Imunisasi hepatitis B adalah salah satu jenis pelayanan imunisasi dasar yang seharusnya diberikan kepada semua bayi pada usia 0-7 hari. Proporsi bayi yang diimunisasi HB-0 tergolong masih rendah sekitar 60% sehingga potensi bayi terinfeksi HBV pada usia dini, masih besar. Tujuan penelitian, untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi hepatitis B dengan status imunisasi HB-0 pada puskesmas di kabupaten Barru setelah dikontrol dengan potential confounder. Desain penelitian adalah kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah bayi yang tidak diimunisasi hepatitis B-0 sedangkan kontrol adalah bayi yang mendapat imunisasi hepatitis B-0 (bayi 0-7 hari) dan masingmasing tercatat dalam register imunisasi pukesmas Padongko dan Pekkae bulan Februari-Maret 2011 dengan total sampel sebanyak 166. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ibu yang berpengetahuan kurang mengenai imunisasi hepatitis B, mempunyai risiko (odds) 5,57 kali bayinya tidak diimunisasi HB-0 dibandingkan ibu yang berpengetahuan baik dengan 95%CI:(2,69-11,53) setelah dikontrol dengan faktor pendidikan ibu. Disarankan kepada instansi terkait untuk meningkatkan upaya promosi program imunisasi HB-0 kepada masyarakat dan kemitraan lintas sektor serta mendorong komitmen setiap unit pelayanan kesehatan untuk melaksanakan program imunisasi HB-0.

The Hepatitsi B Immunization is one of kind the primary immunization care that should be given to all of neonatus early (0-7 days old). The proportion of HB-0 immunized neonatus early is about 60% so there was chance of child be infected HBV when they were still neonatus phase. The study objective is to know association of the mother’s knowledge about hepatitis B immunization and the immunization status of Hepatitis B-0 (neonatus 0 - 7 days old) at puskesmas in the distric of Barru after adjusted by potential confounder. The design is case - control study. The cases are infant who unimmunized hepatitis B-0 (0-7 days old) and the controls are infant who immunized hepatitis B-0 and both of them had been being registered at puskesmas Padongko dan Pekkae in 2011,february-march.The sample size are 166 (83:83). The study result shows that the mothers who have less knowledge about hepatitis B immunization have chance (odds) 5,57 times their infants would not be immunized if be compared with the mother’s who have good knowledge 95%CI:(2,69-11,53) after adjusted by the mother education factor. To be suggested to increase the promotion efforts of hepatitis B immunization programme to the community and immunization partnership programme and build communication intesively to all of the helath service providers to make a commitment conducting immunization of hepatitis B-0 programme.

Giving the earliest possible hepatitis B immunization to babies had become a first priority for the hepatitis B immunization programmed. This measure would give immediate protection to babies against infection caused by hepatitis B virus; it could also prevent babies from the development of some infection already occurring (through prenatal transmission) into a chronic hepatitis. It was still very hard to carry out the earliest possible hepatitis B programmed at Tasikmalaya Regency. Results of an evaluation of immunization programmed by the local Health Service in the year 2001 showed that 88.32% of the first hepatitis B immunized babies, only 0.99% had the immunization at the ages of 0 - 7 days. In an effort to increase the number of hepatitis B immunized babies, the role of health officials became very important in encouraging mothers to have their newly-born babies immunized. Close contact with mother and their babies with health officials, either at home or at health centers, were useful in improving the health of the mothers as well as their babies. The aim of the study was to see the correlation between visits to newly-born babies and the earliest possible immunization status of hepatitis B immunized babies at Tasikmalaya Regency in the year 2001, including other factors which influenced the status. The design of the study is a case control without matching, with the number of cases (non-early hepatitis B immunized babies) are 162 persons, and the numbers of controls (early hepatitis B immunized babies) are 162 persons, so that the number of the whole samples was 162 persons. Data processing was carried out through unvariate, bivariate and unconditional logistic multiple regression, with the software Stata version 6.0. Results of the study showed that mothers who had not had the opportunity of newly-born visits underwent a risk of 3.45 times of the status of babies with non-earliest possible hepatitis 13 immunization compared to mothers visited during the earliest possible child delivery (95% Cl: 1.95 - 6.10). Variables such as, pregnancy test, and place of deliveries, delivery assistants, knowledge of mother on hepatitis B immunization and mother's attitude about hepatitis B immunization controlled the results o f the study.

Angka kematian bayi (AKB) di Indonesia hingga saat ini masih sangat tinggi dimana Tetanus neonatorum merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian bayi yang menempati urutan ke-5 (SKRT 1995). Upaya untuk mengeliminisasi tetanus neonatorum terus dilakukan Departemen Kesehatan dengan target menurunkan insiden menjadi < 1 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2000. Salah satu strategi Departemen Kesehatan mencapai Eliminasi Tetanus Neonatorum (ETN) adalah meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi TT ibu hamil. Namun evaluasi tahun 1999/2000 menunjukkan cakupan yang masih rendah. Oleh karena itu Depkes mulai mengembangkan intensifikasi imunisasi TT kepada wanita usia subur (WUS). Hingga tahun 2000, Kabupaten Serang melaporkan cakupan imunisasi TT WUS > 3 kali mencapai 77,3%. Salah satu Puskesmas yang memiliki cakupan imunisasi TT WUS rendah adalah Puskesmas Anyer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status imunisasi TT WUS di Puskesmas Anyer, dengan menggunakan desain survei cross sectional. Responden terdiri dari 300 orang wanita usia subur. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi faktor umur, pendidikan, status perkawinan, pengetahuan, sikap, pekerjaan, persepsi tentang jarak, anjuran, dan kebutuhan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan/imunisasi TT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa variabel mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik dengan status imunisasi TT WUS (p<0,05). Variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna tersebut adalah umur (OR=3,60), status perkawinan (5,60), pengetahuan (3,60), sikap (4,45), anjuran petugas kesehatan (2,63), anjuran petugas non kesehatan (7,14) dan kebutuhan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan (2,89). Sementara variabel persepsi tentang jarak, tingkat pendidikan, dan status pekerjaan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat diketahui bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah pengetahuan, umur, status perkawinan dan anjuran petugas non kesehatan. Diantara ke empat variabel tersebut, status kawin merupakan variabel yang paling besar mempengaruhi status imunisasi TT WUS. Mengacu pada hasil penelitian, maka untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi TT WUS disarankan agar penjangkauan sasaran melalui kegiatan sweeping perlu dipertahankan mengingat kegiatan yang bersifat mass campaign masih dirasakan cukup efektif. Selain itu upaya sosialisasi TT WUS melalui media penyuluhan yang tepat bagi kelompok sasaran antara, seperti kader dan perangkat desa perlu dibuat mengingat pengaruhnya kepada sasaran utama program cukup besar. Untuk mempercepat tercapainya target jangka panjang yaitu dihentikannya imunisasi TT ibu hamil, maka perlu dilakukan pentahapan target TT WUS sehingga status imunisasi TT5 mendekati l00%. Penyesuaian jadwal dengan mengadopsi konsep interval minimal pada pelaksanaan imunisasi TT rutin pada ibu hamil sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan perlindungan individu sekaligus untuk meningkatkan efisiensi imunisasi TT.

Factors Contributed To Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Status among Child Bearing Age Women in Anyer Puskesmas Service Area, District Of Serang, In the Year 2001Infant mortality rate is considerably still high in Indonesia where Neonatorum tetanus as the fifth major cause of infant deaths in Indonesia (Household Health Survey 1995). The Ministry of Health has been adopting various efforts to eliminate tetanus neonatorum targeted reducing of neonatal tetanus incidence rate down to below 1 per 1000 live births by the end of 2000. One of the strategies in the Ministry of Health in order to eliminate neonatal tetanus is achieving high coverage of routine tetanus-toxoid (TT) immunization for pregnant women. Annual evaluation still shows low level of coverage up till the fiscal year 1999/2000, therefore the implementation of program acceleration of TT immunization targeting child-bearing age women (CBAW) as a new approach. By the year 2000, 77.3% of CBAW in Serang District health service area have received TT immunization minimum 3 doses. Anyer is one health centers of health centers in Serang District which reports the lowest coverage. The objective of this study is to identify the factors contributing to TT immunization status of CBAW in Anyer puskesmas service area, using cross sectional study design. This survey included 300 CBAW. The study factors are age, educational level, marriage status, knowledge, attitude, job, perception about distance, motivator and need for health services/TT immunization. The study shows several variables are having significant relationship with TT status of CBAW (p<0.05). Those variables are age, (OR=2.014), marriage status (OR= 3.286), knowledge (OR=2.626), and non-health motivator (OR=2.268). Other variables such as distance, attitude, need of health service, health motivator, education level, and job in this study do not show significant influence to TT status (p>O.05). Thesis study recommends, sweeping of TT CRAW in a mass campaign is an effective approach in increasing the coverage and cadres or village administrators are the important motivators. The program long term goals in terminating TT immunization for pregnant women requires a good plan of TT CBAW until all or almost all of CBAW achieve the TT-5 status. Adjusting the TT immunization schedule by adopting the minimum-interval concept into the routine immunization for pregnant women is needed to increase the individual protection, as well as to increase the efficiency of TT immunization.