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Pada masa rcformasi sekarang ini telah tejadi pcrgeseran pola pembangunan kesehatan mcnjadi “Paradigma Sehat” yaitu suatu cara pandang yang melihat pemccahan masalah keschatan yang lebih diarahl-can pada peningkatan, pemeliharaan dan perlindungan kesehatan yang bcrsifat promotifl preventif bukan Hanya kuratif dan rehabilitatif sqia. Masalah gizi adalah masalah kesehatan masyamkat yang penanggulangannya tidak dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan medis dan pelayanan kesehatan saja. Masalah gizi disamping merupakan sindrome kemiskinan yang erat kaitannya dengan masalah ketahanan pangan tingkat rumah tangga, juga menyangkut aspek pengetahuan dan perilaku yang kurang mcndukung pola hidup sehat. Analisis SKDN di Kabupaten Aceh Tcngah menunjuklcan untuk Liputan Progmm (K/S) dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2006 yaitu antam 84% hingga 90%, Kelangsungan Penimbangan (D/K) dari bulan Januari hingga Desembar 2006 yaitu antara 55% hingga 93%, Hasil Penimbangan (N/D) dari bulan Januari hingga Desembar 2006 yaitu antara 63% hingga 76%, Parsitipasi Masyarakat (D/S) dari bulan Ianuari hingga Desembar 2006 yaitu antara 49% hingga 80% dan Hasil Pencapaian Program (N/S) dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2006 yaitu antara 36% hingga 44%. Penelilian pengembangan sistem informasi pemantauan balita gizi kurang dan analisis wilayah potcnsial rawan gizi di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah ini menggunakan dcsain penelitian dengan pendekatan sistem untuk penyelewian masalah. Langkah- Iangkah pengembangan sistem mengikuti metode .System Development Like Cycle (SDLC) yang mempakan metode umum dalam pengembangan sistem dan melihat kemungldnan-kemungkinan sistem informasi yang sudah ada. Sistem informasi pemantauan balita gizi kurang dan analisis wilayah potensial rawan gizi di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah ini dikembangkan dalam rangka memudahkan input data dan proses analisis data menjadi informasi. Informasi yang dihasilkan bempa tabel Iaporan penimbangan balita, Iaporan pemantauan status gizi (PSG), grafik indikator SKDN dan peta wilayah potensial rawan gizi di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Informasi yang diperoleh diharapkan benar-benar relevan, cepat, tepat dan akurat serta bermanfaat untuk kepentingan program gizi di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, sehingga pada akhimya kebliakaxi program gizi menjadi tepal sasaran.
In the reformation era nowadays the health development pattem had changed for becoming “Health Paradigm” which is about perspective in managing of health problem solving pointed more at health enhancement, maintenance, and protection not only curative and rehabilitative but promotionally and preventively. The nutrition matter is public health problem could not be overcame only by medical approach and health caring themselves. Nutrition problem is a poverty syndrome related to food available problem at household level on one side, also behavior and knowledge aspect which less support healthy life pattern on the other side. SKDN analysis in Middle Aceh Regency Rom January till December 2006 showed between 84% to 90% for Program Coverage (K/S), 55% to 93% for Weighing Continuity (D/K), 63% to 76% for Weighing Result (N/D), 49% to 80% for Public Participation (D/S) and 36% to 44% For Program Accomplishment Result (N/S). The development study of monitoring information system of malnutrition child under tive and analysis of potential region of nutrient disturbed in Middle Aceh Regency using study design with system approach in accomplishment of the problem. System development steps based on System Development Life Cycle method (SDLC) which is general method in system development and also noticed possibility of an exist information system. Monitoring infomation system of malnutrition child under tive and analysis of potential region of nutrient disturbed in Middle Aceh Regency was developed to simplify data input and data analyzing process to information. Resulting Infomation included reporting table of child under five weighing, reporting of nutrient status monitoring (PSG), SKDN graphic indicator and map of potential region of nutrient disturbed in Middle Aceh Regency. Obtained information supposed to be relevance, fast, precise and accurate and benefit for the sake of nutrition program in Middle Aceh Regency, and the last the nutrition program policy got the right oigiectives.
Gizi buruk yang melanda balita pada suatu daerah meskipun kejadiannya hanya pada 1 nak merupakan pertanda telah terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) gizi di daerah tersebut. Upaya penanggulangan gizi buruk dapat dilakukan didahului oleh informasi dari sistem surveilans gizi pada daerah tersebut, salah satu kegiatan sistem ini adalah Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) balita di posyandu setiap bulannya. Tidak hanya gizi buruk yang dapat diamati dari kegiatan ini, kelainan gizi yang lainpun dapat dideteksi. Hasil penelitian padakota Bengkulu menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi kegiatan PSG balita setiap bulannya di posyandu tidak dapat memberikan informasi tentang besaran masalah kelainan gizi pada balita tetapi dapat memberikan informasi tentang tingkat pencapaian indikator SKDN sebagai bagian dari informasi pelaksanaan program penanggulangan Kekurangan Energi dan Protein (KEP) pada balita di posyandu. Rendahnya kualitas data disebabkan oleh sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan oleh puskesmas dilakukan secara manual disamping alat ukur timbang yang tidak sama tingkat kalibrasinya antar posyandu, dirnana untuk anak umur di atas 2 tahun diukur dengan timbangan injak yang berbeda merek dan tahun penggunaan antar posyandu, sedangkan anak umur 2 tahun ke bawah diukur menggunakan dacin. Penyebab lain tidak dapatnya kegiatan PSG balita di posyandu memberikan informasi tentang besaran masalah gizi di daerah ini adalah karena rendahnya tingkat pemanfaatan posyandu oleh masyarakat sasaran. Perihal di atas menimbulkan kebijakan akan perlunya survei PSG dilaksanakan satu kali setiap tahunnya. Pelaksanaan survei tidak efisien dalam memperoleh informasi besaran masalah gizi pada balita selagi sistem surveilans gizi melalui kegiatan PSG setiap bulannya di posyandu dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik. Penelitian ini menjawab akan perbaikan masalah di atas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tersusunnya model sistem informasi yang adekuat, efektif dan efisien yang menghasilkan informasi untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam rangka penyelenggaraan program penanggulangan KEP balita dalam lingkup dinas kesehatan kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan siklus hidup pengembangan sistem yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, analisis, perancangan dan pelaksanaan. Tahap pelaksanaan hanya sampai pada kegiatan dokumentasi sistem. Pengumpulan data dan informasi melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi dokumen. Unit analisis adalah Sub Dinas Kesehatan Keluarga dan Pengelola Program Gizi Puskesmas dalam lingkup Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototipe program aplikasi basis data yang dapat digunakan dalam menunjang proses analisis, pelaporan dan penyajian informasi secara cepat, tepat dan akurat, oleh karena itu penelitian ini merekomendasikan akan perlunya seorang validator sistem sebagai pengendali pemasukan data basil penimbangan yang dilakukan oleh petugas. Komitmen petugas untuk teliti dalam memasukkan data dengan benar adalah faktor utama keberhasilan sistem. Adekuatnya sebuah sistem informasi kegiatan PSG balita di posyandu setiap bulannya tidak terlepas dari peran lintas sektor untuk menggairahkan posyandu untuk terus melakukan aktivitasnya dan selalu dimanfaatkan oleh seluruh masyarakat sasaran setiap bulannya sebagaiman Surat Edaran Menteri Dalam Negeri dan Otonomi Daerah tentang Pedoman Umum Revitalisasi Posyandu No. 411.311116ISJ Tanggal 13 Juni 2001. Berjalannya sistem informasi ini dengan baik membutuhkan komitmen dan kebijakan yang kuat dari penentu kebijakan, aturan yang jelas tentang organisasi pelaksana, penegakan sistem reward dan punisment secara kontinu dan konsisten, motivasi yang kuat dari pelaksana dan dukungan dana yang berkesinambungan.
One case of severe malnourished child found in a community could be the sign of an Outbreak. Effort to combating malnutrition can be prior done by nutritional surveillance system in that particular area, which one of the activities is monitoring of nutritional assessment in posyandu regularly every month. Within these activities we could earlier detect other sign of diseases instead of malnutrition. Result research done in Bengkulu City have showed that information system on monitoring of nutritional assessment was unable to give a broad information on the magnitude of malnutrition, however it give information for indicator achievement. Early warning system (SKDN) is known as part of implementation program information to overcome malnutrition among underfive children in posyandu. Low data qualities are caused by manually reporting and recording system by puskesmas staff instead of diverse weighing scale calibration degree among posyandu. The fact that children above 2 years old were measured by standing weighing scale with different branch and year, while those children under 2 years old were measured by dacin. Others causes were low utilization rate of posyandu by target community. Therefore according to the above explanation, policy on monitoring of nutritional assessment seemed very important to be implemented for once a year. Survey execution was inefficient in gathering information of magnitude of malnutrition among underfive children if surveillance system by monitoring of nutritional assessment every month could be regularly done. This study has answered those issues. The objective of the study was to create adequate, effective and accurate system information model that aimed to obtained information in support decision maker for combating malnutrition among underfive children in Health District office in Bengkulu City. The methodology used for this study was life cycle approach on system development which consist of planning, analysis, development and implementation phase. The implementation phase only reached on the documentation system activities. Data collection and information were gathered through in depth interview and observation. Analysis unit was Family Health Department and Nutrition Program Management within Health District office in Bengkulu City. This study have resulted program prototype on application data-based used to support analyses process, report and information presentation in efficient, precise and accurate. Therefore the results recommend the need of validation system as controller of aniropometric data done by puskesmas staff. Staff commitment to correctly input data is a major factor for the success of the system later on. Adequate information system on monitoring of nutritional assessment for underfive children in posyandu every month is not the out reached of corporation with other sectors to revitalize continuing posyandu activities and being used regularly by target community for every month. As state in letter of Ministry of General Affair and District Autonomy General Guideline for posyandu revitalization No. 411.3/1 1 16/SJ on June, 13 2001. Good Implementation of information system is required strong commitment from decision maker, clear rule on the organization, reward and punishment system with continue and consistent, strong motivation from the implementer and lastly continues financial support.
Kesehatan dan gizi merupakan faktor yang penting karena secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia di masyarakat. Status gizi masyarakat sering digambarkan dengan besaran masalah gizi pada kelompok balita. Kegiatan pemantauan balita kurang gizi merupakan kegiatan penting untuk kewaspadaan gizi. Peraturan yang mendukung terhadap kegiatan kewaspadaan gizi adalah Kepmenkes tentang pedoman penyelenggaraan surveilans epidemiologi kesehatan yang salah satunya tentang pelaksanaan kewaspadaan gizi daKepmenkes tentang standar pelayanan minimal yang menetapkan bahwa 80% kecamatan menjadi bebas rawan gizi. Angka balita kurang gizi yang cukup tinggi dan luasnya geografis Kabupaten Bogor mendasari diperlukannya suatu sistem informasi yang dapat dipergunakan untuk membantu para pengambil kebijakan dalam mengevaluasi dan intervensi program perbaikan gizi serta menentukan prioritas wilayah dalam pembinaannya. Penelitian pengembangan sistem informasi pemantauan balita kurang gizi di Kabupaten Bogor ini menggunakan desain penelitian dengan pendekatan sistem untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Dengan metode pendekatan sistem yang digunakan adalah incremental dengan metode prototyping yang meliputi tahapan perencanaan, analisis, perancangan, pengkodean dan uji coba prototype. Hasil analisis sistem dapat ngidentiftkasi permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada dalam sistem yang sedang berjalan serta altematif solusinya pada tingkat input, proses dan output. Sistem informasi pemantaun balita kurang gizi Sistem Informasi Geografts didesain untuk memudahkan input data dan analisis proses pengolahannya menjadi informasi. Output yang dihasilkan bempa laporan tabel, graftk prevalensi KEP, cakupan DIS, NID dan BGMID sebagai indikator pemantauan balita kurang gizi. Interpretasi lebih lanjut akan didapatkan peta sebaran kasus KEP, peta cakupan DIS, cakupan NID dan BGMID , sehingga akan didapatkan daerah yang rawan/potensi terhadap kasus balita kurang gizi. Aplikasi sistem informasi pemantauan balita kurang gizi ini dapat menjadi alat manajemen dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan masalah balita kurang gizi di Kabupaten Bogor. Sistem informasi pemantauan balita kurang gizi berbasis sistem informasi geografi ini diharapkan dapat diman:faatkan bagi pengelola gizi lainnya.
It has already known that health and nutrition are the most important factors that directly influence the quality of human resources in the?society. Public nutritional status is usually described as the wide of the nutrition problems within is under-five group. Therefore, the activities on the monitoring of malnourished under-five children should be prioritized as it can be as a nutrition awareness system. The regulation that support the activities? on a nutrition awareness is stated in the ministry of health decision (MHD) on the Guidelines for the Implementation of Epidemiological Surveillance on the subject of a nutrition awareness, and MHD on the Minimum standard for services, which determine that 80% of sub-districts should be free from malnourishment state. The high rate on under-five malnourished and a broad-range of area geographically of bogor, are use to be the base on why information is needed, in order to assist for policy makers to evaluate and to intervene a nutrition improvement program, and to decide in which part of the area that program will be applied. The study on the development of information system to monitor the malnourished under-five children at the District of Bogor in using a system approach research design that intends to solve the problems. The met on of system approach fur the study is au incremental with a prototyping method .that consist of stages. of planning, analyzing, designing, coding, and prototype testing. The result of system analysis can be applied to identify problems that exist in the ongoing system and its solution alternatives at the level of input; process, and output, The information system to monitor the malnourished under-five children that based on the geographic information system (GIS) is designed for simplifying the data input and process analyzing into producing the information. Output yielded is in then from of Report Tables, Prevalence Graphics of EPD (Energy-protein deficiency), and Coverage of DIS, NID, and BGM/D as the indicators of malnourished under-five monitoring. An advance interpretation can be us to generate the map of tbe distribution of EPD cases, the map of the coverage on DIS, NID, and BGMID, in which identify the area that potentially become a malnourished under-five area. The information system to monitor the malnourished under-five children can be applied for management tools to meet the decision on any activities related to malnourished under-five at the district of Bogor. It is hoped that the information system to monitor the malnourished under-five children based on the GIS can be utilized by other nutrition managers.
Background: Nutrition aspect is one of the most important factors on human resources development. On the other hand the prevalence of malnutrition in South Jakarta District in year 2003 was still very high, there were 2,250 (12.56 %) and 354 (1.98 %) under-five children at severe malnutrition condition. If we refer to those numbers it could assume that everyday there was malnutrition outbreak in that area. In its implementation, the nutrition surveillance (nutritional status monitoring) is supported by an information system called early warning system for food and nutrition problems (SKPG) which has already available in every health center in sub-district level in Jakarta Province. However up to now the system could not implement due to some constraints. Objective: The purpose of the study is to develop an information system for nutritional status monitoring among under-five children that prover, meet the requirement, and user friendly in Pesanggrahan Sub-District. Methodology: The study was conducted based on system development live cycle which consist of planning phase, analyses, and scheme of system tryout. Examination of system only conducted in laboratory by using data of sampel. Results: This research was resulted a prototype of information system to monitor the nutritional status among under-five children in Puskesmas Pesanggrahan (SIPSG). Conclution: SIPSG is expected to supply any needed information effectively. The system is designed to provide relevant, quick, precise and accurate data. Hopefully the system will be more useful in alleviating the nutrition problem through routine nutrition status monitoring in the area. Key words: SIPSG
Status gizi baik anak baduta keluarga miskin merupakan suatu keadaan bahwa diantara anak baduta yang hidup di lingkungan dan kondisi dengan sosial ekonomi yang rendah terdapat anak baduta dengan status gizi baik (63,9%). Dalam situasi dan tekanan ekonomi yang terjadi mereka dapat beradaptasi untuk bertahan dan mempunyai kemampuan untuk tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik dibandingkan dengan anak-anak lainya. Faktor-¬faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak baduta gakin antara lain karakteristik ibu (pengetahuan gizi, pendidikan, pekerjaan), karakteristik anak (berat lahir, umur awal pemberian MP-ASI), karakteristik keluarga (jumlah anggota keluarga, keadaan rumah tinggal, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, urutan anak, biaya pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga), pola makan (konsumsi energi, konsumsi protein, status pemberian ASI), riwayat penyakit infeksi (ISPA, diare), pola asuh (gizi, kesehatan). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui garnbaran status gizi anak baduta keluarga miskin di wilayah Puskesmas Sambas dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak baduta tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 190 orang (total sampel) dan untuk melengkapi informasi dilakukan pendekatan kualitatif melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada kelompok ibu dengan anak status gizi baik dan kelompok ibu dengan anak status gizi kurang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik dan tingkat kemaknaan p≥0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi gizi baik anak baduta gakin 48,4%, pada analisis bivariat hubungan variabel pengetahuan gizi ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, berat lahir anak, umur awal pemberian MP-ASI, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, status pemberian ASI, riwayat penyakit infeksi, perilaku gizi dan kesehatan ibu dengan status gizi anak baduta secara staistik terbukti bermakna dengan (p<0,05), sedangkan hubungan keadaan rumah tinggal, urutan anak, konsumsi energi protein dengan status gizi anak baduta tidak terbukti bermakna dengan (p>0,O5). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang paling menonjol (dominan) adalah umur awal pemberian MP¬ASI setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pengetahuan gizi ibu, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, berat tahir anak dart penyakit infeksi. Berdasarkan basil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa proporsi gizi baik makin menurun dan adanya beberapa faktor dominan yang berperan terhadap status gizi baik anak baduta di daerah miskin. Oleh karena itu maka saran lebih ditujukan pada usaha-usaha promosi gizi dan kesehatan terutama menyangkut faktor-faktor tersebut oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sambas.Untuk Puskesmas perlu dipikirkan berbagai cara pendekatan dalam rangka penjangkauan kelompok berisiko seperti bumil, ibu menyusui, WUS sehingga informasi mengenai gizi dan kesehatan akan dapat dengan mudah disebarkan dan diserap antara lain dengan menambah frekuensi penyuluhan terutama kelompok rawan gizi di daerah miskin.
Good nutrient status of under two years old children of poor families is a condition that among under two years old children living in an environment and low social economic condition there are under two years old children possessing good nutrient status (63.9%). In the situation with such economical pressure, they can adapt to survive and having good ability to grow and develop compared to other children. Factors related to the good nutrient status of this under two years old children are characteristic of mother ( nutrient knowledge, education, occupation), children's characteristic (born weight, age of first complementary food consumption), family's characteristic ( number of family member, situation of the house, number of children under five years old in the family, order of children, spending budget for food), food pattern (energy consumption, protein consumption, status of mother's milk consumption), history of infectious disease (respiratory tract infection, diarrhea), caring pattern (nutrition, health). The purposes of the research were to describe the nutrient status of under two years old children of the poor families in the local area of Sambas Public Health Centre and to determine factors related with good nutrient status of the under two years old children. The research used cross sectional design with totally 190 persons as sample and for completion of information, qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussion in the. group of mother possessing children with good nutrition status and with bad nutrition status was performed. The obtained data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate with regression logistic test using degree of significance p ?0,05. The research results showed that proportion of under two years children possessing good nutrient was 48.4%. Based on bivariate analysis, statistically there is significant correlation of nutrient knowledge of mother, mother education, mother occupation, children born weight, age of first complementary food consumption - mother' milk, number of family member, number of children under five years old in the family, status of mother's milk consumption, history of infectious disease, nutrient behavior and mother's health with the nutrient status of under two year old children (p<0,05). However, there is not significant correlation of house situation, order of children, energy consumption, protein consumption with the nutrient status of under two years old children (p>0,05). Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant variable was age of first complementary food consumption-mother's milk) after controlled by variable of nutrient knowledge of mother, number of children under five years old in the family, children born weight and infectious disease. Based on the research's results, it is concluded that the proportion of good nutrient get lower and someof dominant factors contributing to good nutrient status of under two years children in poor area were observed. Therefore, the Public Health Service of the city of Sambas is suggested to carry out promotion of nutrition and health, approach ways to reach the risk groups such as pregnant women, breast feeding mother and women in productive age, so that information about nutrition and health is spread and absorbed easily by adding the frequency of illumination especially to the nutrition disturbed groups in the poor area.