Abstrak:

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Background: Depok City experienced an increase of 110 cervical cancer cases in 2021-2022. Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV immunization program in Indonesia is integrated with school immunization. The national HPV coverage in 2021 is 78.5% at dose 1 and 60.6% at dose 2 and the latest coverage data for Depok City in 2023 is 85.3% (below the 90% target). Immunization coverage depends on the role of parents as decision makers for child immunization. This study aims to find the determinants of children's HPV immunization status, especially from the parents' aspect and get information on the reasons why children do not receive the vaccine. Methods: The study design used was cross sectional with cluster random sampling technique. This study conducted univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results: HPV immunization coverage in the sample population was 79.2%. The top two reasons for not vaccinating children were lack of information from the school (41.5%) and sickness or absence from school (26.8%). Bivariate analysis showed that low perceived parental barriers (OR 3.57; 95% CI: 1.69-7.51) and parents who received enough information support from providers (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.14-7.22) had greater odds of HPV immunization. Conclusions: The high number of uninformed parents/guardians from schools and missed immunizations implies the need to evaluate information delivery procedures and proactively contact parents/guardians of recurrent missed immunizations.

Abstrak:

Kecamatan Jenamas berbatasan secara langsung dengan perairan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara dan penduduknya mempunyai kebiasaan yang sama, yaitu memakan tumbuhan air segar yang masih mentah dan menggunakan air yang berasal dari sungai, danau dan rawa untuk keperluan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan survei fasciolopsiasis tahun 1997/1998 pada kelompok anak usia sekolah di dua desa didapatkan 6,38% ; 2,74% dan lebih dari 50% murid kelas 4-6 Sekolah Dasar. Pada tahun 1998/1999 dilakukan di populasi diperoleh angka prevalensi 2,6%. Angka ini diduga akan semakin meningkat.Lingkungan secara teori merupakan faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan. Pada kejadian fasciolopsiasis ini kondisi lingkungan tidak mengalami perubahan namun bagaimana perilaku masyarakat untuk menghadapi lingkungan tersebut menjadi penting.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku hidup bersih pada anak sekolah dasar dengan kejadian fasciolopsiasis di Desa Rantau Kujang dan Rantau Bahuang Kecamatan Jenamas Kabupaten Barito Selatan tahun 2002. Populasi penelitian adalah anak sekolah dasar di desa Rantau Kujang dan Rantau Bahuang Kecamatan Jenamas dengan jumlah sampel 194 yang diambil secara Simple Random Sampling dan menggunakan desain kros seksional.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian fasciolopsiasis pada anak sekolah dasar di dua desa Kecamatan Jenamas adalah 30,9%, berperilaku buruk 49% (yaitu tidak selalu mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun sebelum makan 60,3%; tidak selalu mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun setelah BAB 35,1%; tidak selalu memotong dan membersihkan kuku 56,2%; tidak menggunakan air bersih untuk gosok gigi 52,1% pernah minum air mentah 25,3%; pernah berenang di sungai/danau/rawa 67,5%; makan tumbuhan air mentah 39,2% dan BAB di tempat yang mencemari lingkungan 63,9%).Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku hidup bersih dengan kejadian fasciolopsiasis (Odds Ratio = 3,40). Setelah faktor sumber air minum sebagai faktor konfounding dikendalikan, maka hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dengan kejadian fasciolopsiasis sebesar 3,89.Penelitian ini menyarankan agar pemberantasan kecacingan dilaksanakan sampai pada pengobatan massal selektif dilakukan intervensi perilaku anak berupa program pendidikan kesehatan, bagi Dinas Kesehatan untuk melakukan kerjasama dengan instansi terkait seperti Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan untuk melakukan upaya pemberantasan terutama pada anak sekolah yang jelas sangat merugikan. Perlu penelitian yang lebih lanjut dalam Skala yang lebih luas dengan menggunakan desain yang lebih baik antara lain kasus kontrol serta menilai komponen-komponen perilaku apa saja yang benar-benar menjadi faktor risiko kejadian fasciolopsiasis.

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Kecamatan Jenamas is directly bordered through water with Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara whereas the occupant have the same habitually, that is eating uncooked fresh water plants and also using water for their daily necessity from river, lake and swamp. Based on surveyed of fasciolopsiasis on 1997/1998 among the student group of elementary school in the two villages was shown 6.38%; 2.74% and more than 50% were found among the student from class 4-6. During the year of 1998/1999 the prevalent rate was 2.6%. This rate supposes will be increased from time to time.Theoretically health is influenced by some factor like environment problem. In the fasciolopsiasis problem, the environment condition is not changed but how the behavior of local population to face of that environment is very important.The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship of hygienic behavior against the fasciolopsiasis occurrence among the elementary school student in the villages of Rantau Kujang and Rantau Bahuang, Kecamatan Jenamas, Kabupaten Barito Selatan in 2002. Research population like the student of elementary school in two villages of Rantau Kujang and Rantau Bahuang, Kecamatan Jenamas with amount of stool sample were 194 which was taken through Simple Random Sampling by using cross-sectional design.Result of this research was shown prevalent of fasciolopsiasis among the elementary school student in that two villages of Kecamatan Jenamas were 30.9%, which have bad behavior 49% (rarely to washing hands with water and soap before eat 60.3%, rarely to washing hands with water and soap after mired 35.1%, rarely of cutting and cleaning fingernail 56.2%, not using clear water for teeth brushing 52.1%, ever drink uncooked water 25.3%, ever swimming in the river/lake/swamp 67.5%, eating uncooked water plants 39.2% and mired in the place which can contaminate of area 63.9%).This research was suggest that elimination of worm disease must be done up to selective mass treatment, do intervention to children behavior such as healthy education program, for Health Service together with Cultural and Education Department for eliminating efforts in the student of elementary school. It is also needed to continue such research in the bigger scale by using another better design such as case control and to value what else behavior that really became the risk factor for fasciolopsiasis occurrence.File Digital: 1

Abstrak:

Abstrak: Pneumonia adalah proses infeksi akut yang mengenai jaringan paru-paru (alveoli). Definisi pneumonia yang diperkenalkan oleh WHO pada tahun 1989 dan dipakai oleh Depkes RI dalam program penanggulangan ISPA/pneumonia secara nasional adalah suatu penyakit dengan gejala batuk pilek yang disertai napas sesak atau napas cepat.Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh gangguan saluran pernapasan di Kota Tasikmalaya terdapat pada urutan pertama dari 10 besar penyakit terbanyak yang melaksanakan rawat jalan ke puskesmas yaitu 18,10%. Sedangkan khusus yang disebabkan oleh pneumonia terdapat di urutan keenam yaitu 5,15%. Hal tersebut dapat disebabkan karena masih rendahnya cakupan ASI eksklusif yang hanya sebesar 31,2%, rendahnya cakupan vit A dosis tinggi yang hanya sebesar 43,77% dan kelihatannya tidak terpengaruh oleh tingginya cakupan imunisasi sebesar 92,32%; disamping juga masih dapat dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lainnya.Program ISPA/pneumonia di Kota Tasikmalaya telah dilaksanakan mulai sekitar tahun 1991, namun sampai saat ini penderita pneumonia masih tetap tinggi dan masih menjadi permasalahan, baik di masyarakat luas maupun di Dinas Kesehatan Kota sebagai pengelola program penanggulangan. Oleh karena itu penulis tertarik untuk mengadakan penelitian dengan tujuan ingin mengetahui hubungan ketiga variable independen di atas terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita usia 12-59 bulan yang dilayani puskesmas di Kota Tasikmalaya Tahun 2002.Rancangan penelitian memakai studi kasus kontrol tidak berpadanan dengan populasi seluruh anak balita usia 12-59 bulan yang berkunjung dan berobat ke puskesmas di Kota Tasikmalaya dari bulan April-Mai 2002 serta dicatat pada register rawat jalan puskesmas yang bersangkutan. Sampel minimal yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 100 balita kasus dan 100 balita kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:1. Selanjutnya data diolah dan dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan bantuan perangkat computer.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara ketiga variabel independen utama yang diteliti yaitu ASI eksklusif, vit A dosis tinggi dan imunisasi campak terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita yang disertai adanya variabel interaksi yaitu antara ASI dengan vit A. Rincian singkat hasil penelitian dapat dilihat seperti berikut ini:1. Pada saat interaksi = 0; hubungan ASI terhadap kejadian pneumonia bermakna dengan nilai OR=9,018 (95% CI : 3,258-24,956), p = 0,000 dan hubungan vit A terhadap kejadian pneumonia bermakna dengan nilai OR=19,717 (95% CI : 4,958-78,414), p = 0,000.2. Pada saat interaksi = 1; hubungan ASI atau vit A terhadap kejadian pneumonia bermakna dengan nilai OR = 0,083 (95% CI : 0,017-0,391), p = 0,002.3. Hubungan pemberian imunisasi campak terhadap kejadian pneumonia bermakna dengan nilai OR=2,879 (95% CI : 1,418-5,844), p = 0,003.Penanggulangan pneumonia dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa kegiatan seperti peningkatan pemberian ASI eksklusif, pemberian Vit A dosis tinggi dan program kesehatan dan pemberian imuniasi campak kepada balita dengan cara:1. Penyuluhan yang intensif melalui berbagai media terhadap ibu balita.2. Pelatihan dan pengawasan terhadap petugas pengelola program gizi, KIA dan program imunisasi.3. Koordinasi lintas program dan lintas sektoral dengan memberdayakan kader kesehatan yang terlatih.

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The Connection between Exclusive Breast Feeding Given, High Dosage Vitamin A, and Measles Immunization to Pneumonia Cases at 12-59 Months Old Children, Which Serves by Public Health Center in Tasikmalaya Town, West Java in 2002Pneumonia is an acute infection process that attacks lung's tissues (alveoli). The pneumonias definition that WHO given in 1989 and been using by Ministry of Health of Indonesia Republic at acute respiratory infection/pneumonia's decreasing program is cold cough symptom or quick breathing.The diseases that caused by lung's problems in Tasikmalaya Town take the first place from the big 10 diseases, which public health center served home ward, which is 18,10%. Where as, the pneumonia cases took the sixth (5,15%). This cases could be caused by the low exclusive breast feeding coverage (31,2%), the low- usage high dosage vitamin A (43,77%) and immunization (92,32%) that's not running so effective and influenced; in other side there's many variables that could influence this case.Acute respiratory infection/pneumonia's program in Tasikmalaya Town has been conducted since 1991, but the pneumonia's cases still high and still become problems, even is society and Public Health Council as the tackle conductor program. Because of that, the writer has interest to do research to fine out the connection between those three independent variables to the pneumonia's cases to 12-59 months old children that served by public health center in Tasikmalaya in 2001.The research's design is using the case control that not connected to the number or quantity of 12-59 months olds children that visited and having care in public health center in April-May 2002 that been record in public health center home ward registration. The minimum samples needed was 100 toddler's case and 100 control toddlers with ratio 1 : L Then, the date have been processed and analyzed by univariant, bi-variant and multi-variant with computers help.The research found that there's a real connection that statistically showed between those independent variables; the exclusive breast feeding, high dosage vitamin A, and measles immunization, to the toddler's pneumonia cases, also sown the interaction variables between breast feeding with vitamin A usage. The short details of the research's result shown below:1. Exclusive breast feeding given: at 0 interaction; OR= 9,018 (95% CI=3,258-24,956), p=0,000 and at 1 interaction; OR 3,083 (95% CI=0, 017-0,391), p=0,002.2. Vitamin A usage: at 0 interaction; OR = 19,717 (95% CI=4,958-78,414), p=0,000 and at 1 interaction; OR=0,083 (95% CI= 0,017-0,391), p=0,002.3. Measles immunization: OR = 2,879(95% CI = 1,418-5,844), p=0, 003.Developing some actions such as, exclusive breast feeding given, high dosage vitamin A given by public health program, and toddler's measles immunization could do the pneumonia tackle, for examples:1. Intensive health education promotion trough medias about infant's mothers.2. Training and controlling to nutrient program's conductor officers, infant's mothers program, and immunization programs.3. Cross-programs and cross-sector coordination with empowered the well-trained public health cadres.