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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur peran pengetahuan terhadap perilaku pencarian pengobatan penderita suspek TB Paru setelah dikontrol oleh umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, status pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan, jarak dan waktu tempuh ke Puskesmas dan RS. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional yang menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei Pengetahuan Sikap Perilaku (PSP-TB) 2010. Sampel penelitian adalah anggota keluarga yang berumur ≥ 15 tahun yang mengalami gejala TB Paru sebanyak 443 responden. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa ada hubungan antara peran pengetahuan penderita suspek TB Paru dengan Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan TB Paru di Indonesia setelah dikontrol pekerjaan (OR=2,3, CI=1,349-3,952). Serta adanya interaksi antara pengetahuan dan pekerjaan.
ABSTRACT This study aims to quantify the role of knowledge on treatment seeking behavior of patients with suspected pulmonary TB after controlled by age, gender, marital status, employment status, education level, distance and travel time to health center and hospital. The study was a quantitative study with cross sectional design using secondary data of Knowledge Attitudes Behaviour (PSP-TB) Survey 2010. Research sample is a sample of respondents aged ≥ 15 years with symptoms of pulmonary TB as many as 443 respondents. Based on the results of the study found there is a relationship between the role of knowledge of patients with suspected pulmonary TB with treatment seeking Behavior of Pulmonary TB in Indonesia after controlled by variable of employment status (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.349 to 3.952), and there is interaction between knowledge and employment status.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes melitus, rawat jalan tingkat lanjut, rumah sakit, biaya
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing epidemic and the cost of treating diabetes is largely increasing. The objective of this study was to know cost of diabetes among member of JPK PT Jamasostek (Persero) whom attends at out-patient care hospitals in Jakarta, and to know cost comparison of diabetes at out-patient hospital. This study use quantitative research that has descriptive characteristic. From the total diabetes cost components, the cost for medicine represents the largest share (40%-60%), followed by laboratory cost (24%-36%), and consultation cost (10%-12%). The annual mean outpatient cost for each person with diabetes was Rp 400,280-Rp 1,141,372. The cost burden of DM at outpatient care hospitals is 2.2%-6.2% from income per month. That burden could be saved by prevention, earlier detection, and a reduction in diabetes co-morbidities and complications through improved diabetes care. Large scale and cost-effective prevention programs need to be initiated to maximize health gains and to reverse the advance of this epidemic.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, out-patient, hospital, cost
HIV and AIDS cases in Indonesia, especially for teenagers is quite high, evidenced in the data of new HIV cases in 2011, 18% are people of age group 15-24 years. Based on data KPAD Bogor, number of people living with HIV and AIDS by the year 2013 were 2,015. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education in improving knowledge and attitudes towards HIV and AIDS issues on the 2nd year students in SMA I Ciomas. This study used a design intervention studies with only one group pre-test post-test. The result is an average 175% of increase in knowledge in the first post-test and 85% in the second post-test. Average increase 120% of attitude on the first post-test and 162% on the second post-test. Required counseling or health education regularly and continuously to increase and stabilize the knowledge of students in health, especially HIV and AIDS.
Penyakit tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit menular langsung yang disebabkan oleh Mycobakterium Tuberkulosis. Di Indonesia penyakit ini merupakan masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat karena kasusnya terus meningkat setiap tahunnya tetapi tidak dapat terdeteksi dengan baik karena salah satu penyebabnya adalah perilaku pencarian pengobatan yang menjadi tersangka penderita penyakit ini tidak datang ke fasilitas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku pencarian pengobatan tersangka penderita TB Paru di wilayah puskesmas Tanjung Paku Kota Solok tahun 2005. Penelitian ini menggunakankan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terarah serta telaah dokumen. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Tanjung Paku. Sebagai informan adalah masyarakat yang diduga tersangka penderita TB Paru yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok berdasarkan perilaku pencarian pengobatannya yaitu perilaku 1 adalah tidak melakukan tindakan apa-apa, perilaku 2 mengobati diri sendiri perilaku 3 berobat kedukun, perilaku 4 membeli obat warung, perilaku 5 berobat ke puskesmas dan perilaku 6 berobat ke dokter praktek swasta. Dari keenam perilaku ini diambil masingmasing satu informan untuk dilakukan wawancara mendalam dan delapan orang untuk dilakukan diskusi kelompok terarah, selain itu juga dilakukan wawancara mendalam kepada petugas kesehatan, pengawas menelan obat, dukun, warung obat, tokoh masyarakat, keluarga dan penderita TB Paru dan dokter praktek swasta. Karateristik informan yang dilihat adalah pengetahuan, persepsi, sikap, motivasi, dan niat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa informan perilaku 1 dan 2 tidak mempunyai pengetahuan tentang TB Paru, perilaku 3 dan 4 mempunyai pengetahuan cukup baik tentang, perilaku 5 dan 6 sudah mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik terhadap penyakit TB Paru. Persepsi informan terhadap penyakit TB Pam pada perilaku 1 dan 2 kurang baik, pada perilaku 3 dan 4 cukup baik dan pada perilaku 5 dan 6 sudah baik Sikap informan terhadap penyakit TB Paru semua setuju bahwa penyakit tarsebut menular dan bisa disembuhkan bila teratur berobat ke puskesmas kecuali pada perilaku 1 dan 2 tidak setuju dengan hal tersebut. Semua informan mempunyai motivasi yang positif terhadap penyakit TB Paru kecuali perilaku 1 dan 2 yang mempunyai motivasi negatif Niat dan keinginan untuk sembuh bila menderita penyakit TB Paru semua kelompok mempunyai niat dan keinginan seperti itu kecuali sebagian kecil dari perilaku 1. Dan laporan puskesmas tahun 2005 basil penjaringan pasien tersangka TB Paru masih sangat rendah Baru mencapai 38,5% dari sasaran yang telah ditetapkan. Petugas kesehatan mempunyai pengetahuan, persepsi, sikap, motivasi dan niat yang bailk terhadap program TB Paru puskesmas demikian juga pada pengawas menelan obat dan keluarga penderita Tidak ada kerjasama puskesmas dengan tokoh masyarakat, dukun dan dokter praktek swasta dalam program penanggulangan penyakit tuberkulosis. Peneliti menyarankan kepada puskesmas Tanjung Paku untuk meningkatkan kegiatan promosi aktif program P2TB paru dan kerjasama lintas sektor dan program.
The tuberculosis is direct infection disease that caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. In Indonesia this disease is the main public health problem because the case adding every year but can not good detection.. Because this case may cause by medication seeking behavior of this disease patient not coming to health facility. This research aim is to find the behavior of TB lungs patient medication seeking in Tanjung Paku primary health center Solok City West Sumatera year 2005. This research using qualitative approach by doing circumstantial interview and directional group discussion and also document analyze. Research location is done in Tanjung Paku'.primary health centre working regional. As informant is society that suspect as TB lungs patient which divided into six group based on medication seeking behavior that is behavior 1 with not doing any action, behavior 2 with curing oneself; behavior 3 of medicating to shaman, behavior 4 with buying stall medication, behavior 5 of medicating in primary health centre and behavior 6 of medicating to private doctor. From these six behaviors each one informant taken for a circumstantial interview and eight people for directional group discussion, and also done circumstantial interview to health official, medicine consumes watcher, shaman, drug store, public figure, family from TB lungs patient and private doctor. Informant characteristic seen is knowledge, perception, attitude, and intention. This research result shows that informant toward TB lungs disease in behavior 1 and 2 do not have knowledge, behavior 3 and 4 is quite good, behavior 5 and 6 is good. Informant perception toward TB lungs disease in behavior 1 and 2 is not quite good, behavior 3 and 4 is quite good, and behavior 5 and 6 is good. Informant attitude toward TB lungs disease is everyone agree that the disease contaminate and can be cured if regularly take medicine from primary health care except in behavior 1 and part of behavior 2 do not agree with it. All informants have positive motivation toward TB lungs disease except behavior 1 and 2 that has negative motivation. Intention and desire to be cured if infect by TB lungs disease is agreed by all group except part of behavior. From primary health centre report year 2005 the result of TB lungs patient screening is 30 % target exist and this still very low. Health official has good knowledge, perception, attitude, motivation, and attention toward primary health care TB lungs program and also toward medicines consumes watcher and patient family. There is no cooperation between primary health centre with public figure, shaman and private doctor in this tuberculosis disease preventative program. Researcher suggest Tanjung Paku primary health centre to increase active promotion activity of it P2TB program and cooperation across sector and program.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria can attack the body's organs, but TB bacteria often attack the human lungs. Depok City is one of the cities in West Java Province which has experienced an increase in the number of TB cases in the last four years. The highest number of reported cases of pulmonary TB came from the Pancoran Mas Health Center. This study is a qualitative study that aims to dig deeper information about drug-taking behavior in pulmonary TB patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Informants in this study were TB patients, the family of TB patients, TB cadres, the COVID-19 task force, and the person in charge of the TB program. The selection of research informants purposively according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors played a role in drug-taking behavior in TB patients. On predisposing factors, there is low knowledge and positive attitude. While the enabling factors, side effects of taking medication do not make changes in drug taking behavior, access to services needs to be considered. Then on the driving factors, family support and the role of health workers become reinforcements in drug-taking behavior. Therefore, it is recommended to the Pancoran Mas Health Center to provide counseling about TB to the entire community and optimize the role of cadres during the TB treatment period.