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Pada Tahun 2003, cakupan perilaku ibu yang rnemberikan ASI eksklusif pada bayi di Propinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur masih rendah, yaitu masing-masing 0,83 % dan 0,90 %. Rendahnya angka cakupan perilaku ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif ini diperkirakan karena belum dilakukannya pengkajian ilmiah mengenai perilaku ibu tersebut secara komprehensif dengan metode yang mernadai secara subtansial. Oleh karena itu dilakukan metode yang memadai dengan suatu pendekatan multilevel modeling untuk mengetahui peranan faktor individu dan faktor kontekstual terhadap perilaku ibu dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional pada 989 orang ibu menyusui dan 164 kepala desa dari 8 kabupaten yang terdapat di propinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur pada tahun 2003. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik Multilevel. Dari data yang diperoleh, diketahui bahwa proporsi ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif adalah 1,72 %. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor-faktor di level individu mempunyai peran yang lebih besar dari pada faktor di level desa terhadap perilaku ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif. Faktor-faktor di level individu yang berperan terhadap perilaku ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif adalah paritas, pengetahuan ibu, kontrasepsi dan ASI segera. Sedangkan faktor di level desa yang berperan terhadap perilaku ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif adalah keterlibatan kepala desa dalam program KIA. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui faktor paritas, kontrasepsi dan pengetahuan ibu mempunyai efek menghambat artinya perilaku ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif dapat terhambat dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah paritas, pernakaian kontrasepsi dan rendahnya pengetahuan ibu. Sedangkan faktor pemberian ASI segera dan keterlibatan kepala desa dalam pelaksanaan program KIA mempunyai efek pendorong perilaku ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif. Berdasarkan hal diatas perlu dilakukan kerjasama lintas sektor terutama di tingkat desa yang dimaksud kepala desa, agar terjadi pemerataan hasil program-program kesehatan terutama program ASI eksklusif. Selain itu perlu dilakukan pengkajian yang lebih mendalam yang mencakup variabel komposisional dan kontekstual dengan pendekatan yang lebih memadai seperti multilevel modelling agar didapatkan model yang lebih memadai dalam menjelaskan variasi perilaku ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif.
Tahun 2003, kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif di tiga Kabupaten (Cirebon, Cianjur dan Ciamis) Propinsi Jawa Barat masih rendah, yaitu 0,06%. Rendahnya kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif ini diperkirakan karena belum dilakukan kajian ilmiah mengenai kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif secara komprehensif dengan metode yang memadai secara substansial. Oleh karena itu karena itu dilakukan penelitian dengan metode yang memadai dengan analisis survival untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif pada 1339 orang ibu menyusui yang terdapat di tiga kabupaten (Cirebon,Cianjur Dan Ciamis) Propinsi Jawa Barat pada tahun 2003. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis survival. Penelitan ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif di tiga Kabupaten (Cirebon,Cianjur dan Ciamis) Propinsi Jawa Barat adalah 0,75%. Penelitian ini menemukan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah faktor kontrasepsi yang digunakan ibu dan faktor kunjungan ke tenaga kesehatan pada saat neonatal. Faktor kontrasepsi yang digunakan ibu merupakan faktor pencetus ketahanan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan hazard ratio sebesar 11,5 sedangkan faktor kunjungan ke tenaga kesehatan pada Saat neonatal rnerupakan faktor yang bersifat protektif terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan hazard ratio sebesar 0,11. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas perlu dilakukan peningkatan penggunaan kontrasepsi non pil bagi ibu yang menyusui, selain itu juga perlu ketegasan pelaksanaan Kepmen No. 237/MENKES/SK/IV/1997 tentang pemasaran susu pengganti serta pemantauan kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan menggunaan KMS. Perlu juga dilakukan penelitian lebih mendalam yang mencakup variabel Iain seperti sisial budaya dengan pendekatan yang lebih memadai untuk dapat menjelaskan kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif.
In 2003, the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding in the three regions (Cirebon, Cianjur, and Ciamis) of West Java Province, which is 0.75%, is still low. This is possibly because scientific evaluation about the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding has never been conducted comprehensively using a method that is substantially adequate. Therefore a research is done using an adequate method of survival analysis to determine the factors which influence the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding. The study design is retrospective cohort based on 1339 lactating mothers living in the three regions (Cirebon, Cianjur, and Ciamis) of West Java Province in the year of 2003. The analysis used is survival analysis. Results from the study show that the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding in the three regions (Cirebon, Cianjur, and Ciamis) of West Java Province is 0.75%. This research found factors which influence the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding are contraception used by mothers and visits to health personals during neonatal period. The contraception used by mothers is a trigger factor for persistency in exclusive breastfeeding with a hazard ratio of 11.5 whereas, visits to health personals during neonatal period has a protective effect for persistency in exclusive breastfeeding with a hazard ratio of 0.11. Based on the findings stated above, there is a need to increase the use of non-pill contraception for lactating mothers. In addition, there is a need for firm implementation of Kepmen No. 237/MENKES/SK/IV/1997 regarding replacement marketing baby milk as well as monitoring the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding by using KMS. A more profound study, which includes other variables such as social culture, with an adequate approach needs to be conducted in order to provide an explanation for the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding.
Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) Indonesia masih yang tertinggi di ASEAN. Penycbab utama kcmatian tcrsebut adalah penyakit infeksi saluran nafas dan diarc yang dapat dicegah antara lain dengan pemberian ASI secara benar, termasuk pemberian ASI secara eksklusiti Berdasarkan data yang dipublikasikan oleh laporan bulanan ke-3 Dinas Kesehatan Pidie Jaya pada tahun 2008, untnuk Kabupaten Pidie Jaya sebanyak 22,2% ibu membefim ASI eksklusifam inntuk Kwamamn Meumh Dua sebanyak 219%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui falctor-faktor yang berhubungan dcngan pcmberian ASI cksklusif. Desain pcnelilian ini adalah crossaveclional. dengan besar sampel 172 orang ibu menyusui di Kecamatan Meurah Dua Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Regresi Logistic Mhltinomiai menggunakan data primer yang berasal dari hasil wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ibu yang mcmiliki bayi 6-11 bulan hanya 20,3% yang member-ikan ASI eksklusif hanya sampai 4 bulan dan 9,3% yang memberikan ASI eksklusif sampai 6 bulan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor yang dominan dalam perilaku pemberian ASI ekskiusif adalah tempat periksa hamil pada ibu yang menyusui ekslusif 4 bulan menuniukkan OR 7,19 (CI 95% = 1,52 - 33,9S) dan pengetahuan tentang ASI pada ibu yang menyusui eksklusif 6 bulan menunjukkan OR 15,08 (CI 95% =' 1,81 - l25,47). Berdasarkan hasil penclitian ini disarankan, pertama bahwa tenaga kesehatan agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas penyuluhan dan dapat meningkatkan kerjasama dengan tokoh masyarakat yang ada di wilayah Kecamatan Meurah Dua. Kedua, agar dinas kcschatan meningkatkan pelatihan tenaga kesehatan dan pengawasan terhadap program ASI eksklusif di masyarakat. Ketiga perlu penelitian Iebih lanjut dengan menggunakan desain kohort dengan vafiditas tinggi.
The number of infant mortality in Indonesia is the highest among ASEAN countries. The major cause for infant and children mortality is infections, especially the upper respiratory tracts infection and diarrhea. The prevention efforts for reducing the infections are a good nutrition management for infant and children such as adequate and and appropriate breastfeeding. Based on the existing data which was published in the third monthly report of the Pidie Jaya Health Office (2008), there was only 22,2% of mothers who practiced exclusive breastfeeding in the District of Pidie Jaya and only 27,9% in Sub-district of Meurah Dua. The research was carried out to find the factors related to behaviour in giving Exclusive Breastfeeding. The design of this study was cross-sectional survey, the data obtained by involving 172 exclusive breasfeeding among mothers in sub district Mcurah Dua. The data analysis uses logistic muitinomial regression analysis. The sample was selected using simple random sampling technique. Primary data was collected by using standardized questionnaire. The result showed that the proportion of mother who practice exclusive breastfeeding among mothers owing 6-ll months old babies was 20,3% for 4 months and 9,3% for 6 months. From the analysis it was indicated that dominant factors related to practice of exclusive breastfeeding for 4 months very much depended on place of physician visits during pregnancy (OR=7,l8, Cl 95% = 1,52 - 33,95) and those of 6 months were mothers knowledge about breastfeeding (OR = l5,08, CI 95% = 1,81 - l25,47). Based onthe result of the study, it was strongly recommended to the Chief Sub- district of Meurah Dua to increase the quality of health education to the community in the Sub-district Meurah Dua in relation to promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, staff of Health office was also encouraged to promote the training for health personnel and supervision and monitoring the exclusive breastfeeding program in the community. Recommendation is also made for further research to using the cohort design and observation for studying with high validity on data.
Background : Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high compared to the other ASEAN countries. It also well known that the major cause for infant and children mortality is infections, especially the upper respiratory tracts infection and diarrhea. Some of the prevention efforts on lowering the evidence of infections are by having a good nutrition management for infant and children, and one of them is an adequate and appropriate breastfeeding. A good start for breastfeeding is about 30 minutes after delivery, as it will be stimulate the continuity of releasing the breast-milk and the interaction between the mother and the baby will be taken place. The Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 showed that 95.5% under five have already have breast-milk, but from that figure only 38.7% of them are having the first breast-milk within one hour after delivery. Hence, there is an analysis on the factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery toward data of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003. Objective : Know about factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery Methods : The study is a continuous analysis of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 with a cross-sectional design. The number of sample is 6.018, which are mothers who have the latest life child aged 0 to 24 months and still having breastfed and delivered without surgery. Data are analyzed using the application of double logistic regression. The analysis is consisting of the univariable, bivariable with simple logistic regression, and multivariable with multivariate logistic regression. Results : The study has found that the proportion of breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery as high as 38.28%. The multivariable analysis showed that factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery are: the residential location, wanted pregnancy, the antenatal care provider, birth attendance, accessibility on radio, and newborn’s weight. There is an interaction between residential location and the antenatal care provider, wanted pregnancy and the antenatal care provider, and newborn’s weight and the birth attendance. Conclusions : The dominant factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery is the antenatal care provider. There is a need to make an effort on: increasing the knowledge and motivation of the health provider on the importance of the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the Exclusive Breastfeeding; increasing mother’s and pregnant mother’s knowledge on appropriate management of breastfeeding, as well as the socialization of family planning program. The efforts that should be supported by government policy, and also the collaboration between programs and inter-sectoral in order to reach the goals on the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords : Breastfed in first one hour, IDHS 2002-2003, multivariate logistic regression
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of religiousity and type of school to adolescent sexual behavior. The chosen schools are one of regular schools (hereinafter referred to as SMAN) and one of islamicschools (hereinafter referred to as MAN) in East Jakarta, as many as 113respondents from SMAN and 123 respondents from MAN randomly selectedfrom first grade and second grade (social and natural science).
Cigarettes become one of the biggest public health threats in the world that have ever faced, and killed nearly six million people a year. In 2013 Indonesia was placed in first rank as the state with the highest cigarette consumers in Southeast Asia, the number of consumers reached 46,16%. Based on Susenas (2001) and Riskesdas (2011), the prevalence of smoking in the age group 10-14 years has increased nearly double, where in 2001 the trend of smoking age group 10-14 years is 9,5%, and it became 17,5% in 2010.
