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The Sexual Infectious Disease (SID} medical checkup tariff at Mangga Besar Public Health Center is only Rp 20,000 for each visit. If the current price is raised, it is afraid that public purchase interest is declining. On the contraryif it is decreased, there is a possibility of public lessening trust on the quality served. The purpose of the study is to acquire the rational cost of SJD medical checkup at Jelia Clinic Mangga Besar Public Health Center West Jakarta by focusing on the unit cost, recovery cost levet. and public purchase ability and interest. The srudy ls analytical study with the cost analysis approath. Cost analysis method used is Activity Based Costing (ABC} which traces cost based on Clinical Pathway, and atso collect data pertaining public purchase ability and interest of the respondents as the customers of the SiD medical checkup services. It is derived from the srudy that SID medical checkup cost is Rp.16.077.489.10,- of the total direct investment cost; while direct operational cost is Rp. 237.970.301,- with the biggest component is on employee salary with the amount of Rp. 149.118504,-. SID medical checkup indirect cost is Rp. 148.719.898,- or 36,9% of the total cost. The total cost of SID medical checkup at ? is Rp. 53.203,- and median is Rp. 37.500,-. ATP is higher tban WTP. It is determined that the SID medical checkup rational oost based on the simulation is Rp. 70.000,-. It is suggested that further comprehensive study on SID medical checkup cost and utilization on SID medical checkup are to be improvesociety's for commercial sexual workers needs to be enhanced, DKl Jakarta Health Office needs to coordinate better with Sub Health Office and Public Health Center, and the scheme of SID medical checkup cost settlement is needed. To sum up, it is hoped that there is a sustained intervention to lessen HIV cases in order to improvesociety's productivity and wealth.
Reformasi telah mengubah kebijakan pembangunan nasional dimana setiap kebijakan pembangunan kesehatan diisyaratkan harus mencakup paradigma sehat. Di sisi lain, lahir pula kebijakan otonomi daerah. Sebagai salah satu implikasinya adalah dalam pembiayaan kesehatan. Alokasi anggaran daerah untuk kesehatan menjadi sangat tergantung sepenuhnya pada keputusan di tingkat daerah. Dengan adanya krisis ekonomi yang belum kunjung teratasi maka terjadi peningkatan beban pembiayaan kesehatan, di lain pihak masyarakat semakin kritis menuntut pelayanan yang bermutu. Untuk dapat mencapai pembangunan kesehatan dan kecukupan alokasi pembiayaan kesehatan maka salah satu peluang adalah mobilisasi dana melalui mekanisme peningkatan tarif terhadap pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat, dengan sayarat sesuai kemampuan membayar masyarakat. Di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat sampai saat ini belum diketahui berapa besarnya tarif Puskesmas yang rasional, Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan didapatkan gambaran tarif Puskesmas yang rasional untuk wilayah kerja Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, dengan mempertimbangkan biaya satuan, kemampuan dan kemauan membayar masyarakat dalam membayar tarif pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua Puskesmas yang diambil secara purposive dari sembilan Puskesmas yang ada, dengan dasar kriteria pemilihan yang ditentukan dan diharapkan dapat mewaldli Puskesmas di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. Puskesmas tersebut adalah Puskesmas Kuala Tungkal II yang berada di pusat Kabupaten dan Puskesmas Pijuan Baru yang berada di desa Pijuan Baru Kecamatan Tungkal Ulu. Analisis biaya menggunakan data sekunder yang tersedia di Puskesmas pada tahun 2001. Sedangkan analisis kemampuan dan kemauan membayar masyarakat dilakukan dengan survei terhadap masyarakat di dua wilayah Puskesmas tersebut, dengan pemilihan sampel rumah tangga yang berada dalam radius 5 km dari Puskesmas, masing-masing secara acak dipilih 100 responden. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tarif Puskesmas Rp 2.000,- yang barn diberlakukan pada bulan September 2001 berada dibawah biaya satuan normatif (Rp 7.239,- untuk Puskesmas Kuala Tungkal II sampai Rp 9.899,- untuk Puskesmas Pijuan Baru) dan dibawah kemampuan dan kemauan membayar masyarakat. Dengan simulasi tarif yang dilakukan maka dengan tarif Rp 5.000,- yang diusulkan sebagai tarif yang rasional dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan cost recovery rate Puskesmas namun masih realistis dilihat dari tingkat kemampuan masyarakat. Terhadap sejumlah masyarakat yang tidak mampu membayar akibat kenaikan tarif hams mendapat subsidi, misalnya dengan cara pemberian "Kartu Miskin". Dafar Pustaka : 26 ( 1983 sampai 2001 )
The current reform has changed national development policies, all policies in health have to be in line with healthy paradigms. On the other hand, regional autonomy policy has been set up One implication is that allocation for health budget depend on regional decision making. The economic crisis which not been recovered yet have increased the health financial burden. Meanwhile the society demand on health services has been increasing. To achieve the health development goal and to meet the budget allocation for health, one possibility opportune is through resource mobilization i.e. pricing adjustment in public institution. Up to now the rational tariff for PHC in Tanjung Jabung Barat District has not been determined yet. This research was carried out to describe the illus the rational tariff for PHC in Tanjung Jabung Barat District by considering unit cost, as well as ability to pay. Two out of nine PHC had purposively been sampled based on certain criteria to represent all of PHC in Tanjung Jabung Barat District. The two PHCs were PHC Kuala Tungkal II in urban area and PHC Pijuan Baru on Pijuan Baru village in Tungkai Ulu district/rural area. PHC cost analysis used the secondary data in 2001, while ability to pay analysis used survey data on two selected PHC. Respondents are families who reside within the 5 km radius of the PHC. Total number of samples is 100 respondents for each PHC area. The research found that the current price of Rp 2.000,- which has been adopted since September 2001 was below the normative unit cost (Rp 7.239,- for PHC Kuala Tungkal II up to Rp 9.899,- for PHC Pijuan Baru) and the community still can afford it. From the tariff simulation it is suggested that tariff could be adjusted to Rp 5.000; increasing revenue and cost recovery rate is expected could cover the need for opeartional cost. For the poor the government should provide subsidy, for example using "Kartu Miskin". Reference: 26 (1983 - 2001)
Dikaitkan dengan persiapan otonomi daerah, tanggung jawab para pemimpin daerah khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pembiayaan bidang kesehatan akan lebih besar, Kabupaten Tangerang harus berupaya untuk memobilisasi dana masyarakat melalui upaya peningkatan pendapatan daui masyarakat untuk menutupi biaya pelayanannya. Penyesuaian tarif yang rasional merupakan salah satu altematif untuk mengatasi beban biaya tersebut. Hal ini dimungkinkan asalkan scsuai dengan tingkat kemampuan membayar (ability ro pay) dan kemauan mcmbayar (willingnes to pay) masyarakat setempat.
Tarif pelayanan kesehatan di Kabupaten Tangerang perlu dilihat sebagai salah satu altematif unutk meningkatkan pendapatan Puskesmas guna memcukupi kebutuhan biaya operasional maupun pemeliharaannya dalam upaya memberikan pelayanan yang lebih bermutu. Namun demikian, dalam kebijakan sektor kesejahteraau (welfare policy), seyogyanya pelayanan yang bersifat public goods dibiayai bersama oleh masyarakat melalui tangan Pemerintah dalam bentuk subsidi yang berasal dari masyarakat sendiri. A Sampai saat ini belum diketahui besamya tarif rasional Puskesmas di Kabupaten Tangerang, oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besamya biaya total produksi, biaya satuan aktual, biaya satuan normati besarnya revenue, dan besarnya cost recovery Puskesmas dan tentu saja diperolehnya gambaran kemampuan membayar masyarakat di Kabupaten Tangerang dengan mempenimbangkan juga tarif pesaing setara sebagai dasar dalam melaksanakan penyesuaian tarif Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kahupaten Tangerang pada 4 Puskesmas yang diambil secara purposive dan diharapkan dapat mewakili 40 Puskesmas yang ada yaitu di Puskesmas Balaraja, Puskesmas Sukadiri, Puskesmas Pamulang dan Puskesmas Dangdnng Analisis hiaya Puskesmas menggunakan data sekunder, yaitu data Puskesmas tahun 1999/2000 dan data kemampuan membayar masyarakat memakai data Susenas tahun 1999 berdasarkan kemampuan pengeluaran non esensial.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tarif yang sekarang berlaku di Semua unit produksi Puskesmas jauh di bawah biaya tuannya. Untuk biaya satuan di unit produksi dengan output yang heterogen dilakukan penghitungan Relative Value Unit HU/U). Cos! Recovely Rate Puskesmas Kabupaten Tangerang masih rendah dan semua unit produksi mengalami deiisit. CRR paling tinggi di unit produksi laboratozium Puskesmas Balaraja yaitu sebesar 48,1%. ATP Kabupaten Tangerang hasil Susenas tahun 1999 berdasarkan pcngeluaran non esensial (tembakau sirih) sebesar Rp.36,847,- dengan pengeluaran terendah Rp.l5.235,- dan tertinggi sebesar Rp.55.240,-
Hasil dari simulasi tarif dengan berdasarkan biaya satuan, kemampuan membayar masyarakat, Cos! Recovery Rate sorta mempertimbangkan tarif pesaing setara malta tarif yang diusulkan untuk tmit produksi Balai Pengobatan (BP) adalah sebesar Rp.5.000,- perkunjungan dengan 88,17 % masyarakat mampu membayar, sisanya sebanyak ll,83% termasuk kelompok tersingkir dan hams mendapat subsidi salah satunya adalah dengan pembelian kartu sehat. Untuk tarif lain di luar unit produksi BP hendalmya mengacu kepada biaya satuan yang telah dihitung dalam penelitian ini. Apabila akan diberlakukan tarif nmggal (seragarn) di semua Puskesmas Kabupaten Tangerang dengan subsidi sllang antar Puskesmas hendaknya didasari hasil analisis biaya masing-masing Puskesmas.
Health services in Indonesia is getting more and more developed rapidly and it increases the health financing. After the crisis hit, the Enancing burden is getting more and more unbearable due to the very high inflation. The economic crisis is also burdening the govemment on how to finance the health cost because the govemment has to subsidize the health services for the poor people. Besides it also minimizes the allocation of health cost. In implementing the main programs of their relevant tasks, PI-[Cs under go the increasing costs. The now available fluid, either from the Central, Provincial, and Regional Governments is felt more insuicient , mean while the society demands on health services keep increasing as well.
In line with the Regional Autonomy preparation, the Regional leaders, specially those who are dealing with the health service financing are bearing greater responsibilities. Tangerang Regional Govemment has to try to mobilize the public iitnds for raising income collected fiom the society to cover their health services. The rational adjustment of tariif is an alternative solution to the cost biuiden. It is possible as long as it is considering the ability to pay adan willingness to pay.
The tariff of health services in Tangerang Region should be viewed as one altemative to increase the income of a PHC to cover the operational and maintenance costs so that it can give more quality services. However in the welfare policy , the public goods services should be financed collectively through the govemment subsidy collected liom the society it self Up to now the rational tariff for PHC in Tangerang is not known yet.
Therefore this research is carried out to find out the total production cost, actual unit cost, normative unit cost, the revenue amount, and recovery cost in a PHC. lt is also aimed at finding out the illustration of the paying power of Tangerang society by considering the competitors tariff as the basis of the tariff adjustment. This research is carried out in Tangerang District at 4 PHCS which have been selected purposively and they are expected to represent 40 existing PHCs in Tangerang. The 4 PHCs were PHC Balaraja, PHC Sukadiri, PHC Pamulang and PHC Dangdang. PHC cost analysis uses the secondary data ie.1999/2000 PHCs and 1999 Susenas on non-essential eaqaenses.
The analysis result shows that the existing tariff eH ective in all PHC production units is titr below the unit cost. For the unit cos in a production tmit with the heterogeneous output, the RVU was calculated. Tangerang District PHC cost recovery rate is still low and all production units suffer deficit. The highest CRR in It production unit is Balaraja PHC laboratorium with 48,1 %. The ATP of Tangerang Region in 1999 msenas on non-essential elqaeoses is Rp 36.847, with the lowest expense of Rp 15.235 and the highest exp se is Rp 55.240.
From the tariff simulation on unit cost, society paying power, CRR and considering the competitors? tari&, the suggested tarif for a production unit in a Clinic (BP) is Rp 5000.- per visit. With that 88, 17 % of the society can it and the rest 11,83 % cannot alford it so that they need to be subsidized. One way of giving the subsidy is providing them with the health cards. Tariffs other than the Clinic production unit should refer to the unit costs which have been calculated in this research. 1999. We suggested that the price charged by The PHC was best levied regionally in accordance to the group of society based on unit cost, affordability and acceptance applicable to the patiens of each particular PHC. In the future, it is therefore unavoidable thateach district could have more then otielevel of prices.
Adolescence is a period in human development that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. The results of the 2017 Indonesian Adolescent Reproductive Health Survey (SKRRI) show that 3.7% of all adolescents aged 15-24 years have risky sexual behavior. It is also feared that this will have an impact on the physical, psychological and social aspects of adolescents to the emergence of disability and death of future productive generations due to teenage pregnancy, depression, and also experiencing sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of premarital sexual behavior in adolescent boys in Indonesia, further analysis of the 2017 IDHS-KRR data for. The results of this study found that premarital sexual behavior in unmarried male adolescents aged 15-24 years in Indonesia, was 12.1%. Variables related to premarital sexual behavior in adolescent boys include age, education, knowledge, participation in youth programs, peer discussions, discussions with health workers and media exposure. The most dominant variable influencing premarital sexual behavior in male adolescents is media exposure with OR 1.065 (95% CI=0.874-1.296).
Kata kunci : Pelayanan Kesehatan Tingkat Lanjutan, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Beban Kapitasi
In Era National Social Security System, a mayor milestone of health care is primary health care as a gatekeeper. The Ministry of Health provided specialization in Jakarta to serving some additional services beyond standard in JKN program. This study discusses capitation, types of service, cost, total cost to provided secondary health service and impact of secondary health financing with capitation for basic health services. Type of research using quantitative approach with cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the visit registers and JKN participants data. Result of study found that capitation funds obtained by PHC Jagakarsa of Rp. 2.059.704.000,- during period from January to June 2014, with average participant per mouth 57.214. Type of secondary level health service is utilized are specialist services, rongent, physiotherapy, acupuncture and secondary laboratory services. The utilization rate is low (1,16%) with the most widely used service is secondary laboratory service (0,75%) and the smallest is a pediatrician service (0,02%). Costs applicable in accordance with the Gubernur regulation Number 68 of 2012 with an average value Rp.22.400,- . From calculations, the secondary health care costs by Rp.128.945.000,- or Rp 257.890.000/year (6,26% of the fund capitation). There is no significant impact on basic health services because of costs for basic services only 4,91% of total capitation. So, there is still plenty of unused funds.
Key word : Secondary health services, National Health Insurance (JKN), Capitation Expense
