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Salah satu upaya agar memperoleh sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas di masa datang dengan memperhatikan keadaan gizi balita umumnya dan anak usia 6-17 bulan khususnya. Kemiskinan erat hubungannya dengan keadaan gizi balita, karena keterbatasan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar antara lain makanan. Umumnya anak yang hidup di dalam keluarga miskin menderita gangguan pertumbuhan dan kurang gizi, tetapi kenyataannya dalam keadaan sosial ekonomi miskin masih terdapat anak-anak dengan status gizi baik, sehingga timbul pertanyaan faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan anak keluarga miskin mempunyai status gizi baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan pada keluarga miskin di Jakarta Utara, kabupaten Bogor dan kabupaten Lombok Barat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan jumlah sampel yang diolah 479 orang anak dari 540 orang anak yang ada pada studi penyimpangan positif masalah KEP di Jakarta Utara, kabupaten Bogor dan kabupaten Lombok Timur. Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi gizi baik pada anak usia 6-17 bulan di Jakarta Utara 64,7%,kabupaten Bogor 63,1%, kabupten Lombok Timur 59,3% dan secara keseluruhannya 62,4%. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) asupan energi dan asupan protein dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-1.7 bulan di Jakarta Utara, ada hubungan yang bermakna pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di kabupaten Bogor, ada hubungan yang bermakna pola asuh anak dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di kabupaten Lombok Timur dan ada hubungan yang bermakna pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dan keadaan rumah dengan status gizi basi anak usia 6-17 bulan pada total di tiga lokasi penelitian. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik ganda juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan adalah asupan protein di Jakarta Utara, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi di kabupaten Bogor, pola asuh anak di kabupaten Lombok Timur dan keadaan rumah pada total di tiga lokasi penelitian. Dan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proporsi gizi baik masih rendah dan adanya variasi faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di daerah miskin. Untuk itu Dinas Kesehatan kabupaten/kota dalam perencanaan perbaikan status gizi anak usia 6-17 bulan di daerah miskin tidak disamakan di semua lokasi tetapi dibedakan dengan melihat faktor dominan dimasing-masing lokasi dan perlunya perbaikan lingkungan perumahan yang disertai dengan penyuluhan perilaku hidup sehat. Untuk Puskemas perlu meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi melalui program promosi gizi seimbang di masyarakat.

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Factors Related to Good Nutritional Status of Children Age 6-17 Months Old Among Poor Families in Northern Jakarta, Bogor District, and Eastern Lombok District in 1999. (Secondary Data Analysis)Among others, concern on under five nutritional status in general and children age 6-17 months old in particular is one important effort to improve the quality of human resource in the future. Poverty is closely related to the nutritional status of under five due to limitation to fulfill basic needs including food In general, children live within poor families suffered from growth retardation and under nutrition. However, within the poor socioeconomic environment, children with good nutritional status still can be found. This raises questions on what factors contribute to good nutritional status among poor families. The aim of this study is to investigate factors related to good nutritional status of children age 6-17 months old among poor families in Northern Jakarta, Bogor district, and Eastern Lombok district in 1999. Design of this study is cross sectional with number of sample of analysis 479 out of 540 children who were included in the positive deviance study on protein energy malnutrition in Northern Jakarta, Bogor district, and Eastern Lombok district. The study shows the proportion of children age 6-17 months old with good nutritional status are 64.7% in Northern Jakarta, 63.1% Bogor district, 59.3% in Eastern Lombok and the overall proportion is 62A%. The chi square test exhibits. significant association (p<0.45) between energy and protein intakes with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Northern Jakarta, significant association between mother's nutrition knowledge with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Bogor district, significant association between child care practices and good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Eastern Lombok district, and significant association between mother's nutrition knowledge and house condition with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that the most dominant factors for good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old are protein intake in Northern Jakarta, mother's nutrition knowledge in Bogor district, child care practices in Eastern Lombok district, and house condition for overall places. The study result concludes that the proportion of good nutritional status is still low and there is variation of dominant factors related to good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in poor areas. District Health Service have to consider the variation of determinant by making the planning of improvement of nutritional status not similar to the other districts. The planning has to be based on the real situation and the determinants which have been identified as main caused of nutritional status in each districts. There is a need to improve mother's nutrition knowledge through promotion of balance of nutrition and through promotion of nutrition in Posyandu as well as innovation of affordable nutrition balance.

Abstrak: Rekomendasi angka kecukupan gizi menunjukan lebih tingginya kebutuhan energi dan protein saat laktasi dibandingkan saat hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsumsi energi dan protein pada ibu menyusui di Kecamatan Beji Depok tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari studi intervensi gizi (Fikawati, 2015) yang menggunakan design penelitian kohort prospective pada ibu menyusui di Kota Depok. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 201 ibu menyusui yang dipantau hingga 6 bulan postpartum sejak Juni 2015-Juli 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional menggunakan analisis uji chi-square. Variabel yang diteliti adalah usia ibu, paritas, jumlah balita, frekuensi menyusui, konsumsi energi ibu saat hamil, status gizi ibu postpartum, pendidikan, status bekerja ibu, dan pengeluaran biaya makanan keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan bermakna antara konsumsi energi ibu hamil dengan konsumsi ibu menyusui dan konsumsi protein ibu hamil dengan konsumsi ibu menyusui. Ibu yang konsumsi energi saat hamilnya rendah beresiko 6 kali lebih besar untuk mengonsumsi energi yang rendah selama menyusui setelah dikontrol dengan variabel status gizi ibu postpartum dan status ibu bekerja ibu yang konsumsi protein saat hamilnya rendah beresiko 2 kali lebih besar untuk mengonsumsi protein yang rendah selama menyusui. Direkomendasikan perlunya informasi kepada ibu tentang pentingnya konsumsi energi dan protein saat menyusui karena kebutuhannya yang tinggi penting dalam produksi ASI selama periode menyusui. Kata kunci : konsumsi energi dan protein, ibu menyusui Recommended nutritional adequacy rates show higher energy and protein requirements during lactation than during pregnancy. In fact, lactating mothers consumed lower energy and protein. This study aims to determine factors related to energy and protein consumption in lactating mothers in Beji Depok sub-district in 2016. This study used secondary data from a nutrition intervention study (Fikawati, 2015) using a prospective cohort study design in lactating mothers in Kota Depok. The sample of the study were 201 breastfeeding mothers who were monitored for up to 6 months postpartum from June 2015-July 2016. This study was conducted cross sectional using chi-square test analysis. The variables studied were maternal age, parity, number of infants, breastfeeding frequency, maternal energy consumption during pregnancy, postpartum maternal nutritional status, education, mother's working status, and family food expenses. The results showed a significant relationship between energy consumption of pregnant women with the consumption of breastfeeding mothers and protein consumption of pregnant women with breastfeeding mothers consumption. Mothers with low energy consumption during pregnancy are 6 times more likely to consume low energy during breastfeeding after controlled by maternal postpartum status variables and maternal working mother status when protein consumption at low pregnancy is twice as likely to consume low protein during breastfeeding . It is recommended that mother be informed of the importance of energy and protein consumption while breastfeeding because of the high importance of breast milk production during the breastfeeding period. Keywords : energy and protein consumption, lactating mothers

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Status gizi baik anak baduta keluarga miskin merupakan suatu keadaan bahwa diantara anak baduta yang hidup di lingkungan dan kondisi dengan sosial ekonomi yang rendah terdapat anak baduta dengan status gizi baik (63,9%). Dalam situasi dan tekanan ekonomi yang terjadi mereka dapat beradaptasi untuk bertahan dan mempunyai kemampuan untuk tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik dibandingkan dengan anak-anak lainya. Faktor-¬faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak baduta gakin antara lain karakteristik ibu (pengetahuan gizi, pendidikan, pekerjaan), karakteristik anak (berat lahir, umur awal pemberian MP-ASI), karakteristik keluarga (jumlah anggota keluarga, keadaan rumah tinggal, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, urutan anak, biaya pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga), pola makan (konsumsi energi, konsumsi protein, status pemberian ASI), riwayat penyakit infeksi (ISPA, diare), pola asuh (gizi, kesehatan). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui garnbaran status gizi anak baduta keluarga miskin di wilayah Puskesmas Sambas dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak baduta tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 190 orang (total sampel) dan untuk melengkapi informasi dilakukan pendekatan kualitatif melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada kelompok ibu dengan anak status gizi baik dan kelompok ibu dengan anak status gizi kurang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik dan tingkat kemaknaan p≥0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi gizi baik anak baduta gakin 48,4%, pada analisis bivariat hubungan variabel pengetahuan gizi ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, berat lahir anak, umur awal pemberian MP-ASI, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, status pemberian ASI, riwayat penyakit infeksi, perilaku gizi dan kesehatan ibu dengan status gizi anak baduta secara staistik terbukti bermakna dengan (p<0,05), sedangkan hubungan keadaan rumah tinggal, urutan anak, konsumsi energi protein dengan status gizi anak baduta tidak terbukti bermakna dengan (p>0,O5). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang paling menonjol (dominan) adalah umur awal pemberian MP¬ASI setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pengetahuan gizi ibu, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, berat tahir anak dart penyakit infeksi. Berdasarkan basil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa proporsi gizi baik makin menurun dan adanya beberapa faktor dominan yang berperan terhadap status gizi baik anak baduta di daerah miskin. Oleh karena itu maka saran lebih ditujukan pada usaha-usaha promosi gizi dan kesehatan terutama menyangkut faktor-faktor tersebut oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sambas.Untuk Puskesmas perlu dipikirkan berbagai cara pendekatan dalam rangka penjangkauan kelompok berisiko seperti bumil, ibu menyusui, WUS sehingga informasi mengenai gizi dan kesehatan akan dapat dengan mudah disebarkan dan diserap antara lain dengan menambah frekuensi penyuluhan terutama kelompok rawan gizi di daerah miskin.

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Good nutrient status of under two years old children of poor families is a condition that among under two years old children living in an environment and low social economic condition there are under two years old children possessing good nutrient status (63.9%). In the situation with such economical pressure, they can adapt to survive and having good ability to grow and develop compared to other children. Factors related to the good nutrient status of this under two years old children are characteristic of mother ( nutrient knowledge, education, occupation), children's characteristic (born weight, age of first complementary food consumption), family's characteristic ( number of family member, situation of the house, number of children under five years old in the family, order of children, spending budget for food), food pattern (energy consumption, protein consumption, status of mother's milk consumption), history of infectious disease (respiratory tract infection, diarrhea), caring pattern (nutrition, health). The purposes of the research were to describe the nutrient status of under two years old children of the poor families in the local area of Sambas Public Health Centre and to determine factors related with good nutrient status of the under two years old children. The research used cross sectional design with totally 190 persons as sample and for completion of information, qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussion in the. group of mother possessing children with good nutrition status and with bad nutrition status was performed. The obtained data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate with regression logistic test using degree of significance p ?0,05. The research results showed that proportion of under two years children possessing good nutrient was 48.4%. Based on bivariate analysis, statistically there is significant correlation of nutrient knowledge of mother, mother education, mother occupation, children born weight, age of first complementary food consumption - mother' milk, number of family member, number of children under five years old in the family, status of mother's milk consumption, history of infectious disease, nutrient behavior and mother's health with the nutrient status of under two year old children (p<0,05). However, there is not significant correlation of house situation, order of children, energy consumption, protein consumption with the nutrient status of under two years old children (p>0,05). Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant variable was age of first complementary food consumption-mother's milk) after controlled by variable of nutrient knowledge of mother, number of children under five years old in the family, children born weight and infectious disease. Based on the research's results, it is concluded that the proportion of good nutrient get lower and someof dominant factors contributing to good nutrient status of under two years children in poor area were observed. Therefore, the Public Health Service of the city of Sambas is suggested to carry out promotion of nutrition and health, approach ways to reach the risk groups such as pregnant women, breast feeding mother and women in productive age, so that information about nutrition and health is spread and absorbed easily by adding the frequency of illumination especially to the nutrition disturbed groups in the poor area.