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Risiko ergonomi merupakan salah satu bentuk risiko yang disebabkan karena hubungan kexja manusia, mesin (alat) dan lingkungan. Faktor risiko ergonomi terdini dari faktor fisik, faktor psikososial dan faktor individu. Faktor fisik yang terdiri dari repetition, force, poslure, vibralion, compression, dan linglcungan (cahaya, bising, suhu), psikososial misalnya job content, work/time pressure, job control, social support, job dzlssaliwaction, dan falctor individu, misalnya, umur, status sosial- ekonomi, merokok, riwayat kesehatan, jenis keiamin, onthropomerry dan aktifitas fisik Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko egonomi pekerjaan pemanenan kelapa sawit secara manual dan hubungannya dengan keluhan MSDs. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah pekerja panen dan muat kelapa sawit di kebun kelapa sawit PT. X Sumatera Selatan tahun 2008. Sampel penelitian adalah selumh pekerja panen dan muat kelapa sawit yang beljumlah 117 orang. Variabel independen adalah postur, beban, jenis pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan, umur, lembur dan lama kcrja. Variabel dcpenden adalah keluhan MSDs. Data diolah secara kualitatif dengan metode REBA dan analisis kuantitatif dengan bantuan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian, berdasarkan metode REBA tingkat risiko ergonomi panen dan muat rnasuk kategori tinggi (8 - 10), tingkat aksi 3 dan dibutuhkan tindakan scgcra. Deskripsi dari responden adalah jenis pekerjaan (pemanen = 98 dan pemuat = 19), tingakt pendidikan (5 SD = 98 dan > SD = 19), kerja lembur ( lembur = 37 dan tidak lembur = 80), lama kerja (S 2 tahun = 37 dan > 2 tahun = 80), dan umur (< 45 tahun = 112 dan 2 45 tahun = 5). Dari uji bivariat didapat hasil bahwa variabel jenis pekerjaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keluhan MSDS yaitu untuk pckerjaan pemanenan. Sedangkan variabel yang lain, yaitu status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, kexja lembur, lama bekerja dan umur pekerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keluhan MSDs. Kesimpulan, hasil score REBA hight, keluhan terbanyak dialami pada bagian leher dan punggung bawah, dan paling sedikit dari responden adalah pada bagian pantat, jenis pekerjaan berpengaruh signifikan tcrhadap jumlah keluhan. Saran kepada manajemen, perlu pengecekan kesehatan terkait keluhan otot rangka, penyuluhan kepada pekezja pzmcn dan muat TBS tentang tata cara kerja yang aman, selamat dan sehat, pengaturan waktugam keqa terkait pemulihan kcscgaran tubuh, termasuk kebijakan lembur dan program mekanisasi pekmjaan pemanenan dan pemuatan TBS. Saran untuk pekcnja, agar mclaporkan kepada Puskesbun jika merasakan/mengalami gangguan otot-rangka, menerapkan perilaku hidup sehat (tidak/kurangi merokok, waktu istirahat cukup, makan makanan bergizi seimbang) dan mcmatuhi prosedur kerja pemsahaan yang telah ditetapkan terkait kexja yang aman, sehat dan selamat. Saran lmtuk peminat K3, perlu penelitian lanjutan mengenai hubungan faktor risiko ergonomi (termasuk fbktor psikososial) dengan keluhan MSDs, aspek K3 pemanenan kelapa sawit.
Ergonomic risk is a risk fonn due to relation among people task, machine, and environment. Ergonomic risk factor include physical factor, psichosocial factor and individual factor. The physical factor sucah as repetition, force, posture, vibration, compression, and environment (lighting, noise, temperature), psycosocial factor consist of job content, work/time pressure, job control, social support, job dissatisfaction, and individual factor suach as age, social-economic status, smoking, health historical, gender, anthropometry and other physical activities. This research aimed at knowing the ergonomic risk factor and level and MSDs discomfort on harvesters of oil palm plantation in PT. X South Sumatera. This research is classified as an observational research with the plan of cross sectional research. The research population is the workers in harvesting and fresh fruit bunch (FFB) loading to truck in PT. X South Sumatera year 2008. The research sample is total populasi as amount 117 respondences. The independent varibale are posture, force, type of job, educational level, age, over time work, and age of work. The dependent variable is MSDS discomfort. The data is processed qualitatively by REBA method and quantitative analysis with the computere help. The result of this research, ergonomic risk level (REBA) score is 8 to 10, action level 3 and necessary soon, the highest level is loading worker. The description of the respondence, type of job (harvesters = 98, loaders = 19), educational elevel (S elementary = 98 dan > elementary = 19), overtime( yes = 37, no = 80), age of work (5 2 years = 37, > 2 years = 80), and age (< 45 years = 112, 245 years = 5). The result of bivariate analysis shows that type of job has significant relations with MSDS discomfort (p-value = 0.027, OR = 0.29l, 95% CI : 0,106 - 0,799). Others variables, marital status, educational elevel, over time, age of work, and age have no significant relation with MDSs. Conclusion, REBA score is hight, the most discomfort are neck and low back, the lesst is hip/buttock. Type of job (harvesting) has significant correlation with MSDS discomfort. Suggestion for management, need checking the healthly related to MSDs discomfort, socialise to working regarding safe and health harvesting and loading FFB, arrangement of working hour related to recovery and overtime policy, mechanisation program for harvesting, for worker, inform to Puskesbun if feel discomfort of MSDS, healhty life style, and complince with company procedure, and for OIIS concemers, need the next research about ergonomic risk including psicosocial factors and MSDS discomfort of harvesting job, and OHS aspect of oil palm harvesting. File Digital: 1
Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwalama kerja mempengaruhi keluhan subyektif musculoskeletal disorders dantingkat risiko ergonomi pekerja forklift termasuk ringan hingga sedang. Sarannya,perlu dilakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian postur kerja pekerja forklift,pengaturan durasi kerja, sosialisasi terkait musculoskeletal disorders, gejala,faktor risiko, tindakan pencegahan, dan penanganan. Kata kunci : risiko, ergonomi, forklift, musculoskeletal disorders.
MSDs sering dialami oleh pekerja perkantoran karena banyak menghabiskan waktunya
untuk melakukan pekerjaan statis. Di PT X, keluhan terkait MSDs seringkali muncul, namun PT X belum melakukan pengukuran terkait dengan risiko ergonomi dan MSDs sejak periode September 2021. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat keluhan MSDs PT X dan apakah ada hubungannya dengan faktor risiko individu (usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, dan IMT) dan postur kerja. Hubungan di antar variabel diuji menggunakan uji spearman. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan signifikan adalah faktor risiko individu IMT dengan P value = 0.018 dan koefisien korelasi -0.41 yang menandakan arah hubungan negatif dengan kekuatan hubungan cukup. Arah hubungan negatif berarti adanya hubungan terbalik di antara IMT dan tingkat keluhan MSDs. Semakin tinggi IMT, kemungkinan untuk mengalami MSDs akan semakin rendah.
MSDs is closely associated with those who works office job as they spent most of their time sitting in the same position. At PT X, MSDs complaints frequently occurred, however, no ergonomic assessments have been conducted since September 2021. This study aims to get the general level of MSDs complaints among office workers at PT X and to examine whetere there is a relationship between the level of MSDs complaints and individual risk factors (age, gender, physical activity, and BMI) as well as working postures. The correlation between variables were tested using the Spearman correlation test. BMI was found to have a significant relationship with MSDs with a p-value of 0.018 and a correlation coefficient of -0.41 that indicates a moderate negative relationships. This outcome suggests that those with higher BMI, have a lower likelihood to experience MSDs
Kata Kunci : Faktor risiko ergonomi, musculoskeletal disorder, workstation, QEC
This study discuss the analysis of ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal disorder complaints in X company at the year of 2016. this research is a quantitative research with cross sectional design method. From the ergonomic risk assessment using Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC) the result is indicate that works in the office that uses computers is included in level 3 or high risk category and manual work at the workshop is included to a level 4 or very high risk category. Awkward working posture that adopted by the worker is influenced by the design of the workstation that the result of workstation measurement shows several workstation in each working area is not appropriate. The survey result of Nordic Body Map (NBM) shows that 88.4% respondent have a complaint about MSDs which the highest percentage of complaints lies at the warehouse area with 100% complaints rate, while in the workshop the percentage of complaint is 94.4% and office area 83.7%. The part of body with the highest complaint of MSDs of office worker is waist (48.8%), upper neck (46.5%), right shoulder (30.4%), and left shoulder (27.9%), and for the workshop worker the highest complaint of MSDs is on waist (50%), upper neck (50%), upper back (38.8%), and hip (38.8%), and for the werehouse worker the highest complaint of MSDs is on waist (50%), upper neck (50%), upper back (38.8%), and hip (38.8%). Suggested of improvement in workstation design and education regarding occupational health in ergonomics.
Keywords : Ergonomic risk factor , musculoskeletal disorder, workstation, QEC
Computer users worker in PT. X are at risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders. This study aims to analyze appropriateness of work equipment, the risk level of ergonomic by measuring working postures and subjective symptoms lead to Cumulative Trauma Disorders. This is a descriptive observational study with cross-sectional approach. Using RULA and Nordic Body Map, the results showed there were a discrepancies in some working equipment. While the level of ergonomic risk assessment using RULA from 18 computer users worker observed from 18 divisions that exist indicate high and very high risk with RULA range of values 6-7. While the results of observations on the subjective symptoms lead to Cumulative Trauma Disorders from 153 respondents observed showed 120 (78.43%) of respondents feel there are complaints soreness / aches / pain / discomfort. The biggest complaint occurred at the waist (35.29%), the upper neck (33.98%), and lower neck (33.33%). It is recommended to carry out repair on work equipment, stretching every 2 hours for 1- 5 minutes and make print media to increase information about office ergonomics.
Working process in section Bagging Off has the risk of MSDs to workers. Thisstudy describe the risk level of ergonomic which potentially causingmusculoskeletal disorders to workers and an overview of complaint subjectivemusculoskeletal disorders on workers at PT. JAPFA Comfeed Indonesia UnitTangerang. The design of this study is cross sectional using REBA and RULA toassess the ergonomic risk level at each stage of working process and Nordic BodyMap (NBM) to know where the complaints on workers. Based on REBAassessment on working process of palleting showed very high risk level, RULAassessment on working process of sewing showed very high risk level and REBAassessment on working process of bagging showed high risk level and mediumrisk level. NBM assessment showed there is 20 workers have complaint in waist,8 workers have complain in under waist and 7 workers have complaint in upperneck and right shoulder. This level of risk can be reduced by providing AdjustablePallet Stand to working process of palleting, redesign workplace on workingprocess of sewing and providing chair which is suitable to workers on workingprocess of bagging. Besides that, workers have to stretch the muscles beforeworking, in the middle of working and after working, and then working with thecorrect posture.
