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Breast cancer cases in worldwide has increased sharply in the last ten years, especiallyin women. In recent decades, changes in diet trend occurred in various countries. The purposeof this study was to determine the dietary relationship to breast cancer in women aged 15years and over in Indonesia. The study was conducted with a cross sectional design with thesource of data used is Riskesdas 2013. The results shows that women with unhealthy diets havehigher odds of having breast cancer (OR = 1.14), as well as other risk factors are consumptionof sweet foods ( OR = 1.53), fat (OR = 2.41), and caffeine (OR = 2.22) after controlled by age,marital status, education, occupation, residence, the use of hormonal contraception, andphysical activity. Thus, it is recommended for women aged 15 years and over in Indonesia toincrease fruit and vegetable consumption and limiting consumption of sugary foods, fattyfoods, and caffeine to prevent breast cancer.Keywords:diet, breast cancer, women.
Pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan berhubungan secara tidak langsung dengan kematian ibu dan kematian bayi. Tingginya angka kematian ibu disebabkan adanya komplikasi persalinan dan terlambat dalam merujuk kasus yang berisiko tinggi, sedangkan tingginya angka kematian bayi disebabkan persalinan yang kurang bersih (steril) yang berisiko untuk terkena tetanus neonalorum. Pemanfaaatan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan dapat menangani komplikasi persalinan, dapat cepat mendeteksi kasus berisiko tinggi, dan merupakan persalinan yang higienis. Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan cakupan persalinan tenaga kesehatan antara lain program Bidan di Desa (BdD), namun sampai sekarang cakupan persalinan masih tetap dibawah target. Pemanfaatan tenaga persalinan berkaitan dengan faktor sosio budaya masyarakat setempat dan karakteristik ibu. Untuk meningkatkan cakupan pemanfaatan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan, sangat memerlukan pengetahuan tentang faktor sosio budaya masyarakat dan karaktersitik ibu tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan di Indonesia tahun 1997. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder dari 20.080 responden yang merupakan responden dari Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 1997, Variabel yang diteliti adalah umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, paritas, riwayat kehamilan ibu, antenatal care, kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, kebiasaan mendengar radio, kebiasaan menonton televisi, dan pendidikan suami. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional, dengan sampel adalah ibu yang pernah melahirkan. Data dikumpulkan dan diolah dengan perangkat lunak statistik khusus desain kompleks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan bahwa pemanfaatan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan (48,17 %) lebih rendah daripada pemanfaatan non tenaga kesehatan (51,83 %). Uji bivariat menemukan bahwa adanya hubungan antara pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan dengan umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, riwayat kehamilan, antenatal care, kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, kebiasaan mendengar radio, kebiasaan menonton televisi, dan pendidikan suami (pvalue <0,05), juga ditemukan tidak ada hubungan antara pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan dengan paritas. Dan hasil uji multivariat ditemukan model yang terbaik dari deteminan pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan adalah pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, riwayat kehamilan, antenatal care kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, kebiasaan menonton televisi, dan pendidikan suami dan adanya variabel interaksi yang signifikan yaitu pendidikan dengan kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, pendidikan dengan antenatal care, dan tingkat sosial ekonomi dengan pendidikan suami. Pendidikan yang tinggi akan memudahkan penyerapan dan penerimaan informasi kesehatan terutama tentang pelayanan kesehatan kehamilan dan persalinan , tingkat sosial ekonomi yang rendah mendorong pemanfaatan non tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan, dikarenakan non tenaga kesehatan dapat dibayar murah dan dapat dicicil. Pada keterpaparan ibu terhadap media massa ditemukan media massa dapat mendorong ibu untuk memanfaatkan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan. Pendidikan suami yang tinggi akan mendukung pengambilan keputusan untuk memanfaatkan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan. Berdasarkan hasil yang ditemukan, maka saran yang diajukan antara lain memberdayakan masyarakat terutama wanita dalam bidang pendidikan dan ekonomi, sehingga masyarakat terutama wanita dapat hidup mandiri dan berkualitas.
The utilization of delivery services related to the maternal mortally and the baby also. The increasing of maternal mortality is caused of complication and there is not konwledge about the high risk of delivery, and the increasing mortality of the baby is caused of unsterile delivery that can cause neonatorum tetanus. The utilization of delivery services is espacted to handle the complilcation and detect the high risk case of delivery to provide a hygenic delivery. There are so many ways to increase the scope of delivery services such as the midwife program in villages (BBD), but until now the scope of delivery is still under the target. The utilization of delivery service related to the sociological cultural factor and maternal characteristic in order to increase the scope of the utilization of delivery services. The purpose of this research is to know the factors that related to the utilization of delivery services in Indonesia in 1997. This research is a secondary data analysis from 20.080 respondents of demography survey and Indonesian health (SDKI) in 1997. The research consist of mother's age, educattion, social economic level, pregnancy history, antenatal care, the habit of reading a news paper, listening to the radio, watching televisionn and husband's education. Design of this research is cross sectional, and the sample is all of the woman who deliver their babies. This data is collected and made using the soft ware STATA version 6.0. The result of this research shows that the utilization of health services (49,8 %). The result of bivariat analysis shows that there is a relationship between the utilization of delivery services with mother's age, education, social economic level, pregnancy history, antenatal care, the habit of reading a newsaper, listtening to the radio,watching television and husband's education (pvalue <0,05) and there is no relationship between the utilization of delivery services and paritas. By multivariat analysis is found a great model from determinant of utilization of delivery services such as mother's education, social economic level, pregnancy history, antenatal care, the habit of reading a news paper, watching television and husband's education also the significant interaction variable that is education with the habit of reading a news paper, education with anternal care and social economic level husband's education. Education is a way to make the people easy to receive the health information especially about health care, pregnancy and delivery, low secial economic level makes the utilization of non health service as a delivery service because they can pay with the lower price. By reading, they can receive a knowledge and realize that it is important to delivered their babies by halped of delivery services. Husband's education influece also. Based on result of this research, it is important to develop the human resources, especially women in economic and education fields, so that the people can stand by them selves and live in good quality.
Cigarettes become one of the biggest public health threats in the world that have ever faced, and killed nearly six million people a year. In 2013 Indonesia was placed in first rank as the state with the highest cigarette consumers in Southeast Asia, the number of consumers reached 46,16%. Based on Susenas (2001) and Riskesdas (2011), the prevalence of smoking in the age group 10-14 years has increased nearly double, where in 2001 the trend of smoking age group 10-14 years is 9,5%, and it became 17,5% in 2010.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of religiousity and type of school to adolescent sexual behavior. The chosen schools are one of regular schools (hereinafter referred to as SMAN) and one of islamicschools (hereinafter referred to as MAN) in East Jakarta, as many as 113respondents from SMAN and 123 respondents from MAN randomly selectedfrom first grade and second grade (social and natural science).
The purpose of this research is to examine association between patient’s educational level with early diagnosis of breast cancer at inpatient care of Ciptomangunkusumo’s Hospital year 2012. This research applied cross sectional design. Data were collected from secondary sources, using medical record data. The result of the research shows that patient’s educational level associated with early diagnosis (OR=2,25) and that risk will be higher if it controlled with employment status, hormonal contraceptive use, and participation of health insurance. (OR=7,69)
