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Cucu Irawan; Pemb: I. Made Djaja, Yovsyah; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Hendri, Juhandi
Abstrak:
Penyakit Tuberkulosis paru mempakan penyakit rnenular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia karena Mycobacterieum Tuberculosa telah menginfeksi sepertiga penduduk dunia.Pa1da tahun 1993 WHO mencanangkan kcdaruratan Global penyakit Tuberkulosis, Balita merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit infeksi salah satu penyakit yang perlu diwaspadai adalah Tuberkulosis Paru karena angka kcsakitan penyakit tersebut pada balita di Kota Bandung cukup tinggi yaitu 205 penderita dari 2374 penderita kasus di Kota Bandung. Panelitian ini bertujun untuk mengctahui hubungan faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dan karakterislik balita dcngan kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada balita di Kota bandung tahun 2007. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain kasus kontrol dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 176 balita yang tcrdiri dari 88 balita Tuberkulosis Paru dengan gambaran klinis dan rdntgen (+) sebagai kasus dan 88 balita Tuberkulosis Paru dengan gambaran klinis dan rontgen Negatifsebagai kontrol. Data penelitian terdiri dari data primer yang diperoleh dengan wawancara dan pengukuran dan data sekunder dengan cara observasi dokumen. Hasil uji Chi-Square mcnunjukan bahwa teldapat beberapa variabei yang berhubungan bcrmakna secara statistik dengan kejadian Tuberkuiosis Paru pada balita yaitu status gizi, kontak penderita, pengetahuan, penghasilan, kebiasaan merokok, ventilasi, kepadatan hunian dan pencahayaan. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logisrjk diketahui bahwa variabel ventilasi merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada balita di Kota Bandung Tahun 2007 (95CI:26,l26 dan 0R=26,l26). Dari hasil pemodelan variabel penelitian diketahui pula bahwa balita dengan status gizi bl.l.!1.lk, adanya kontak penderita, ventilasi yang tidak mcmenuhi syarat, kepadatan hunian yang tidak memenuhi syarat, dan pencahayaan yang tidak memenuhi syarat mcmpunyai probabilitas terkena Tuberkulosis Paru sebesar 94% dibandingkan dengan balita yang tidak mempunyai faktor resiko tersebut. Saran yang diajukan berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini adalah Penyuluhan tcntang rumah sehat clan hygienisl untuk mencegah penularan Tuberkulosis Pam perlu ditingkatkan kepada masyarakat terutama anggota keluarganya yang positif menderita Taberkulosis Paru, dengan melibatkan tokoh masyamkat, serta lintas sektor lainnya.

TB lungs disease is contagious disease that becomes world health problem because Mycobacterium Tuberculosis has infected one-third world population. In 1993 WHO declared Global emergency of TBC disease. Baby is the most susceptible age group toward various infection diseases. One ofthe most suspicious diseases is TBC Lungs because of quite high disease rate on baby in Bandung City that is 205 patients from 2374 cases of patients in Bandung Regency. This research is aim to recognize relation of house physical environment factor and baby characteristic with TB lungs cases on baby in Bandung Regency year 2007. Research design is using case control design with total sample of 176 babies consist of 88 babies TB lungs with clinical description and x-ray (+) as cases and x-ray (-) as control. Research design consist of primary data that obtained by interview and assessment and secondary data by document observation. Data obtained analyzed with Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis to recognize relation between risk factor and TB lungs cases on babies. Chi-Square test result shows that there are variables significantly* related statistically with Tuberculosis lungs cases on babies that nutrition status, patient contact, knowledge, eaming, smoking habit, ventilation, residence density and lightning. While based on result of logistic regression analysis obtained that ventilation variable is the most dominant variable related with TB lungs cases on babies in Bandung Regency year 2007 (95 CI:26.l26 and 0R=26.l26). From result of research variable model recognized that babies with bad nutrition status, presented patient contact, disqualified ventilation, disqualified residence density and disqualified lightning has probability of infected TB lungs as much as 94% compared to babies with no factors mentioned above. Suggestion based on research result is Counseling toward healthy and hygiene housing to prevent TB lungs infection. It need improved to public especially family members that positively infected TB lungs, by involving public figure and other cross sector.
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T-2580
Depok : FKM UI, 2007
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rin Dwi Septarina; Pembimbing: Nasrin Kodim; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Fita Rosemary
Abstrak:

Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit yang penting untuk ditangani. Penemuan penyakit ini pada anak usia balita (0 - 60 bulan) merupakan hal yang sulit, Pemaparannya pada anak dilihat melalui status mantouxnya. Permasalahan seringkali muncul tanpa disadari pada saat infeksi primer berubah menjadi bentuk klinis melalui kuman yang tidur (dormant} dalam tubuh. Untuk itu, penanganan perlu dilakukan dengan memperhatikan segala potensi risiko yang ada, termasuk risiko penularan melalui kondisi fisik rumah (pencahayaan, kelembaban, ventilasi, kepadatan penghuni rumah).Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan desain cross sectional, berlokasi di wilayah Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah, Cicalengka dan Baleendah Kabupaten Bandung. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 217 orang anak usia balita yang tinggal serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA (+). Sampel diperoleh dengan cara random sederhana sebanyak 160 orang.Balita sebanyak 68,1% mempunyai status mantoux positif, mereka sebagian besar adalah pria (50,6%) dan berumur 12-60 bulan (85%). Kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah berupa kelembaban, pencahayaan dan ventilasi tidak berhubungan dengan status mantoux (p>0,05). Variabel kovariat berupa variabel demografi (umur, jenis kelamin), respon individu (status gizi dan BCG, perilaku meludah, tidur, minum obat dan menjemar peralatan tidur) juga tidak berhubungan (p>0,45). Kepadatan penghuni sebagai salah satu variabel utama berhubungan bermakna dengan status mantoux. Demikian pula dengan variabel perilaku menutup batuk, pengetahuan tentang obat TBC dan pengetahuan tentang menghentikan pengobatan (p<0,05). Hasil analisis interaksi menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada variabel interaksi yang bermakna.Kesimpulan utama memperlihatkan bahwa dari empat variabel utama mengenai kondisi fisik rumah, hanya variabel kepadatan penghuni yang berhubungan bermakna dengan status mantoux balita (p=0,005, OR=3,2). Hal ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh perilaku menutup batuk (p=0,007, OR-3,3), pengetahuan tentang obat TBC (p=0,009, OR=3,5) dan pengetahuan tentang menghentikan pengobatan (p=0,029, OR=2,7).Disarankan balita menjadi bagian dari sasaran program TB paru. Penanganan bisa dimulai dari penyediaan informasi balita berisiko, pemetaan, pembuatan pojok TB di Puskesmas dan konseling pada penderita, dan memodifikasi KMS. Penelitian lain yang serupa perlu dikembangkan dengan memperhatikan keterbatasan yang ada pada penelitian ini.Daftar bacaan : 50 (1972 - 2001)


 

Relation of Housing Physical Environmental Factor with Mantoux Status to The Children below 5 Years of Age in Bandung Regency in 2001Tuberculosis is a critical disease to be handled urgently. To know early this disease at children below 5 years of age (0-60 months) is quiet difficult. Its expose to the children can be seen through its mantoux status. The problem frequently appears without knowing at primary infection changing into clinical form by dormant germ in body. Therefore, the handling is necessarily done with caring any available risky factor, including epidemical risk by housing physical condition (lighting, humidity, ventilation, housing occupant population).This research uses secondary data with cross sectional design, located in Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah area, Cicalengka and Baleendah, Bandung regency. Research population is amounted 217 children below 5 years of age who lived at the same house with TB lungs BTA (+) sufferer. The samples are obtained with simple random methodology effected by 160 persons.68,1% children below 5 years of age posses positive mantoux status, most of them are male (50.60%) and age is 12-60 months (85%). Housing physical environmental condition which has a humidity, lighting and ventilation doesn't relate with mantoux status (p>0,05). Covariate variable is a demography variable (age, sex), individual response (nutrious status and BCG, spitting behaviour, sleeping, drinking medicine and surbathing bed tools) also not to correlate with (p>0.05). Inhabitant population is one of mail variable of significant correlation mantoux status. Furthermore it is the same as behaviour variable closes the cough, the knowledge concerning TBC medicine and how to stop the treatment (p<0.05). Interaction analysis result proved that there was no significant interaction variable.The main conclusion showed that from 4 (four) main variables concerning physical house condition, it is only urbant population variable which related significantly with children below 5 years of age mantoux status (p-0.006, OR=3.2). It is probably influenced by the behaviour not to close the cough (p=0,007, OR=3.3), the knowledge about TBC (p =0.009, OR=3 .5) and how to the treatment (p= 0.029, OR=2.7).We are recommended that the children below 5 years of age become a part of lungs TB program target. The handling can be begun from information providing for the risked children below 5 years of age, mapping, building up TB corner at Puskesmas and conseling to the sufferer and modificating KMS (health card).. Another research which is familiar needs to be developed with caring available limitation on this research.Reference list : 50 (1972 - 2001)

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T-1278
Depok : FKM-UI, 2002
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nur Widodo; Pemb. Rachmadi Purwana, I Made Djaja; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Hendri Hendiyan
T-2740
Depok : FKM UI, 2007
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Budiaman; Pemb: I Made Djaja, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono; Penguji: Rachmadhi Purwana, Maman Sudirman, Achmad Prihatna
Abstrak:
Respiration illness has some different symptoms basically is caused of irritation, failure of transparent muccociliari, more rekresi lender and respiration stricture. Children under tive years old at Primary Heath Care of Pangkalan Kerinci in Pelalawan District risk of respiration problem and based on result of annual report at Primary Health Care, respiration trouble illness is the tirst of ten illnesses at this area. lt is because of most public spend 90 % their time in room (house). Therefore research is pointed by the way of looking for relationship between PMN rate at house, house physical environment factor and children under tive years old characteristic which related to respiration problem occurrence becoming a reason. WHO estimated that there were 400-500 millions people who faced air pollution problem of variation room including headache, head cold, drought red lane, drought coughs, eye irritation, skin irritation, influenza, breathless and tuberculosis. This research purpose to know prevalence between respiration problem illness among children under tive years old, relationship of PMN rate at house, house physical environment factor (10 variables) and children under tive years old characteristic (5 variables) with respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old, and looking for factor which is most dominance effect of respiration problem illness among children under tive years old at Primary Health Care of Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan District in Riau Province, time period of Measurement appliance which is used to measure PM", rate at house consists of Haz Dust Sampler, EPAM S000 model, temperature by thennometer, dampness by hygrometer, illumination by luxmeter, and appliance which is used to get primary data of children under tive years old characteristic by questionnaire and checklist. 'l`his research used a cross sectional design which participating population of 615 Head of Family (KK) by sample number of 261 children under five years old, where data was collected at the same time of PMN, rate, house physic environment and children under five years old characteristic and there were not respiration problem illness occurrence among children under five years old. Based on research result which has been done it was indicated that: l). Prevalence of children under tive years old who faced of respiration problem illness was 78,2 % _ 2). Children under five years old house with PMN rate which did not fulfill requirement was 55,6 %, 3). There is no meaning ditference of PM", rate at house (p value = 0,393) with respiration problem among children under tive years old. 4). Habit of children under tive years old out of house has a meaning difference of respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old by p- value = 0,007 and OR = 2,59 (95 % CI: 1,333-5,083). Children under ive years old who are out of house have risk of respiration problem illness 2,59 times compared with children under tive years old are out of house for long time. 5). Factor which is most dominance influencing respiration problem iilness occurrence among children under five years old are usage of fuel for cooking and children under tive years old who are out of house. Children under tive years old who are out of house have risk of respiration problem illness 2,59 times compared with children under five years old who are at house for long time, and also usage of fuel for cooking which became smoke has risk 2,32 times of reqriration problem illness compared with usage of Riel for cooking which did not become smoke (gas and electricity). 6). Probability of respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old where they used fuel which will become smoke at their house and children under five years oId who have habit out of house 83,5 %. 7). Children under five years old who used fuel for cooking which became smoke (wood, charcoal and kerosene) and many activities of children under tive years old out of house have probabiiity of respiration problem illness occurrence 1,5 times bigger than children under five years old which used fuel for cooking which did not become smoke (gas and electrics) and many activities of children under five years old out of house.
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T-2952
Depok : FKM UI, 2008
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Jahiroh; Pemb. Nurhayati Prihartono; Penguji: Ratna Djuwita, Rusli
T-3889
Depok : FKM UI, 2013
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rini Handayani; Pembimbing: Renti Mahkota; Penguji: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Ririn Arminsih, Edy Hariyanto, Ely Setyawati
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di Provinsi Bengkulu tahun 2015 menyebabkan adanyapencemaran udara baik di dalam maupun di luar ruangan. Hal ini juga mengakibatkanmeningkatnya kejadian ISPA pada balita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuihubungan kondisi rumah, kepadatan hunian dan pajanan asap terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balitadi Kota Bengkulu saat kebakaran hutan tahun 2015. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahcase control. Kasus merupakan balita yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Kecamatan dan didiagnosamenderita ISPA dan kontrol adalah dua balita tetangga kasus yang ditemui pertama kali.

Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jenis atap (OR: 2,79; 95% CI: 1,36-5,69), ventilasi (OR: 2,60; 95%CI: 1,39-4,84), kepadatan hunian (OR: 2,14; 95% CI: 1,07-4,28), dan asap bahan bakar memasak(OR: 4,14; 95% CI: 1,56-10,9) memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap ISPA. Jadi, ada hubunganantara kondisi rumah, kepadatan hunian dan pajanan asap terhadap kejadian ISPA pada Balitasetelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat.

Kata kunci:ISPA, Faktor Lingkungan, Balita, Kebakaran Hutan
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T-4727
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Wenny Wiharsini; Pembimbing: Renti Mahkota; Penguji: Tri Yunis Miko, Rosamarlina
Abstrak: Proposi kasus TB anak mencapai 10.45% (Kemkes, 2011). Presentase kunjungan untuk kasus TB pada balita meningkat dari tahun 2009 sebesar 28,9% menjadi 34% pada tahun 2010 dari semua kunjungan kasus TB.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor kontak, karakteristik balita dan orang tua dengan kejadian TB paru pada balita di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso pada tahun 2012.
 
Desain studi kasus kontrol, kasus adalah pasien usia 6-59 bulan yang berkunjung ke RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Sarorso dan telah didiagnosa menderita TB paru. Kontrol adalah balita yang datang berobat dan tidak didiagnosa menderita TB paru.
 
Faktor risiko antara lain, kontak penderita, karakteristik balita: jenis kelamin, status gizi, riwayat berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI eksklusif, status imunisasi BCG, usia saat imunisasi BCG, dan karakteristik orang tua: pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan orang tua, pengetahuan, faktor kebiasaan merokok antara lain: keberadaan perokok dan tempat merokok.
 
Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa 4 variabel faktor risiko yaitu, kontak penderita OR = 3,23 (95% CI: 1,29-8,10), status gizi OR= 2,38 (95% CI: 1,13-5,01), status imunisasi (keberadaan scar) OR=5,57 (95% CI: 2,48-12,54) dan pekerjaan ibu OR=0,279 (95% CI: 0,10-0,78) menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna, sedangkan variabel lainnya seperti jenis kelamin, status gizi, riwayat berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI eksklusif, status imunisasi BCG, usia saat imunisasi BCG, pekerjaan dan pendidikan ibu, penghasilan orang tua, pengetahuan, faktor kebiasaan merokok: keberadaan perokok dan tempat merokok menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna.
 
Dari hasil penelitian ini maka disarankan perlu adanya penyuluhan mengenai penyakit TB seperti cara penularannya dan bagaimana sebaiknya orang tua mencegah agar anaknya tidak tertular TB paru.
 

Proportion of TB cases child reaches 10.45% (MOH, 2011). The percentage of visits to cases of TB in infants increased from 28.9% in 2009 to 34% in 2010 of all visits TB.Penelitian cases aims to determine the relationship of contact factors, the characteristics of toddlers and parents with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants RSPI Prof Dr Sulianti Saroso in 2012.
 
Design case-control study, cases were patients aged 6-59 months who visited RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Sarorso and had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Controls were children who came for treatment and was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis.
 
Among other risk factors, patient contacts, toddler characteristics: gender, nutritional status, history of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, BCG immunization status, age at BCG, and parental characteristics: mother's education and occupation, parental income, knowledge factors, smoking habits, among others: the presence of smokers and smoking areas.
 
The results of the bivariate analysis showed that four variables are risk factors, patient contact OR = 3.23 (95% CI: 1.29 to 8.10), the nutritional status OR = 2.38 (95% CI: 1.13 to 5, 01), immunization status (presence of scar) OR = 5.57 (95% CI: 2.48 to 12.54) and maternal employment OR = 0.279 (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.78) showed a significant correlation , while other variables such as gender, nutritional status, history of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, BCG immunization status, age at BCG, occupation and maternal education, parental income, knowledge, habit factors: the presence of smokers and the smoke show relationships were not significant.
 
From these results it is recommended that there is need for education about TB disease such as the mode of transmission and how parents should prevent their children not infected with pulmonary TB.
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S-7562
Depok : FKM-UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Yudhi Setiawan; Pembimbing: Mondastri Korib Sudaryo; Penguji: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Siti Nadia, Rojali
T-3081
Depok : FKM-UI, 2009
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Raden Nurilma Hidayatullah; Pembimbing: Syahrizal; Penguji: Yovsyah, Upi Meikawati
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik individu dan kondisi lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru pada penduduk semua umur di Provinsi Banten Tahun 2018. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2018. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 17.846 responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan Uji Chi-square.
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S-10817
Depok : FKM UI, 2021
S1 - Skripsi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ade Irwan Afandi; Pembimbing: Renti Mahkota, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono; Penguji: Nurhayati A. Prihartono, Sholah Imari
Abstrak:

Kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada balita di Wonosobo meningkat dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Kejadian tertinggi adalah 348 per 1.000 balita pada tahun 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan fisik rumah terhadap ISPA, dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua balita di Kabupaten Wonosobo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah 2012. Sampel dipilih secara acak sederhana berdasarkan cluster mewakili perbedaan ketinggian di Wonosobo, selanjutnya pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan cara Propobability proportional to Size (N = 250). Studi ini menemukan prevalens kejadian ISPA sebesar 60,80%, lingkungan fisik rumah berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pengetahuan ibu. Proporsi kejadian ISPA 68,47% dari balita yang tinggal pada kondisi rumah kurang, sedangkan 27,66% balita tinggal dalam kondisi baik (PR= 2,47, 95% CI: 1,545-3.967). Diperlukan upaya promosi kesehatan dan tindakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan terutama kondisi rumah untuk mencegah ISPA.


 The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) on children under five in Wonosobo was increasing in the last 3 years. The highest was 348 per 1.000 children under five in 2010. The study aimed to determine the influence of house condition to ARI. This was an analytic cross sectional study. The population was all of under five In Wonosobo District, Central Java Province 2012. Sample was selected by cluster simple random sampling, the cluster was representing the altitude of Wonosobo, then the selection of subject study using propobabilty proportional to size (N=250). This study found a prevalence of 60.80% of ARI, the house physical environment associated with the incidence of ARI home after the controlled of maternal knowledge variable. proportion of ARI incidence 68.47% of children who live on bad house conditions, while 27.66% children under five living in good conditions (PR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.545 to 3967). Need a health promotion and an action to increasing the health environments especially the house conditions to prevent ARI.

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T-3658
Depok : FKM UI, 2012
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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