Defisit pertumbuhan anak usia kurang dari 5 tahun banyak didapatkan di negara Asia Tenggara, termasuk Indonesia (Schultink, Warner, 2000; WHO, 1997). WHO melaporkan di tahun 1992 terdapat ± 50% anak berumur kurang dari 5 tahun diklasifikasikan sebagai pendek (stunted) (WHO, 1992), keadaan ini masih tetap bertahan sampai dengan tahun 1997 (WHO, 1997). Jika keadaan ini di Indonesia tidak mengalami perubahan dari tahun ke tahun, maka dapat membawa dampak terutama pada perkembangan kognitif anak di usia 7-8 tahun. Dampak lain dari pendek ialah melemahnya kekebalan tubuh, mengurangi performa kerja. Pertumbuhan anak umur antara setahun sampai masa 7-8 tahun sering disebut sebagai masa laten atau tenang. Keadaan ini berbeda dengan masa bayi dan remaja dimana pertumbuhan fisiknya sangat pesat. Walaupun pada masa anak ini pertumbuhan fisiknya lambat, tetapi merupakan masa untuk perkembangan motorik, kognitif, dan emosional (McGregor, 1995). Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak merupakan proses panjang yang berkesinambungan. Dengan demikian, derajat kesehatan anak perlu diketahui perkembangannya dan tidak hanya dilihat sesaat, melainkan harus dilihat secara berkesinambungan selama kehidupan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan data longitudinal Indonesian Family Life Survei tahun 1993-2000. Determinan defisit pertumbuhan tinggi badan anak usia 7-8 tahun dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji regresi generalized estimating equation (GEE). Hasil penelitian menunjukan variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi defisit tinggi badan anak pada usia 7-8 tahun adalah defisit pertumbuhan anak di usia 1-2 tahun, faktor genetik (tinggi badan bapak dan ibu), kebiasaan minum susu, area tempat tinggal anak, kesehatan lingkungan, dan jenis kelamin. Variabel yang paling dominan terhadap defisit pertumbuhan tinggi badan anak yaitu jenis kelamin anak. Anak laki-laki lebih berisiko untuk mengalami defisit tinggi badan sebesar 1,7 kali dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut disarankan perlunya peran orang tua dalam memantau perkembangan anak, perbaikan kondisi sosial ekonomi, edukasi bagi orang tua, revitalisasi fungsi posyandu, dan pemberian nutrisi bagi anak sekolah.

Growth retardation during early childhood found in many Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia (Schultink, Warner, 2000). WHO reported in 1992 there were 50% of children age less than 5± years and classified as stunting (WHO, 1992). This situation still survive until the year 1997 (WHO, 1997). If this situation in Indonesia does not change from year to year, it can bring, especially the impact on cognitive development in children ages 7-8 years. Growth retardation during early childhood is rarely made up; so stunted children usually become stunted adults. The growth of children age between one year to the 7-8 year period is often referred to as a latent or quiet. The situation is different with the baby and young people where physical growth is very rapid. It is acknowledged that growth retardation in early chlidhood works through in adolescence and adulthood, but no information on the growth from infancy until adolencence was available in Indonesia. Causes and long term effects of growth retardation can only be studied through longitudinal studies, and only a limited number of these studies have been done in Indonesia. This study were used longitudinal data Indonesian Family Life Surveys in 1993 through 2000. Determinant growth retardation of children aged 7-8 years analyzed using a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). The research results showed that there was a positive realtionship between children retardation at the age of 7-8 years and their height at 1-2 years, genetic factors (height of the father and mother), drinking milk habits, the area where children live, environmental health, and sex. The most dominant of the children growth retardation is sex of the children. The boys are more at risk to have stunted 1.7 times compared with the girls. Based on the study, we recommended that need role of parents in monitoring child development, improvement of socio-economic conditions, education for parents, revitalization posyandu function, nutrition intervention for school children are necessary to support the attainment of their optimal growth potential.

Penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran faktor-faktor dan hubungannya dengan TB U yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, riwayat sakit, frekuensi konsumsi sumber energi, frekuensi konsumsi sumber protein, frekuensi konsumsi sayur, pekerjaan ayah, pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu dan pengeluaran per kapita. Disain penelitian adalah cross sectional, pendekatan kuantitatif dan pengambilan sampel secara probability proporsional to size (PPS) dengan metode cluster survey, uji regresi logistik. Variabel yang berhubungan adalah usia, riwayat sakit, frekuensi sumber energi, frekuensi sumber protein dan frekuensi konsumsi sayur. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa prevalensi stunting adalah 22,5%. Hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa prevalensi anak pendek merupakan masalah karena masih diatas batas non public health problem yang ditentukan WHO. Diperlukan adanya kerjasama yang baik antara Dinas Kesehatan dengan lintas sektor terkait dalam rangka penurunan prevalensi stunting pada anak sekolah. Kata kunci : Stunting pada anak kelas 1 SD/MI

 This study to obtain a picture of the factors and their relationship height with age ie. age, gender, birth weight, history of illness, frequency of consumption of energy sources, the frequency of consumption of protein sources, the frequency of consumption of vegetables, father’s work, work’s mother, father education, mother’s education and per capita outcome. Research design was cross sectional, quantitative approach and the sampling probability proportional to size (PPS) cluster survey method, logistic regression test.Variables related to the age, history of illness, frequency energy source, frequency source of protein and vegetable consumption frequency. The study found that the prevalence of stunting was 22.5%. The results can be concluded that the prevalence of stunting children is a problem because it is still above the limit of non-public health problem defined by WHO. It is necessary to good cooperation between the Health Department with traffic-related sectors in order to decrease the prevalence of stunting in school children. ix Universitas Indonesia Key words : Stunting children of Class 1 Elementary School