Menurut Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) 1995, Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia adalah 373 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebesar 46 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah belum optimal cakupan kunjungan antenatal (K4 = 75,66%). Kurang optimalnya kunjungan antenatal mengakibatkan risiko dan komplikasi kehamilan tidak terdeteksi secara dini. Intervensi kesehatan spesifik melalui kunjungan antenatal minimal 4 kali, merupakan salah satu daya ungkit yang besar untuk menurunkan insiden dan beratnya komplikasi yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas pada ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Di Kota Medan kunjungan antenatal K4 sebesar 78,75%, belum mencapai target nasional sebesar 90%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hubungan antara falctor predisposisi, faktor pemungkin dan faktor penguat dengan kunjungan antenatal K4. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional (potong lintang), pemilihan sampel didasarkan rumus cluster 2 tahap, tahap pertama dengan probability proportional to size menggunakan C Survey, jumlah sampel sebanyak 210 orang, ibu yang mempunyai bayi umur 6 (enam bulan) dimana selama hamil pernah memeriksakan kehamilannya ke petugas kesehatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan perangkat lunak C Sample pada Epi Info 6.0 dan program komputerisasi lainnya.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa proporsi kunjungan antenatal sesuai standar sebesar 51% dan 84,8% responden pernah melakukan kunjungan antenatal di klinik bidan swasta. Hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pendidikan tinggi, pengetahuan baik, sikap positif, jarak, penghasilan tinggi, akses informasi yang baik terhadap pelayanan antenatal dan dukungan suami. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pengetahuan, sikap, jarak, penghasilan, akses informasi dan yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kunjungan antenatal K4 adalah pengetahuan ibu (OR 2,78).Memperhatikan hasil penelitian ini, menyarankan kepada lembaga terkait khususnya mereka yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil dan bersalin bahwa kegiatan Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi (KIE) pada Standar Operating Procedur (SOP) perlu ditegaskan kembali, yaitu adanya langkah-langkah KIE yang harus dioperasionalkan diseluruh fasilitas pelayanan dari Posyandu sampai Rumah Sakit, baik pada pelayanan pemerintah maupun swasta. Kegiatan konseling merupakan pilihan yang efektif dan efisien meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu untuk memahami peristiwa kehamilan, persalinan, nifas dan risiko yang mungkin dihadapi ibu sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya prefentif.

The Factors that Related to Antenatal Visit Four Times (K4) in Medan City, North Sumatera Province, 2002Based on Household Health Survey in 1995, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia was 373 per 100.000 live births, while the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 46 per 1000 live births. One of the factors was caused by the in optimal the coverage of antenatal visit four times (K4 = 75,66%). The lack of their optimal to antenatal visit four times, it caused risk and pregnancy complication can not be detected in the early. The specific health intervention through minimum antenatal visit at least four times, as one of the big power raising to reduce the incident and heavy complication that related to pregnancy, delivery and post-partum on mother and infant new birth. In Medan City the antenatal visit four times was 78,75%, it was not reach with the national target that is 90%.The objective of this study was to obtain the relationships between the predisposition, possibly, and the dominant factors with antenatal visit four times. The study design was cross-sectional. The sample selected was based on the pattern of cluster second phase, first phase with probability proportional to size used C Survey. The number of sample was 210 pregnant mothers who having infant age 5 6 months, where during pregnant ever checked their pregnancy to health worker. The data was collected by indepth interview method. The data was analysis by software C Sample on Epi Info 6.0 and others computer programs.The result of study showed that the proportion of antenatal visit meet with the standard was a 51% and 84,8% respondent ever conducted antenatal visit at the private maternity clinics. The result of bivariate analysis known that the variable which having significant relationship to antenatal visit four times is high education, good knowledge, positive attitude, distance, high income, good information access to antenatal service and husband support. The result of logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the variable that having relationships to antenatal visit four times is knowledge, attitude, distance, income, information access and the most dominant that influence to K4 is mother's knowledge (OR 2,78).Considering to this study, it is recommended that the institutional related especially to whom that giving health services on pregnant mother and delivery. The activities of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) on Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) it is need to be cleared again, i.e. the availability of IEC steps that should be applied in entire of health facilities, starting from Village Integrated Service Post to Hospital, both private and state owned. Counseling activities is selection that effective and efficient to increase the mother's knowledge, and in order to understand the pregnant event, delivery, post-partum and the risk that possible faced, so it can be done preventive action.

Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan antara masa kanak-kanak dan masa dewasa yang ditandai oleh berbagai perubahan fisik, emosi dan psikis. Perkembangan lain yang perlu mendapat perhatian pada remaja diantaranya perkembangan kognisi, sosial dan seksual. Berbagai pengaruh yang berkaitan dengan perilaku seksual remaja diantaranya tradisi dan budaya setempat, komunikasi dengan kelompok sebaya, pengaruh keluarga dan lingkungan, keterpajanan media informasi baik media cetak maupun elektronik, pengaruh pendidikan seks di sekolah dan komunikasi dengan guru. Hal tersebut apabila tidak diantisipasi sejak dini akan berdampak pada perilaku seksual yang berisiko. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya perilaku seksual remaja pada Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kabupaten Pandeglang serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Manfaat yang diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi Pemerintah daerah (Dinas Pendidikan, Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Kependudukan Keluarga Berencana dan Catatan Sipil dan Kantor Departemen Agama Kabupaten Pandeglang) perihal perilaku seks anak didik, sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam memberikan solusi dan intervensi yang tepat, cepat dan berkesinambungan untuk membimbing anak didik mengatasi masalah perilaku seks yang dihadapinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Pandeglang dengan populasi penelitian siswa pada 30 Sekolah Menengah Atas. Penentuan sampel menggunakan rancangan Multi Stage Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 131 siswa. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat (uji chi square) dan analisis multivariat (uji regresi logistik). Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan 12 (9,2%) siswa pernah melakukan hubungan seksual dengan alasan tertinggi ingin coba-coba 50% yang dilakukan dengan pacar sebanyak 91,6%. Seluruh siswa pernah mempunyai pacar, namun dari 14 item pertanyaan mengenai perilaku seksual alasan tidak melakukan salah satu perilaku seks karena takut dosa 31,3% dan dilarang agama 29,0%. Hasil Analisis Bivariat yang rnempunyai hubungan bermakna adalah faktor pengetahuan, faktor keterpajanan media informasi dan faktor kepatuhan agama. Sedangkan hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual remaja adalah keterpajanan media informasi. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang seksual dan kesehatan reproduksi, instruksi pendidikan segera mewujudkan instruksi Menteri Pendidikan NasionaI Nomor 91[]11997 tentang HIV/AIDS, kesehatan reproduksi dan Infeksi Menular Seksual. Perlunya dibentuk layanan informasi dan konseling tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan perlunya meningkatkan pengetahuan guru melalui berbagai pelatihan kesehatan reproduksi. Selain itu, peran orang tua diharapkan dapat lebih meningkatkan komunikasi dengan remaja perihal perilaku seksual dan kesehatan reproduksi.

Adolescence is known as transition period from childhood to adulthood that can be identified with the changes of physical, emotion, and psychology of the individual. Other developments that occur on the period of adolescence are includes the cognition, social, and sexual development. Regards to sexual development, there are many influences to the adolescent that will determine her/his sexual behavior, such as local tradition and culture, communication with peers, family and environs influence, exposures on media of both written and electronic, openness to sex education at school, and communication with the teachers. It is believed that those factors mention above will lead to a risky sexual behavior if they have not anticipated in early stage. The purpose of the study is to find out the adolescent sexual behavior and its related factors among Senior High School students at the district of Pandeglang. It is hope that the result of the study will 'give a contribution to the district authority offices related (Education Authority, Health Authority, Population Authority Family Planning and Civilian Record and District Ministry of Religion of District of Pandeglang) in regards to the students sexual behavior, as a consideration on making suitable solution and carrying out a prompt and persist intervention, in order to give guidance to the students to deal with her/his sexual behavior problems they faced. The study is a quantitative study that using cross sectional research design. The study is carried out at the district of Pandeglang with the students of 30 Senior High Schools as the population. Sample is determined by using a multistage sampling method, and yielded the sample at 131 students. Data is analyzed in three stages procedures, i.e. the univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (with chi's square test), and multivariate analysis (using logistic regression test). All the students are stated that they have ever had a boy/girlfriend. The univariate analysis showed that among 131 students, there are 12 (9.2%) students that have committed on having sexual intercourse. The most reason for having sexual intercourse is `just want to try' (50.0%) and most of the sexual partner is their boy/girlfriend (91.6%). Among those who stated that never do any sexual behavior, of 14 items on the reason why they never did, are: afraid to be sin (31.3%) and because it's forbidden in the religion (29.0%). Result from bivariate analysis, variables that having significantly related to adolescent sexual behavior are: knowledge on reproductive health, media information exposures, and religious obedience. The multivariate analysis found that the most dominant variable related to the adolescent sexual behavior is the media information exposures. It is suggested that there is a need on increasing the students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health; the educational institution should implement the decree of the Ministry of National Education Number 9IU/1997 about HIV/AIDS, Reproductive Health, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases; the need on establishing the information and counseling services on reproductive health; the need on increasing the teachers' knowledge on reproductive health by training; and the role of parents is also need to enhance in order to elevate the relationship with teenagers, and they can discuss freely the issues on sexual behavior and reproductive health.