting time set by the Ministry of Health is less than 60 minutes for compounding drugs and less than 30 minutes for non compounding drugs. Throughout 2024, the achievement of Mayapada Hospital Bogor's patient experience data for waiting time for compounding drugs was 83% and non- compounding was 75%, still below the set target (>90%) Objective: Reducing the waiting time for compounding and non compounding drugs by using the Lean six sigma concept in the Outpatient Department of Mayapada Hospital Bogor Methodology : This study employs an operational research design combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher conducted observations using a time-motion study. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling, with a total sample size of 264 patients who received treatment and medication at the hospital. Sample selection was based on the distribution of days, treatment shifts, and types of insurance coverage as defined. Results : The study using the Lean Six Sigma approach successfully identified the lead time for non-compounded medication waiting time at Mayapada Hospital Bogor as 1 hour, 10 minutes, and 45 seconds, with 78% being non-value-added activities dominated by waiting-type waste of 49 minutes and 55 seconds. Meanwhile, the waiting time for compounded medications was 57 minutes and 56 seconds, with 60% being non-value-added activities dominated by waiting-type waste amounting to 28 minutes and 23 seconds. The root cause of the prolonged waiting time for medications lies in the medication payment phase during the insurance confirmation and payment waiting activities, as well as in the medication input phase during the prescription input activities. The implementation of Lean Six Sigma in the waiting time process for compounded medications at Mayapada Hospital Bogor successfully reduced lead time by 23% post-intervention and 14% during the control phase, from 57 minutes and 56 seconds to 38 minutes and 30 seconds. Meanwhile, the reduction in lead time for non-compounded medications decreased by 25% post-intervention and 27% during the control phase, from 1 hour 10 minutes 45 seconds to 38 minutes 16 seconds during the control phase. This reduction in lead time was accompanied by a decrease in waste across all stages of medication waiting time, with the largest reduction in waste occurring during the prescription input phase, amounting to 69%, from 4 minutes 39 seconds to 1 minute 58 seconds for compounded medications. In the payment phase, there was a 63% reduction from 52 minutes 23 seconds to 24 minutes 35 seconds for non-compounded medications. Conclusion : There was a reduction in waiting time for compounded and non-compounded medications at Mayapada Hospital Bogor after the implementation of Lean Six Sigma. The reduction in medication waiting time remains above the minimum service standard target set by Mayapada Hospital.
Latar Belakang : Length of stay (LOS) atau ideal time merupakan salah satu indikator penilaian key performance indicator (KPI) patient experience untuk menilai pelayanan IGD. Pencapaian LOS di IGD Mayapada Hospital Bogor baru tercapai 91% di bulan September dari target 100% dengan angka variasi waktu pelayanan yang cukup tinggi.
Metodologi : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian operational research dengan menggabungkan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix methode) dan teknik stratified random sampling untuk metode pengambilan sampel dengan jumlah sebanyak 240 pasien IGD. Penentuan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin.
Hasil Pembahasan : Pada penelitian ini ditemukan waste waiting sebagai penyebab masalah berdasarkan analisa pareto adalah pada kegiatan menunggu hasil laboratorium sebesar 28% (00:36:20), menunggu hasil radiologi sebesar 21% (00:27:38), persiapan obat, alkes dan oplos obat sebesar 19% (00:24:42) dan menunggu keputusan rawat inap sebesar 23% (00:30:11) dengan total keseluruhan sebesar 91%. Intervensi dengan implementasi lean six sigma yang dilakukan mampu menurunkan angka lead time sebesar (↓ 27,7%) dari 3 jam 59 menit 20 detik menjadi 2 jam 53 menit 2 detik dengan menghilangkan kegiatan non value added sebesar (↓ 37%) dari 2 jam 7 menit 4 detik menjadi 1 jam 20 menit 23 detik. Pada fase kontrol LOS pasien IGD menunjukan penurunan angka lead time sebesar 18% yaitu 2 jam 21 menit 23 detik dan penurunan kegiatan non value added menjadi 51 menit 7 detik
Kesimpulan : Intervensi lean six sigma dengan menggunakan tools standardize work, heijunka, 5S dan brainstorming terbukti mampu menurunkan waktu length of stay pelayanan pasien IGD.
Background : Length of stay (LOS) or ideal time, is one of the key performance indicators (KPIs) used to assess patient experience in emergency department (ED) services. LOS achievement in the ED reached only 91% of the target 100% in September at Mayapada Hospital Bogor, with a high variation in service time. Methodology : This study uses an operational research design, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods (mixed methods), and employs stratified random sampling techniques. The sampel size consisted of 240 ED patients, determined using the Slovin formula. Results and Discussion: In this study, the identified cause of the problem based on pareto analysis was waste due to waiting, with the following breakdown : waiting for laboratory results accounted for 28% (00:36:20), waiting for radiology results 21% (00:27:38), preparation of medications, medical devices, and drug mixing 19% (00:24:42), and waiting for inpatient admission decisions 23% (00:30:11), comprising a total of 91%. The intervention through the implementation of lean six sigma successfully reduced lead time by 27.7%, from 3 hours 59 minutes 20 seconds to 2 hours 53 minutes 2 seconds, by eliminating non–value-added activities by 37%, from 2 hours 7 minutes 4 seconds to 1 hour 20 minutes 23 seconds. In the control phase, the Emergency Department patient length of stay (LOS) showed a lead time reduction of 18%, equivalent to 2 hours, 21 minutes, and 23 seconds, and a decrease in non-value-added activities to 51 minutes and 7 seconds. During the control phase, the length of stay (LOS) for emergency department (ED) patients showed a further lead time reduction of 18%, reaching 2 hours 21 minutes 23 seconds, with a reduction in non–value-added activities to 51 minutes 7 seconds. Conclusion : Lean Six Sigma interventions, utilizing tools such as standardized work, heijunka, 5S, and brainstorming, effectively reduced the length of stay for ED patients.
Latar Belakang : Waktu tunggu sering kali dijadikan indikator untuk menilai kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit oleh pasien. Salah satu aspek yang menjadi perhatian adalah waktu tunggu untuk pemulangan pasien. Data RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro tahun 2023 menunjukkan rata-rata waktu tunggu pasien adalah 87 menit dengan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan antara pasien dengan penjaminan pribadi (66 menit) dan penjaminan asuransi (121 menit). Data rata-rata waktu tunggu tersebut terhitung sejak dokter memberikan instruksi pulang hingga pasien melakukan billing akhir. Data tersebut belum terhitung hingga pasien meninggalkan ruang rawat inap. Standar pelayanan minimal waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes yaitu kurang dari 120 menit. Pencapaian waktu tunggu pasien yang keluar dalam waktu ≤ 2 jam tercatat sebesar 88%, meskipun masih belum memenuhi target korporat yang ditetapkan sebesar 100%.
Metode : Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain operational research yang mengintegrasikan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling, dengan total sampel sebanyak 38 pasien yang pulang setelah menjalani rawat inap. Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada distribusi hari, jam kepulangan, dan jenis metode penjaminan yang telah ditetapkan.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan lean six sigma berhasil mengidentifikasi lead time pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro sebesar 5 jam 10 menit 54 detik dimana 69% merupakan kegiatan non value added yang didominasi oleh waste tipe waiting sebesar 3 jam 14 menit 23 detik. Akar masalah dari memanjangnya waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap berada di fase III pada kegiatan menunggu pasien meninggalkan ruang rawat inap. Penerapan lean six sigma dalam proses pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro berhasil mengurangi lead time sebesar 16%, dari 5 jam 10 menit 54 detik menjadi 4 jam 21 menit 25 detik. Pengurangan lead time ini diikuti dengan penurunan waste di seluruh tahapan pemulangan pasien, dengan penurunan waste terbesar terjadi pada fase I, yaitu sebesar 44%, dari 1 jam 3 menit 27 detik menjadi 35 menit 46 detik.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro setelah penerapan lean six sigma. Penurunan waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap masih diatas target standar pelayanan minimal yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes.
Background : Waiting time is often used as an indicator to assess the quality of hospital services by patients. One aspect of concern is the waiting time for patient discharge. Data from Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital in 2023 showed that the average patient waiting time was 87 minutes with a significant difference between patients with personal guarantees (66 minutes) and insurance guarantees (121 minutes). The average waiting time data is calculated from when the doctor gives instructions to go home until the patient makes the final billing. The data does not include until the patient leaves the inpatient room. The minimum service standard for inpatient discharge waiting time set by the Ministry of Health is less than 120 minutes. The achievement of waiting time for patients who leave within ≤ 2 hours was recorded at 88%, although it still does not meet the corporate target set at 100%. Method : This study adopted an operational research design that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling, with a total sample of 38 patients who returned home after undergoing inpatient care. Sample selection was based on the distribution of days, hours of discharge, and types of guarantee methods that had been determined. Hasil : The results of the study using the lean six sigma approach successfully identified the lead time for inpatient discharge at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital of 5 hours 10 minutes 54 seconds, where 69% were non-value added activities dominated by waiting type waste of 3 hours 14 minutes 23 seconds. The root of the problem of the long waiting time for inpatient discharge is in phase III in the activity of waiting for the patient to leave the inpatient room. The application of lean six sigma in the inpatient discharge process at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital successfully reduced the lead time by 16%, from 5 hours 10 minutes 54 seconds to 4 hours 21 minutes 25 seconds. This reduction in lead time was followed by a decrease in waste in all stages of patient discharge, with the largest decrease in waste occurring in phase I, which was 44%, from 1 hour 3 minutes 27 seconds to 35 minutes 46 seconds. Kesimpulan : There is a decrease in the waiting time for discharge of inpatients at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital after the implementation of lean six sigma. The decrease in the waiting time for discharge of inpatients is still above the minimum service standard target set by the Ministry of Health.
Latar Belakang : Komponen utama dalam penilaian kinerja keuangan rumah sakit adalah pendapatan dari layanan kesehatan. Tantangan yang dihadapi rumah sakit dapat meliputi pengelolaan klaim Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), efisiensi operasional, serta penanganan biaya operasional yang terus meningkat. Data RSUP Fatmawati memperlihatkan sumber utama pendapatan berasal dari pembayaran klaim JKN yang diajukan rumah sakit ke BPJS Kesehatan. Proporsi penerimaan terbesar berasal dari klaim pelayanan pasien JKN, yaitu sebesar 86% pada tahun 2023, dan 84% pada tahun 2024. Data pengajuan klaim 3 bulan terakhir menunjukkan jumlah pengajuan klaim RSUP Fatmawati rata-rata 68%, jauh dari target kinerja yang ditetapkan Direktur Utama, yaitu sebesar 95%.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan design experimental dengan pendekatan operational research. Pendekatan operational research dapat digunakan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan langkah kerja baru, sehingga proses menjadi lebih efisien. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini ditetapkan berdasarkan Central Limit Theorem, yaitu minimal 30 (tiga puluh) rekam medis. Teknik sampling menggunakan metode simple random sampling.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan lean six sigma didapatkan lead time pengolahan klaim JKN pelayanan rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati yaitu 54 jam 40 menit 31 detik, sebesar 97% merupakan kegiatan non value added yang didominasi waste jenis waiting yaitu 52 jam 50 menit 11 detik. Identifikasi akar masalah didapatkah bahwa lamanya waktu pengolahan berkas klaim JKN pelayanan rawat inap disebabkan oleh adanya proses menunggu berkas fisik oleh verifikator internal pada fase hilir (pasca perawatan). Implementasi lean six sigma berhasil menurunkan lead time sebesar 56%, dari 54 jam 40 menit 31 detik menjadi 24 jam 6 menit 52 detik. Penurunan lead time ini disertai dengan reduksi waste, dengan reduksi waste terbesar pada jenis waiting sebesar 58%, dari 52 jam 50 menit 11 detik menjadi 22 jam 30 menit 0 detik.
Kesimpulan : Implementasi lean six sigma secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi waktu dalam pengolahan berkas klaim JKN pelayanan rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati.
Background : The main component in assessing hospital financial performance is revenue from healthcare services. Challenges faced by hospitals may include managing National Health Insurance (JKN) claims, operational efficiency, and handling rising operational costs. Data from Fatmawati General Hospital shows that the main source of revenue comes from JKN claims submitted by the hospital to the Health Social Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan). The largest proportion of revenue comes from JKN patient service claims, accounting for 86% in 2023 and 84% in 2024. Data on claim submissions over the past three months shows that the average claim submission rate at RSUP Fatmawati is 68%, far below the performance target set by the Director General, which is 95%. Methodology : This study employs an experimental design with an operational research approach. Operational research can be used to design and develop new work procedures, thereby enhancing process efficiency. The sample size in this study was determined based on the Central Limit Theorem, with a minimum of 30 (thirty) medical records. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. Results : The results of the study using the lean six sigma approach showed that the lead time for processing JKN inpatient claims at RSUP Fatmawati was 54 hours, 40 minutes, and 31 seconds, with 97% being non-value-added activities dominated by waiting waste, which accounted for 52 hours, 50 minutes, and 11 seconds. The root cause analysis identified that the prolonged processing time for JKN inpatient claim documents was due to the waiting process for physical documents by internal verifiers in the downstream phase (post-treatment). The implementation of Lean Six Sigma successfully reduced the lead time by 56%, from 54 hours, 40 minutes, and 31 seconds to 24 hours, 6 minutes, and 52 seconds. This reduction in lead time was accompanied by a reduction in waste, with the largest reduction in waiting time at 58%, from 52 hours, 50 minutes, and 11 seconds to 22 hours, 30 minutes, and 0 seconds. Conclusion : The implementation of Lean Six Sigma significantly improved the effectiveness and efficiency of processing JKN inpatient claims at Fatmawati General Hospital.
Kata Kunci: Pengurusan Administrasi pasien pulang, Lean Six Sigma, Rawat Inap
In 2017 the average waiting time for the process of Discharged Patients Administration at Eka Pekanbaru Hospital is 246 minutes (> 2 hours), it causes patient complaint so it is necessary to analyze the causes of the long waiting time with the Lean-Six Sigma approach to be able to see the waste that occurs. This is operational research that uses quantitative and qualitative design. The result of this research showed that the Discharged Patients Administration in hospital begins from the instruction of the doctor that the patient can go home until the patient receives an administrative payment receipt. The results of this research were also described with the value stream mapping that showed lead time of discharged patients administration process is 356,42 minutes, with value added 70,49 minutes (22,58%), and non value added 285,93 minutes (77,42%). The longest process occurs on nursing unit and inpatient administration unit. The longest waste is waiting waste of 193,33 minutes (69,44%) of the total waste that found. Based on fishbone diagram analysis it is known that most of the root cause of discharged patients administration process problem come from man category. Based on that analysis, improvements proposed are work standardization, coordination meeting, increase of supervision, and implementation of heijunka
Key words: Discharged Patients Administration, Lean Six Sigma, Inpatient.
