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Sampai saat ini diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di kota Jakarta khususnya Kecamatan Koja Kota Jakarta Utara. Laporan penyakit diare di Kecamatan Koja selama tahun 2007 sebanyak 1.844 dengan Prevalen Rate (PR) sebesar 756 per 100.000 penduduk dan angka kematian (CFR) sebesar 0,9 %. Berdasarkan kelompok umur, angka kejadian diare untuk kelompok umur < 1 tahun sebesar 612, umur 1-4 tahun sebesar 708, umur 5 - 14 tahun sebesar 119, umur 15 - 44 tahun sebesar 222 dan umur ≥ 45 tahun sebesar 183. Data penyakit lain yang berhubungan dengan diare seperti campak ada 9 kasus, gizi buruk (malnutrisi) 201 kasus dan tiphus ada 393 kasus. Hasil pemeriksaan kualitas air secara bakteriologis pada bulan Februari 2007, dari 30 sampel air minum isi ulang diperiksa, 18 sampel (60%) tidak memenuhi syarat. Pada bulan November 2007, dari 7 sampel air minum isi ulang diperiksa semuanya dinyatakan memenuhi syarat, dari 12 sampel air PAM diperiksa, 4 sampel (33,33 %) tidak memenuhi syarat dan dari 11 sampel air hidrant diperiksa, 1 sampel (9,09 %) tidak memenuhi syarat. Ada kecurigaan bahwa penyebab terjadinya diare di Kecamatan Koja adalah kuantitas dan kualitas penyediaan air bersih dan air minum tidak memenuhi syarat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan antara kandungan E. coli pada air minum dengan diare pada balita sebagai bahan informasi perencanaan program penanggulangan dan antisipasi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) diare di Kecamatan Koja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Cross Sectional Study dengan melakukan observasional melalui pengukuran sesaat atau satu kali pada bulan April sampai dengan Mei 2008 terhadap variable independen yaitu kandungan E. Coli pada air minum dan variabel dependen yaitu kejadian diare pada balita dengan mengikutsertakan variabel perancu meliputi jenis kelamin, kelompok umur, status gizi, status imunisasi, ada tidaknya penyakit infeksi selain diare, minum pakai botol, kebiasaan cuci tangan, status ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, sumber air minum, sumber air bersih, tingkat risiko pencemaran dan kualitas jamban keluarga. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah tidak ada hubungan antara kandungan E.coli pada air minum dengan kejadian diare pada balita. Variabel yang ada hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian diare pada balita adalah penyakit infeksi selain diare dengan p value 0,001 dan odd rasio (OR) sebesar 5,241 (95 % CI: 2,146 - 12,800). Sedangkan variabel kelompok umur, status gizi, status imunisasi, minum pakai botol, kebiasaan cuci tangan, status ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuanm, sumber air minum, sumber air bersih, tingkat risiko pencemaran dan kualitas jamban keluarga tidak ada hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian diare pada balita. Diharapkan adanya peningkatan frekuensi kegiatan promosi kesehatan tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, meningkatkan cakupan kegiatan surveillans kasus diare dan penyakit lain seperti campak, malnutrisi, disentry, kecacingan dan tiphus serta surveillans faktor risiko. Perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut tentang penyakit infeksi selain diare yang ada kaitannya dengan kejadian diare pada balita.
Diarrhea has become problem of public health in Jakarta, especially in Koja Sub District, North Jakarta. The report of diarrhea in North Jakarta in 2007 were 1.844 cases with PR 765 per 100.000 people and CFR 0.9%. The highest case of diarrhea happened in February and November 2007. By age group, the number of people suffering from diarrhea are : age group < 1 year : 612, age group 1 - 4 year : 708, age group 5 - 14 : 119, age group 15 - 44 year old : 222 and age group > 45 : 183. Any infectious diseases other than diarrhea such as measles or morbilli were 9 cases, malnutrition 201 cases and typhoid 393 cases. The result of bacteriological assessment of the water in 2007 indicated that 18 (60%) out of 30 samples of refilled drinking water didn`t meet requirement, 4 (33,4%) out of 12 samples of drinking water produced by drinking water enterprises didn`t meet requirement and 1 (9,09%) out of 11 samples of drinking water sampled through reservoir (hydrant) didn`t meet requirement. There`s assumption that the cause of diarrhea in Koja Sub district is related to the quality of clean water which doesn`t meet requirement bacteriologically and it is not sufficiently available. The aim of the research is to get to know the correlation between E.Coli in drinking water and diarrhea occurrence on toddlers as an information for planning of prevention and anticipation of diarrhea outbreak program in Koja Sub district. This research is Cross sectional study by observation through temporary measurement from April up to May 2008 on independent variable which is E.Coli in drinking water and dependent variable which is diarrhea occurrence by considering other variables which are : age group, nutrition status, any infectious diseases other than diarrhea, using bottle to drink, mother`s washing hand habit, economic status, education level of mother, knowledge level of mother, drinking water sources, clean water facilities, the risk level of pollution and the quality of water latrine. The result of study indicates that there`s no significant correlation between E. Coli in drinking water and diarrhea occurrence on toddlers. Variable having significant correlation with diarrhea occurrence is infectious disease other than diarrhea with p value 0,001 and Odd ratio (OR) 5,241 (95 % CI : 2,146 - 12,800) variables such as age group, nutrition status, immunization status, using bottle to drink, mother`s washing hand habit, economic status, education level of mother, knowledge level of mother, drinking water sources, clean water facilities, the risk level of pollution and the quality of water latrine have no significant correlation with diarrhea occurrence on toddlers. It is advisable that there should be the increase of health promotion about healthy life style, surveillance of diarrhea and other diseases, such as measles or morbilli, malnutrition, disentry, soil infection and typhoid as well as surveillance of the risk factor. There should be in dept research about infectious disease other than diarrhea suspected as the cause of diarrhea on toddlers.
Diare adalah penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kcsehatan masyarakat di Kecamatan Koja Kota Administratif Jakarta Utara. Berdasarkan kasus diare yang tematat pada Lapolan Tahunan Puskesmas Kecamatan Koja Tahun 2007 terdapat sebanyak 1844 kasus. Kebanyakan dazi mereka yaitu 1.320 pasien (7l,58 %) adalah baiita. Kejadian ini menjadi masalah penting untuk dioegah dan ditanggulangi agar tidak terulang dimasa yang akan datang. Penelitian mengenaj kandungan Escherichia coli pada makanan balita belum pemah dilakukan scbelumnya. Penclitian ini bertujuan untuk mcngetahui hubungan kandungan Escherichia coli pada makanan balita dcngan diarc pada balita di Kecamatan Koja Kota Administratif Jakarta Utara Tahun 2008. Waktu penelitian pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2008 berlokasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Koja. Disain penelitian menggunakan Cross Seclional Stunfy yaitu untuk meneliti adakah hubungan antara kandungan Ecoli pada makanan balita dengan diare pada balita. Metode pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah dengan wawancara dan sampel makanan balita pada media Endo Agar. Hasil penelitian dari 140 sampel menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kandungan E.coli pada makanan baléta dengan diare pada balita di Kecamatan Koja Jakarta Utara. Variabel yang paling dominafl terhadap diare pada balita di Kccamatan Koja Kota Adminstxatif Jakarta Utara adalah status ekonomi setelah dikontrol oleh status gizi balita. Dari hasil penelitian diharapkan Kecamatan Koja Kota Administratif Jakarta Utara dapat membuat program pclatihan ketrampilan sesuai dengan kondisi dan keadaan sumberdaya yang ada seperti bctemak ikan hias: cupang, blackghosr dsb., sehingga dapat membantu meningkatkan perekonomian keluarga Suku Dinas Kesehatan Jakarta Utara diharapkan lebih sneningkatkan penyuluhan, promosi dan pelaksanaan program _Positive Deviance melalui pcran posyandu setempat. Penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya mcnggunakan disain studi kohort sehingga faktor penyebab diare dapat diketahuj karena diare merupakan penyakit yang multifaktorial.
Diarrhea is an infections disease which has been problem of public health in Koja Subdistrict, North Jakarta. According to diarrhea cases which were recorded on annual report by Public Hmlth Center in Koja Subdistrict 2007, there were 1.844 cases. Out of 1.320 patients (7l,58 %) were toddlers. The most cases were in February 2007 which were 2.097 cases with I3 patients died. This occurence shoukd be prevented in order not to happen in the titture. The study of Escherichia coli content related to food has not been done. The objective of this study is to get to know the correlation between Escherichia coli content in the food with diarrhea on toddlers in Koja Subdistrict North Jakarta 2008. This study was conducted in June 18 until July 13, 2008. The desaign of this study is cross sectional to analyze the correlation between E.coli content in the food with diarrhea on toddlers. The method to collect the data is by interviewing and assessing bacteriologically of food samples. The study indicates theres no significant correlation between Ecoli and diarrhea on toddlers. The most variable againrs diarrhea on toddlers in Koja Subdistrict North Jakarta is economic status after being controlled by nutrition status on toddlers. For this reason, North Jakarta City Adminstration, specifically in Koja Subdistrict is expected to develop the program in order to improve the economic condition of society. Municipal Health of North Jakarta is expected to improve health education, health promotion and positive devianee programs to the society in Koja Subdistrict, North Jakarta. Cohort study for the following reseanch is preferable in order to get to know accurately diarrhea is multifactorial disease.
H2S is dangerous compound that colorless and has smell like rotten egg. One of this compound source is produced from decomposition process in landfill. The most sensitive body system when exposed to H2S is respiratory system. This study aims to analyze the effect of H2S intake to respiratory symptoms at people living around the Cipayung Landfill. This study design uses cross sectional. Data collection was carried out by interview by questionnaire and measure H2S ambient at 9 poimts locate aroundd community settlements. The result were found intake of H2S associated with respiratory symptoms (p value=0,012; OR=10,5; CI 95%=1,25-88,02). The result of multivariat analysis were found H2S intake influence respiratory symptoms after controlled by duration living variable (p value=0,026; OR=6,78; CI 95%= 1,612-64,572). It needs to measure routine H2S ambient and ensure that concentration was safe as well as proper management efforts from City Government of Depok, Cipayung Landfill and related stakeholders in order to reduce the health risk problems to the people living around Cipayung landfill.
Jatinegara Sub District is an area with the highest incidence of diarrhea in East Jakarta. Diarrhea prevalence on toddler in 2014 is 3525 (9,65%). Drinking water refill that have been contaminated Eschericia coli risk to cause diarrhea to toddler who consume it. The goal of this research is to identify relationship between Eschericia coli presence in drinking water refill and incidence of diarrhea on toddlers in Jatinegara Sub District in 2015. Design used of this research is cross sectional. Result of the research show that Eshericia coli in drinking water refill depot is p = 0,035; OR= 2,360, education level of mothers p=0,030; OR = 2,417, mother hand washing behaviour p=0,045; OR= 2,222. The conclusion of the research shows that there is significant relationship between Eschericia coli presence in drinking water refill depot, mother education level, mother hand washing behavior and incidence of diarrhea on toddlers in Jatinegara district in 2015. Keyword : Toddlers, Diarrhea, Drinking Water Refill Depot, Escherichia coli
Penyediaan air merupakan salah satu kebutuhan utama bagi manusia untuk hidup dan menjadi Faktor penentu dalam kesehatan dan kesejahteraan manusia. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air minum, masyarakat lebih menyukai air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) yang diproduksi oleh industri besar dan melalui proses yang otomatis dan disertai pengujian Iaboratorium sebelum air tersebut diedarkan sehingga dianggap lebih praktis dan higienis. Namun AMDK semakin mahal dan masyarakat beralih pada air minum dari depot air minum yang harganya 1/3 dari AMDK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan E.coIi dalam air produksi depot air minum terhadap kejadian diare pada balita dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang. Unit analisis adalah 30 depot air minum yang tersebar di Kecamatan Sungailiat dan masing-masing depot air minum dilakukan pengambilan sampel responden secara acak sederhana sebanyak 300 responden. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara E coli dalam air produksi depot air minum yang diminum balita dengan kejadian diare pada balita tersebut. Variabel kondisi jamban keluarga, kondisi sarana air bersih dan perilaku cuci tangan ibu/pengasuh balita menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian diare.Variabel proses pengolahan dan higiene sanitasi depot air minum berhubungan signifikan terhadap adanya E. coli dalam air produksi depot air minum. Dalam penelitian ini adanya E.coli dalam air produksi depot air minum tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita namun demikian disarankan kepada masyarakat untuk menanyakan sertifikat uji laik higiene sanitasi dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium kepada pengelola depot air minum sebelum membeli dan mengkonsumsi air produksi depot air minum. Disamping itu juga sebaiknya diadakan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang cara pencegahan diare yaitu dengan melakukan pemeliharan sumber air bersih, jamban keluarga dan higiene perorangan khususnya cuci tangan pakai sabun.
Water supply is the main necessity for human being to live in and it becomes determining factor of health and wealth. In fulfill the water supply, people are prefer orderly water (AMDK) producted by some industries and automatically process with laboratorium test before being deal, so it would be better. But AMDK is much more expensive then the people finally change into the water sold in the water refreshment stand which has 1/3 cheaper than AMDK. The aim of this research is to find deeply whether the children diarrhea caused by the quality of water produced by water refreshment stand as bacteriology does not fulfill the point by using cross sectional research design. The analysis unit of this research is under five children from 9 to 59 months for 300 respondent samples and 30 water refreshment stand samples in Sungailiat Regency. The research result reflects that there is no relationship between E.coli in its water production to the children diarrhea. The variable of family latrine condition, clean water medium condition and washing hand habit of mother or baby sitter reflects the significant relationship to the children diarrhea and the variable of clean water medium condition as confounding. having some detailly explanation to the people about how to prevent the diarrhea by caring the clean water sources, family latrine and also having some workshops for the foods and drinks manager.
